Circulatory System in Humans

Circulatory System in Humans

• The circulatory system transports nutrients, gases, and hormones throughout the body.
• Blood is a fluid connective tissue composed of plasma and blood cells.
• Blood cells include red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets.
• RBCs contain hemoglobin, which carries oxygen.
• WBCs are part of the immune system.
• Platelets are involved in blood clotting.
• Blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries) carry blood throughout the body.
• Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
• Veins carry blood towards the heart.
• Capillaries connect arteries and veins, allowing exchange of substances between blood and tissues.
• The heart is a four-chambered muscular pump.
• The heart has two atria (auricles) and two ventricles.
• The atria receive blood, and the ventricles pump blood out of the heart.
• Valves in the heart prevent backflow of blood.
• The heart has four valves: bicuspid, tricuspid, pulmonary, and aortic valves.
• The SA node is the heart's natural pacemaker.
• The SA node generates electrical impulses that regulate heartbeat.
• Great blood vessels (vena cavae, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, and aorta) are connected to the heart.
• Vena cavae carry deoxygenated blood to the heart.
• Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
• Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
• Aorta carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body.
• The circulatory system includes two main circuits: pulmonary and systemic circulation.
• Pulmonary circulation involves blood flow to and from the lungs.
• Systemic circulation involves blood flow to and from the rest of the body.
• Blood pressure is the force of blood against blood vessel walls.
• Blood pressure readings are expressed as systolic/diastolic pressure.
• Abnormal heart conditions include palpitations, cardiac arrest, and hypertension.
• Blood transfusion is the transfer of blood from one person to another.
• Blood types (A, B, AB, and O) are determined by antigens on red blood cells.
• The Rh factor is another blood type characteristic.
• Matching blood types is crucial for safe blood transfusions.
• The lymphatic system is a parallel circulatory system that helps transport lymph throughout the body.
• Lymph is a fluid similar to blood plasma but without red blood cells and platelets.
• Lymph nodes filter lymph and produce lymphocytes.

Lymphatic System

• The lymphatic system consists of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes.
• Lymph helps transport nutrients and hormones to cells and removes waste products.
• Lymph nodes contain lymphocytes involved in fighting infections.
• Lymph nodes trap and destroy microorganisms and foreign particles.

Explore the fascinating components and functions of the human circulatory system. This quiz covers blood composition, types of blood cells, and the role of the heart and blood vessels in transporting vital substances throughout the body.