Circulatory System Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of the open circulatory system?

The heart pumps blood in open-ended vessels which empty into a central body cavity.

Describe the closed circulatory system.

Blood flows in closed vessels.

Arteries are thicker than veins?

True (A)

What is the purpose of the pulmonary artery?

<p>The pulmonary artery carries oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following arteries carries blood to the head and brain?

<p>Carotid Artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the subclavian artery?

<p>The subclavian artery carries blood into the arms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest artery in the body?

<p>The aorta artery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the function of the mesenteric artery.

<p>The artery that takes blood and nutrients from the small intestine to the circulatory system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the renal artery?

<p>The blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the iliac artery supply blood to?

<p>The iliac artery delivers blood to the pelvic organs and abdominal wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the femoral artery?

<p>The major artery supplying the leg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Capillaries are only one cell thick.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the capillary exchange?

<p>The capillaries exchange gases, nutrients, and metabolic byproducts between blood and tissue around cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are veins different from arteries?

<p>At the end of capillary circulation blood begins to collect into larger vessels called venules</p> Signup and view all the answers

Veins have valves to prevent blood from flowing backward.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how skeletal muscles help in blood flow through veins.

<p>Surround the veins. When these muscles contract blood is forced through the veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are jugular veins?

<p>Veins in the neck that return blood from the head.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the subclavian vein?

<p>either of the two veins that returns blood from the arms to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the purpose of the superior vena cava.

<p>A vein that is the second largest vein in the human body and returns blood to the right atrium of the heart from the upper half of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the inferior vena cava?

<p>carries blood from lower regions of the body to the right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the hepatic vein.

<p>a group of blood vessels in the liver that drain deoxygenated blood from the liver into the inferior vena cava (IVC</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the renal vein carry?

<p>blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do iliac veins carry blood from?

<p>blood vessels in the pelvis that carry oxygen-depleted blood from the lower body to the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique function of the pulmonary veins?

<p>blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart's left atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the mesentric veins?

<p>blood vessels in the abdomen that drain blood from the digestive organs and intestines to the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the structure and function of the heart.

<p>A hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body. has 3 layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the epicardium?

<p>Outer layer of connective tissue of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

The human heart has two upper atria and two lower ventricles.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the septum?

<p>divides the heart into right and left halfs</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do atrioventricular valves work?

<p>open when blood flows from atria to ventricles and close if blood attempts to move back into the atria</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the semilunar valves?

<p>close holding the blood in arteries blood does not drop back into ventricles from arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are coronary arteries crucial?

<p>a network of blood vessels that supply the heart with oxygen and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of coronary veins?

<p>blood vessels that drain deoxygenated blood from the heart's myocardium and return it to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the SA node?

<p>is made up of specialized cells that can spontaneously generate electrical impulses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the AV node?

<p>delays the electrical impulses from the SA node by about 120 milliseconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pulmonary circulation?

<p>oxygen- depleted blood from all over the body enters the right atrium from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and coronary sinus vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the process of systematic circulation.

<p>blood drops from the left atrium through the atrioventricular valve to left ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of red blood cells?

<p>transport oxygen and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of white blood cells in the body?

<p>a type of blood cell that help the body fight infection and disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of eosinophils?

<p>a type of white blood cell that help the body fight infections and allergens</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of neutrophils in the body?

<p>a type of white blood cell that help the body fight infection and heal from injuries</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the role of basophils in the immune response.

<p>a type of white blood cell that play an important role in the body's immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of monocytes?

<p>a type of white blood cell that are part of the immune system and play a role in fighting infection and tissue repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of macrophages?

<p>A type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills microorganisms, removes dead cells, and stimulates the action of other immune system cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are thrombocytes and what is their purpose?

<p>A tiny, disc-shaped piece of cell that is found in the blood and spleen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Open Circulatory System

Blood pumped by the heart flows into open-ended vessels, emptying into a body cavity.

Closed Circulatory System

Blood flows entirely within a closed system of vessels.

Arteries

Carry blood away from the heart. Strong and thick walls.

Pulmonary Artery

Carries oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs.

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Carotid Artery

Major artery supplying blood to the head and brain.

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Subclavian Artery

Carries blood to the arms.

