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Questions and Answers
Where does the aorta terminate in the abdomen?
Where does the aorta terminate in the abdomen?
Which artery directly supplies the brain?
Which artery directly supplies the brain?
What is the function of the external carotid artery?
What is the function of the external carotid artery?
Which vein is responsible for draining venous blood from the upper extremities?
Which vein is responsible for draining venous blood from the upper extremities?
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What branches off from the aortic arch in order?
What branches off from the aortic arch in order?
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Which artery continues to supply the lower extremity after the common iliac artery?
Which artery continues to supply the lower extremity after the common iliac artery?
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Which description accurately defines bifurcatio aorta?
Which description accurately defines bifurcatio aorta?
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What artery does the brachial artery terminate into?
What artery does the brachial artery terminate into?
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Study Notes
Circulatory System II
- Venules have the lowest pressure.
- Capillaries are crucial for gas exchange.
Great Vessels
- The aorta emerges from the left ventricle.
- Initially, it ascends, then curves downwards.
- Sections are named:
- Ascending aorta
- Aortic arch
- Descending aorta (divided into thoracic and abdominal aorta).
- Location is based on its position relative to the umbilicus and the thoracic and abdominal regions.
Aortic Arch
- Curves to the left, resembling an inverted "U."
- Superior to the heart.
- Branches off three major arteries in this order:
- Brachiocephalic trunk
- Left common carotid artery
- Left subclavian artery
Arteries of the Upper Extremity
- The subclavian artery continues as the axillary artery, then the brachial artery.
- The brachial artery divides into the ulnar and radial arteries.
Intravenous Injection
- Tourniquet is used to facilitate vein access.
- Puncture site is covered to prevent contamination.
- Specimen is retrieved after successful vein puncture.
- Different angles of injection are used for various tissue depths:
- Intramuscular (90°)
- Subcutaneous (45°)
- Intravenous (25°)
- Intradermal (10° - 15°)
Veins of the Upper Limb
- Divided into superficial and deep veins.
- Deep veins have the same names as their corresponding arteries.
- Radial and ulnar veins join to form the brachial vein.
- The brachial vein, after passing the pectoralis major, becomes the axillary vein.
- The axillary vein continues as the subclavian vein.
Veins of Upper Limb (Continued)
- Superficial veins (cephalic and basilic) join in the forearm as the median cubital vein.
- This structure is located at the anterior elbow.
Veins of the Lower Limb: Superficial
- Arcus venosus dorsalis pedis
- Great saphenous vein (opens into femoral vein)
- Small saphenous vein (empties into popliteal vein)
Veins of the Lower Limb: Deep
- Anterior and posterior tibial veins, as well as fibular veins merge into the popliteal vein.
- The popliteal vein connects with the femoral vein within the thigh.
Inferior Vena Cava
- Venous blood from the lower extremities and abdomen enters through the inferior vena cava.
- Internal and external iliac veins unite to form the common iliac vein.
- The right and left common iliac veins merge to form the inferior vena cava.
Superior Vena Cava
- Blood from the upper body (head/neck/upper limbs) returns to the heart through the superior vena cava.
- Internal jugular veins and subclavian veins unite to form the brachiocephalic veins.
- The right and left brachiocephalic veins combine to form the superior vena cava.
Blood Pressure Measurement Sites
- Locations for measuring blood pressure in the upper and lower limbs are indicated.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts of the circulatory system, including the structures and functions of venules, capillaries, and great vessels. It also explores the anatomy of the aorta and its branches, as well as aspects of intravenous injection. Test your knowledge on the essential components of cardiovascular biology.
