The Heart and Circulatory System

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Questions and Answers

Which pathway circulates blood from the heart to the lungs and back?

Coronary circulation

Systemic circulation

Cardiovascular circulation

Pulmonary circulation (correct)

What is the main function of the heart in the circulatory system?

To regulate blood pressure in the body

To pump blood through separate circulatory pathways (correct)

To pump blood through a single circulatory pathway

To filter oxygen and nutrients from the blood

What is the primary function of the coronary pathway in the circulatory system?

To circulate blood from the heart to the lungs

To supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle (correct)

To regulate blood pressure in the body

To supply oxygen to the body

What is the role of the aorta in the circulatory system?

To branch off into two small arteries that supply the heart Signup and view all the answers

What was the ancient Egyptian belief about the heart?

That the heart was the source of emotion, wisdom, and personality Signup and view all the answers

According to Galen, what was the role of the liver in the circulatory system?

To turn food into blood Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle is found in the heart?

Cardiac muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the valves in the heart?

To ensure blood flows only in one direction Signup and view all the answers

What separates the left and right sides of the heart?

A septum Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a valve in the heart becomes 'leaky'?

Blood flows backward Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle is controlled by the systemic nervous system?

Skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the right atrium and ventricle?

To handle deoxygenated blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the sinoatrial (SA) node?

To coordinate simultaneous contraction of the atria and ventricles Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the heart's cycle do the AV valves close?

Systole Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the pressure exerted against the walls of the heart as blood is transported throughout the body?

Blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal ratio of systolic to diastolic pressure in a healthy individual?

120 / 80 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the relaxation of the heart's chambers and refilling with blood?

Diastole Signup and view all the answers

What is the sound produced when the semilunar valves close during diastole?

Dub Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Heart and Circulatory System

The heart is composed of two pumps that drive blood through separate circulatory pathways: pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation.
There are three main pathways of the circulatory system: pulmonary, systemic, and coronary circulation.
Pulmonary circulation circulates blood from the heart to the lungs and back.
Systemic circulation circulates blood from the heart to the body and back.
Coronary circulation supplies the muscle tissue of the heart with oxygen and nutrients.

Historical Background

Ancient Egyptians believed that emotions, wisdom, and personality emanated from the heart, not the brain.
Galen, a Greek physician, believed that the heart was split into two chambers, food was turned into blood by the liver, and the heart sucked blood in from the veins.

Types of Muscle

Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart and is controlled by the autonomic nervous system.
Smooth muscle is found in the lining of organs such as the stomach, esophagus, and uterus, and is controlled by the autonomic nervous system.
Skeletal muscle is found attached to bones and is controlled by the systemic nervous system.

Organization of the Heart

The heart is composed of four chambers: two atria (top chambers) and two ventricles (bottom chambers).
The right atrium and ventricle handle deoxygenated blood from the body, while the left atrium and ventricle handle oxygenated blood from the lungs.
Valves ensure that blood flows only in one direction.
The left and right sides of the heart are separated by a wall of tissue known as the septum.

Heart Beats and Blood Pressure

Cardiac rhythm results from electrical impulses that begin in the sinoatrial (SA) node, a natural pacemaker.
The atrial and ventricular contraction phase of the heart's cycle are together called systole.
The phase of the heart's cycle where the chambers are relaxing and refilling with blood is called diastole.
Blood pressure is the pressure exerted against the walls of the heart as blood is transported throughout the body.
Normal blood pressure is around 120/80 mmHg.

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Description

Learn about the structure and function of the heart, including the pulmonary, systemic, and coronary circulatory pathways. Understand how the heart pumps blood through the body and its essential role in maintaining life.