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Aorta

Largest artery; carries blood to body.

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Mesenteric Artery

Supplies blood to the intestines.

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Renal Artery

Carries blood to the kidneys.

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Illiac Artery

Delivers blood to pelvic organs and abdominal wall.

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Femoral Artery

Major artery to the leg.

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Capillaries

Tiny blood vessels; site of gas and nutrient exchange.

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Capillary Exchange

Exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes between blood and tissues.

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Veins

Carry blood toward the heart.

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Vein Valves

Prevent backflow of blood.

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Skeletal Muscle Pump

Muscle contractions help move blood in veins

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Jugular Veins

Veins that return blood from the head.

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Subclavian Veins

Return blood from the arms.

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Superior Vena Cava

Major vein returning blood from upper body.

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Inferior Vena Cava

Major vein returning blood from lower body.

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Study Notes

Circulatory System Overview

  • Open circulatory system: Blood is pumped into open-ended vessels, emptying into a body cavity.
  • Closed circulatory system: Blood flows within closed vessels.
  • Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart; thick-walled with 4 layers.
  • Pulmonary artery: Carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.
  • Carotid artery: Supplies blood to the head and brain.
  • Subclavian artery: Supplies blood to the arms.
  • Aorta: Largest artery; supplies blood to the body and head.
  • Mesenteric artery: Delivers blood and nutrients from the small intestine.
  • Renal artery: Carries blood to the kidney.
  • lliac artery: Supplies blood to pelvic organs and abdominal wall.
  • Femoral artery: Supplies blood to the leg.
  • Capillaries: Tiny vessels with 1-cell-thick walls, forming a network for tissue exchange.
  • Capillary exchange: Facilitates gas, nutrient, and waste exchange between blood and tissues.
  • Veins: Collect blood from capillaries, leading back to the heart. Venules are small veins.
  • Vein valves: Prevent backflow of blood.
  • Skeletal muscle pump: Contractions assist blood flow.
  • Jugular veins: Return blood from the head.
  • Subclavian veins: Return blood from the arms.
  • Superior vena cava: Second largest; returns blood from the upper body.
  • Inferior vena cava: Returns blood from the lower body.
  • Femoral vein: Returns blood from the leg to the heart.
  • Hepatic vein: Drains blood from the liver.
  • Renal vein: Carries blood away from the kidney.
  • lliac veins: Return blood from the lower body.
  • Pulmonary veins: Carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart.
  • Mesentric veins: Drain blood from digestive organs and intestines to the liver.

Heart Structure and Function

  • Heart: A muscular pump with three layers:
    • Epicardium (outer layer)
    • Myocardium (middle, muscular layer)
    • Endocardium (inner layer)
  • Atria (2): Upper chambers; receive blood.
  • Ventricles (2): Lower chambers; pump blood out of the heart.
  • Septum: Divides the heart into right and left halves.
  • Atrioventricular valves: Allow blood flow from atria to ventricles.
  • Semilunar valves: Prevent backflow from arteries into ventricles.
  • Coronary arteries: Supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle.
  • Coronary veins: Drain deoxygenated blood from the heart.

Heart's Electrical System

  • SA (Sinoatrial) node: Generates electrical impulses that control heartbeat.
  • AV (Atrioventricular) node: Delays the impulse from the SA node.

Circulation Pathways

  • Pulmonary circulation: Oxygen-poor blood moves from the heart to the lungs, then back to the heart.
  • Systemic circulation: Oxygen-rich blood moves from the heart to the body, then back to the heart.

Blood Components

  • Red blood cells (erythrocytes): Carry oxygen.
  • White blood cells (leukocytes): Fight infection.
    • Eosinophils: Fight infections and allergens.
    • Neutrophils: Fight infections and heal wounds.
    • Basophils: Important role in immune responses.
    • Monocytes: Part of the immune system, fighting infection and involved in tissue repair.
    • Macrophages: Surround and kill microorganisms, remove dead cells, and stimulate other immune responses.
  • Thrombocytes (platelets): Involved in blood clotting.

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Description

Explore the intricacies of the circulatory system, including the differences between open and closed systems, the role of major arteries, and the function of capillaries. This quiz provides an in-depth look at how blood circulates through the body and the vital components involved in this process.

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