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What is the primary function of elastic arteries?
Arterioles are the largest arteries in the body.
False
What is the function of vasoconstriction in arterioles?
decreases blood flow
The outer layer of a blood vessel is called the tunica ___________.
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Match the following blood vessel types with their characteristics:
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What is the main function of capillaries?
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The tunica intima is the outermost layer of a blood vessel.
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What is the term for the highest pressure in the arteries during a cardiac cycle?
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Vasodilation increases blood pressure.
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What is the name of the system that regulates blood pressure?
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The _______________ vessels are the smallest and most abundant type of blood vessels.
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Match the following blood vessels with their functions:
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What is the term for the pressure exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels?
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The kidneys play a role in regulating blood pressure.
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What is the term for the movement of fluid, respiratory gases, and nutrients between capillaries, tissues, and back again?
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What is the overall purpose of the cardiovascular system?
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The venous system includes elastic arteries.
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What is the primary function of capillaries?
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Blood vessel walls are typically formed from three layers or _______________________.
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Match the following blood vessel types with their functions:
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Trends in vital signs, such as blood pressure, over time enable accurate decision making in the planning of treatment.
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What is the primary function of venules and veins?
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Capillaries have thick walls.
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What is the percentage of blood volume that can be held by venules and veins at one time?
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The tunica externa of venules and veins is composed of _______________ fibers.
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Match the following types of blood vessels with their characteristics:
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What is the main function of the tunica intima in venules and veins?
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Capillaries have a large lumen for easy blood flow.
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What is the diameter range of venules?
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The structure that allows for fluid and small solutes to enter/exit capillaries is called the _______________ cleft.
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Study Notes
The Circulatory System
- The overall purpose of the cardiovascular system is to provide adequate blood flow to all tissues/organs according to their immediate needs.
- The circulatory system enables an assessment of the effectiveness of the cardiovascular system through blood pressure measurement.
Blood Vessel Structure
- Blood vessel walls are typically formed from three layers or tunics: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa.
- The tunics surround the central space, known as the vessel lumen, and provide specific physical properties that facilitate vessel function.
- Each layer has distinct structures and functions:
- Tunica intima: inner endothelium and outer basement membrane.
- Tunica media: smooth muscle, elastin, and vasoconstriction/dilation.
- Tunica externa: tough connective tissue, collagen fibers, and support for the vessel.
Blood Vessel Types
- Elastic arteries:
- Thick-walled, located near the heart, and have a large diameter (1-2.5 cm).
- Contain elastin in all tunics, making them conducting vessels that conduct blood away from the heart.
- Muscular arteries:
- Distal to elastic arteries, with a thick tunica media.
- Distributing vessels that change diameter to control blood flow to body regions and organs.
- Arterioles:
- Smallest arteries, with a diameter of 10 µm - 0.3 mm.
- Predominantly tunica media, with a high degree of vasoconstriction and vasodilation.
- Resistance vessels that control resistance to blood flow and flow into capillary beds.
- Capillaries:
- Microscopic vessels with a thin wall, average length of 1 mm, and a diameter of 8-10 µm.
- Function as exchange vessels, allowing for the exchange of nutrients, wastes, gases, and hormones.
- There are approximately 40 billion capillaries in an adult body, located in various tissues and organs.
- Venules and veins:
- Capillaries unite to form venules, which then unite to form veins.
- Large lumen, allowing for easy blood flow, with tunica intima folds forming valves.
- Little smooth muscle or elastin, but a thick tunica externa of collagen fibers.
- Function as capacitance vessels, providing support for accommodating a large blood volume.
Blood Flow, Pressure, and Resistance
- Blood flow: the movement of blood through the circulatory system.
- Blood pressure: the force exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels.
- Resistance: the opposition to blood flow, influenced by factors such as vessel diameter, blood viscosity, and blood velocity.
- The relationships between these factors are crucial for maintaining blood flow and pressure, and ultimately, the overall health of the cardiovascular system.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of the circulatory system, including the purpose of the cardiovascular system, blood pressure measurement, and its significance in clinical practice.
