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Questions and Answers
Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
Veins have thicker walls than arteries.
Veins have thicker walls than arteries.
False
What type of blood do most arteries carry?
What type of blood do most arteries carry?
Oxygenated blood
The lumen of veins is larger than that of __________.
The lumen of veins is larger than that of __________.
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Match the characteristics with the correct blood vessel type:
Match the characteristics with the correct blood vessel type:
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What provides the driving force for blood flow in veins?
What provides the driving force for blood flow in veins?
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Arteries have valves to prevent backflow of blood.
Arteries have valves to prevent backflow of blood.
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Name one characteristic that distinguishes arteries from veins.
Name one characteristic that distinguishes arteries from veins.
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What is the reason that plasma proteins, red blood cells, and blood platelets remain in the blood and are not found in tissue fluid?
What is the reason that plasma proteins, red blood cells, and blood platelets remain in the blood and are not found in tissue fluid?
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At the venule end of capillaries, the water potential of the blood is higher than that of tissue fluid.
At the venule end of capillaries, the water potential of the blood is higher than that of tissue fluid.
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What is the primary function of the bicuspid valve?
What is the primary function of the bicuspid valve?
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What happens to most tissue fluid?
What happens to most tissue fluid?
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At the arterial end of the capillary, the hydrostatic pressure of blood is _____ than that of tissue fluid.
At the arterial end of the capillary, the hydrostatic pressure of blood is _____ than that of tissue fluid.
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The tricuspid valve prevents backflow of blood from the aorta into the right ventricle.
The tricuspid valve prevents backflow of blood from the aorta into the right ventricle.
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Match the following variables with their correct description:
Match the following variables with their correct description:
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What mechanism controls the opening and closing of heart valves?
What mechanism controls the opening and closing of heart valves?
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The _________ valves prevent backflow of blood from the aorta or pulmonary artery into the ventricles.
The _________ valves prevent backflow of blood from the aorta or pulmonary artery into the ventricles.
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Match the heart structures with their functions:
Match the heart structures with their functions:
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Which statement correctly identifies the characteristics of blood vessels P and Q?
Which statement correctly identifies the characteristics of blood vessels P and Q?
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Curve X in Fig 2 indicates changes in rate of blood flow.
Curve X in Fig 2 indicates changes in rate of blood flow.
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What are the four chambers of the heart?
What are the four chambers of the heart?
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The aorta carries ______ blood away from the heart.
The aorta carries ______ blood away from the heart.
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Match the following blood vessels with their corresponding characteristics:
Match the following blood vessels with their corresponding characteristics:
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What is the primary function of the pericardial fluid?
What is the primary function of the pericardial fluid?
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A blocked coronary artery can lead to coronary heart disease.
A blocked coronary artery can lead to coronary heart disease.
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What is the significance of the thick wall of the left ventricle?
What is the significance of the thick wall of the left ventricle?
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What is the duration of the left ventricle's relaxing state?
What is the duration of the left ventricle's relaxing state?
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In single circulation, blood passes through the heart only once.
In single circulation, blood passes through the heart only once.
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What causes a lower oxygen content in the blood of the left atrium and ventricle in the case of a septum defect?
What causes a lower oxygen content in the blood of the left atrium and ventricle in the case of a septum defect?
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What is the primary function of the spleen in the lymphatic system?
What is the primary function of the spleen in the lymphatic system?
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The type of circulation where blood passes through the heart twice is called __________ circulation.
The type of circulation where blood passes through the heart twice is called __________ circulation.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Lymph contains red blood cells.
Lymph contains red blood cells.
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Which of the following is NOT an advantage of double circulation over single circulation?
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of double circulation over single circulation?
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What role do valves play in the lymphatic system?
What role do valves play in the lymphatic system?
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In double circulation, blood is returned to the heart after passing through the lungs.
In double circulation, blood is returned to the heart after passing through the lungs.
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The ___ produces and stores white blood cells that kill germs.
The ___ produces and stores white blood cells that kill germs.
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What happens to the blood pressure in the blood vessels of the lungs during double circulation?
What happens to the blood pressure in the blood vessels of the lungs during double circulation?
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Match the component of blood with its presence in lymph:
Match the component of blood with its presence in lymph:
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What is a key way in which skeletal muscles assist the lymphatic system?
What is a key way in which skeletal muscles assist the lymphatic system?
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Tonsils help guard against germs that enter the mouth or nose.
Tonsils help guard against germs that enter the mouth or nose.
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What accumulates in lymph nodes to help fight infections?
What accumulates in lymph nodes to help fight infections?
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Study Notes
8.1 Need for Transport Systems
- Two transport systems in humans: circulatory system and lymphatic system.
8.2 Human Circulatory System
A. Blood
- Blood is a connective tissue.
- Blood consists of blood cells suspended in plasma.
- Plasma components include: carbon dioxide, urea, lipids, hormones, antibodies, glucose, amino acids, glycogen, and fibrinogen.
- Serum is plasma without fibrinogen.
- Fibrinogen forms an insoluble network trapping blood cells to form a clot when blood clots.
Blood Vessels
- Three types of blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries.
- Arteries: Thick walls with more elastic tissue, small lumen, typically deeper inside body; carry blood away from heart.
- Veins: Thin walls with less elastic tissue, larger lumen, typically closer to the body surface; carry blood to heart.
- Capillaries: One-cell thick walls, small lumen, site of material exchange between blood and body cells.
The Heart
- The heart is a muscular organ composed of cardiac muscle.
- It's surrounded by a membrane called the pericardium.
- The heart has four chambers: two atria (right and left) and two ventricles (right and left).
- The walls of the ventricles are thicker than the walls of the atria, especially the left ventricle which pumps blood to the body.
- The septum separates the two sides of the heart.
- Blood vessels carrying oxygenated blood: aorta, pulmonary veins.
- Blood vessels carrying deoxygenated blood: pulmonary artery, vena cava.
- Valves (tricuspid, bicuspid, and semilunar): prevent backflow of blood.
- Heart tendons (papillary muscles) hold valves in place.
Blood Circulation
- Double circulation: blood passes through the heart twice in one complete loop.
- Pulmonary circulation: right ventricle → lungs → left atrium
- Systemic circulation: left ventricle → body → right atrium
8.3 Blood Circulation
- Blood pressure is high in arteries and decreases as it travels to the capillaries and veins.
- Blood flow is fastest in arteries and slowest in capillaries.
8.4 Human Lymphatic System
- The lymphatic system has no pumping mechanism.
- The lymphatic system consists of lymph, lymph vessels, and lymph nodes.
- Lymph vessels and lymph nodes maintain lymph flow through contraction of skeletal muscles and valves.
- Lymph nodes filter lymph and destroy germs.
- Lymph carries excess tissue fluid back to the circulatory system.
- The lymphatic system maintains blood pressure and helps fight infection.
- The lymphatic system transports lipids and fat-soluble vitamins.
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Description
This quiz explores the human circulatory system, focusing on the components and functions of blood, types of blood vessels, and the anatomy of the heart. Understand the key features and roles of each element within this essential transport system.
