Circulatory System Overview

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following are components of blood?

  • Red blood cells
  • White blood cells
  • Plasma
  • Platelets
  • All of the above (correct)

What is the primary function of red blood cells?

Transport oxygen

What is the primary function of plasma?

Transport nutrients, dissolved gases, and regulate fluid and ion balance

What is the primary function of platelets?

<p>Stop bleeding after a blood vessel has been damaged</p> Signup and view all the answers

The left side of the heart pumps blood to ___.

<p>All body tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The tricuspid valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The bicuspid valve, also known as the mitral valve, separates the left atrium from the left ventricle.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The pulmonary valve separates the left ventricle from the aorta.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The aortic valve separates the left ventricle from the aorta.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following BEST describes coronary arteries?

<p>They carry blood to the heart itself (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is coronary thrombosis?

<p>A clot that forms in the coronary arteries or cardiac veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a phase of the cardiac cycle?

<p>Pulmonary systole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first heart sound (Lubb) caused by?

<p>Closure of the atrioventricular valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the second heart sound (Dubb) caused by?

<p>Closure of the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cardiac conduction system?

<p>Pacemaker fibers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the pacemaker of the heart?

<p>SA node (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the AV node located?

<p>Lower region of the right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the atrioventricular bundle (Bundle of His) play in the cardiac conduction system?

<p>Conducts the cardiac impulse from the AV node down the interventricular septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Purkinje fibers in the cardiac conduction system?

<p>Arise from the tips of the right and left bundle branches and help transmit electrical impulses to the ventricular muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an ECG record?

<p>Electrical changes that occur during the cardiac cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the P wave on an ECG represent?

<p>Depolarization of the atria, which corresponds to contraction of the atria</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the QRS complex on an ECG represent?

<p>Depolarization of the ventricles, which corresponds to contraction of the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a normal heart rate?

<p>60-100 bpm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a condition where the heart rate is faster than normal?

<p>Tachycardia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a condition characterized by an irregular, rapid heart rhythm?

<p>Atrial fibrillation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating heart rate from an ECG strip?

<p>Multiply the number of squares by 0.04 seconds per square to find the time of one beat (sec/beat). Then divide 60 seconds per minute by the time of one beat (sec/beat) to find the heart rate in beats per minute.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What blood pressure reading typically indicates hypertension?

<p>140/90 mmHg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for systolic blood pressure?

<p>90-120 mmHg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the process of blood flow through the heart, starting from the superior vena cava.

<p>Deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava, flowing into the right atrium. The right atrium contracts, pushing blood through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. The right ventricle contracts, sending blood through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary arteries, which deliver the blood to the lungs. In the lungs, carbon dioxide is released, and oxygen is picked up. Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the pulmonary veins, flowing into the left atrium. The left atrium contracts, pushing blood through the mitral valve into the left ventricle. The left ventricle contracts, sending oxygenated blood through the aortic valve into the aorta, which distributes it throughout the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the main artery that delivers oxygenated blood to the body?

<p>Aorta (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is an understanding of the structure and function of arteries, capillaries, and veins important?

<p>These three types of blood vessels make up the circulatory system, carrying blood throughout the body. Each type has a unique structure and function that allows it to effectively transport blood and facilitate the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels and are the sites of vital exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Arteries carry oxygenated blood towards the heart, while veins carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the ECG, and what components are essential to understand?

<p>An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a non-invasive test that records the electrical activity of the heart. It's crucial for detecting heart rhythm abnormalities. Essential components include the P wave, QRS complex, and T wave, representing atrial depolarization, ventricular depolarization, and ventricular repolarization respectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

Small, biconcave disks filled with hemoglobin, responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body.

White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)

Cells that defend the body against infections and harmful foreign substances.

Plasma

Pale-yellow fluid that makes up the majority of blood. It carries nutrients, dissolved gases, and regulates fluid and ion balance.

Platelets (Thrombocytes)

Small cell fragments produced in the bone marrow, responsible for stopping bleeding.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Systemic Circuit

The circulation of blood from the left side of the heart to all body tissues and back to the right side of the heart.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pulmonary Circuit

The circulation of blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tricuspid Valve

The AV valve separating the right atrium from the right ventricle. It has three cusps.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bicuspid Valve (Mitral Valve)

The AV valve separating the left atrium from the left ventricle. It has two cusps.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pulmonary Valve

The semilunar valve separating the right ventricle from the pulmonary arteries, allowing blood to flow to the lungs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Aortic Valve

The semilunar valve separating the left ventricle from the aorta, allowing blood to flow to the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Coronary Arteries

Blood vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle itself.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Coronary Thrombosis

A blood clot that forms in a coronary artery or vein, blocking blood flow to the heart.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cardiac Cycle

The coordinated contraction and relaxation of the heart chambers that make up one heartbeat.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Atrial Diastole

The period when both atria and ventricles are relaxed.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Atrial Systole

The period when the atria contract.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ventricular Systole

The period when the ventricles contract.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ventricular Diastole

The period when the ventricles relax.

Signup and view all the flashcards

First Heart Sound (Lubb)

The first heart sound (Lubb), occurs at the start of ventricular contraction (systole) due to the closure of the AV valves.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Second Heart Sound (Dubb)

The second heart sound (Dubb), occurs at the start of ventricular relaxation (diastole) due to the closure of the semilunar valves.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cardiac Conduction System (CCS)

The system that generates and distributes nerve impulses to coordinate the cardiac cycle.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sinoatrial Node (SA Node)

A specialized muscle tissue in the upper right atrium, responsible for generating its own impulses, initiating the heartbeat.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Atrioventricular Node (AV Node)

A second pump of cardiac muscle tissue in the lower right atrium, conducting impulses from the SA Node.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Atrioventricular Bundle (Bundle of His)

A group of large cardiac muscle fibers that conduct the impulse from the AV node down the interventricular septum.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Purkinje Fibers

Muscle fibers that arise from the tips of the bundle branches, distribute impulses to the ventricular walls.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

A recording of electrical changes during the cardiac cycle.

Signup and view all the flashcards

P Wave

The first upward wave on an ECG, representing depolarization of the atria.

Signup and view all the flashcards

QRS Complex

A large wave on an ECG, representing depolarization of the ventricles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

T Wave

The third dome-shaped wave on an ECG, representing repolarization of the ventricles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Normal Sinus Rhythm

A normal heart rhythm with a rate between 60-100 beats per minute (bpm).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tachycardia

A regular heart rhythm with a rate over 100 bpm.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bradycardia

A regular heart rhythm with a rate under 60 bpm.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Atrial Fibrillation

An irregularly irregular heart rhythm with a rate over 100 bpm.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Atrial Flutter

A regular or irregular heart rhythm with sawtooth-like flutter waves.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ventricular Tachycardia

A regular heart rhythm with wide QRS complexes and a rate over 100 bpm.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ventricular Fibrillation

A chaotic heart rhythm with no discernible waves or complexes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Circulatory System

  • Blood Components:

    • Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes): Small, biconcave disks, carrying oxygen using hemoglobin.
    • White Blood Cells (Leukocytes): Form the buffy coat, defend against infections and foreign substances.
    • Plasma: Pale-yellow fluid (55% of blood), transporting nutrients, gases, and regulating pH.
    • Platelets (Thrombocytes): Cell fragments, crucial for stopping bleeding.

  • Systemic Circuit: Oxygenated blood from the left heart pumps to body tissues, returning deoxygenated blood to the right heart.

  • Pulmonary Circuit: Deoxygenated blood from the right heart travels to the lungs to pick up oxygen, returning oxygenated blood to the left heart.

  • Heart Valves:

    • Tricuspid Valve: Separates right atrium from right ventricle (3 flaps).
    • Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve: Separates left atrium from left ventricle (2 flaps).
    • Pulmonary Valve: Separates right ventricle from pulmonary arteries.
    • Aortic Valve: Separates left ventricle from aorta.

  • Coronary Arteries: Supply blood to the heart muscle itself, originating above the aortic valve.

  • Coronary Thrombosis: Blood clot formation in coronary arteries or cardiac veins.

Cardiac Cycle

  • Cardiac Cycle: Coordinated contractions and relaxations of heart chambers (4 phases: Atrial Diastole, Atrial Systole, Ventricular Systole, and Ventricular Diastole).

    • Atrial Diastole: Atria and ventricles relax.
    • Atrial Systole: Atria contract.
    • Ventricular Systole: Ventricles contract.
    • Ventricular Diastole: Ventricles relax.

  • Heart Sounds:

    • Lubb: Closure of atrioventricular valves (start of ventricular contraction).
    • Dubb: Closure of semilunar valves (start of ventricular relaxation).

  • Cardiac Conduction System (CCS): Coordinates heartbeat through electrical signals.

    • Sinoatrial (SA) Node: Pacemaker, initiates impulses.
    • Atrioventricular (AV) Node: Delays impulses.
    • Atrioventricular Bundle (Bundle of His): Conducts impulses through septum.
    • Right and Left Bundle Branches: Further distribute impulses.
    • Purkinje Fibers: Cause ventricles to contract.

  • ECG (Electrocardiogram): Records electrical activity during the cardiac cycle.

    • P Wave: Atrial depolarization.
    • QRS Complex: Ventricular depolarization.
    • T Wave: Ventricular repolarization.

Blood Pressure

  • Hypertension: Blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg or higher.

  • Hypotension: Blood pressure of 90/60 mmHg or lower.

  • Systolic: Pressure during ventricular contraction.

  • Diastolic: Pressure during ventricular relaxation.

  • Heart Rate Calculations: Use ECG strip measurements and time to calculate heart rate per minute.

Blood Vessels

  • Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart under high pressure. Thick, elastic walls.
  • Capillaries: Thin-walled vessels for exchange of materials.
  • Veins: Carry blood toward the heart under low pressure. Have valves to prevent backflow.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Health Science 20 Final Exam Review PDF

More Like This

The Circulatory System Overview
12 questions

The Circulatory System Overview

FastSitar avatar
FastSitar
Circulatory System: Components and Functions Quiz
10 questions

Circulatory System: Components and Functions Quiz

SnazzyRubidium avatar
SnazzyRubidium
Circulatory System in Humans
30 questions

Circulatory System in Humans

CompactAcademicArt avatar
CompactAcademicArt
Functions of the Circulatory System
8 questions

Functions of the Circulatory System

MesmerizingBoltzmann3596 avatar
MesmerizingBoltzmann3596
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser