Anatomy and Physiology of Blood and Circulatory System
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the myocardium layer of the heart wall?

  • To produce hemoglobin
  • To regulate blood pressure
  • To contract and pump blood (correct)
  • To filter waste from the blood

    • Which stage of erythrocyte development is characterized by the loss of the nucleus?

  • Mature erythrocyte
  • Normoblast (correct)
  • Erythropoiesis
  • Reticulocyte

    • What is the primary laboratory procedure used to measure hemoglobin levels in the blood?

  • Complete Blood Count (CBC) (correct)
  • Coagulation Studies
  • Blood Typing
  • Hemoglobin Electrophoresis

    • What is the primary function of red blood cells?

    <p>To carry oxygen to the body's tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of blood cell disorder?

    <p>Cardiovascular disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the formation of red blood cells?

    <p>Erythropoiesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of blood and blood-forming organs?

    <p>Hematology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

    <p>To carry oxygen to the body's tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of anemia?

    <p>A decrease in hemoglobin levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of iron deficiency anemia?

    <p>Not enough dietary iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of high altitude on hemoglobin levels?

    <p>An increase in hemoglobin levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the genetic disorder that affects the shape of red blood cells?

    <p>Sickle cell anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of autoimmune hemolytic anemia?

    <p>The immune system destroys red blood cells faster than the body can replace them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition where the bone marrow stops making new blood cells?

    <p>Aplastic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a decrease in hemoglobin levels after the age of 50?

    <p>Anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the condition where there is an increase in hemoglobin levels?

    <p>Polycythemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of old or damaged RBCs?

    <p>They are removed and their components are reused</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the heme portion in hemoglobin?

    <p>To combine with globin to form an activated form of Hb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the breakdown of hemoglobin in RBCs?

    <p>Bilirubin is produced and removed through the kidneys and intestines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of globin in hemoglobin?

    <p>To combine with heme to form an activated form of Hb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the by-product of RBC destruction that is removed through the kidneys and intestines?

    <p>Bilirubin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of hemoglobin?

    <p>A combination of four polypeptide chains and a globin moiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of extravascular metabolism?

    <p>To recycle components of old RBCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the kidneys in RBC destruction?

    <p>To remove bilirubin from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Heart Anatomy

    • The heart wall consists of three layers: pericardium, endocardium, and myocardium.

    Circulation of Blood through the Heart

    • Deoxygenated blood enters the heart, and oxygenated blood leaves the heart.

    RBC Destruction and By-products

    • Old or damaged RBCs are broken down into globin chains, heme, and iron.
    • Globin chains and iron are reused to produce new RBCs.
    • Heme is converted to bilirubin, which is removed from the body through the kidneys and intestines/bowels.

    Erythrocytes - Hemoglobin

    • Hemoglobin (Hb) is a protein in RBCs that transports oxygen.
    • Hb consists of a heme (iron-containing) portion and a globin (protein) portion.
    • Each Hb molecule has four heme groups and a globin moiety composed of four polypeptide chains.

    Erythrocytes - Hemoglobin Values

    • Normal hemoglobin concentration values vary with age and gender.
    • Hemoglobin levels may be higher at high altitudes than at sea level.
    • Hemoglobin levels may decrease slightly after 50 years of age.
    • Anemia occurs when the hemoglobin level is below normal.
    • Polycythemia and newborns may have increased hemoglobin levels.

    Basic RBC Diseases/Disorders

    • Anemias:
      • Iron Deficiency anemia: not enough dietary iron.
      • Pernicious anemia: autoimmune condition where the body cannot absorb vitamin B12.
      • Aplastic anemia: bone marrow stops making new blood cells.
      • Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AHA): immune system destroys RBCs faster than the body can replace them.
      • Sickle cell anemia: genetic mutation leaving RBCs rigid and curved, unable to carry enough O2 to tissues.

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    Description

    Review of anatomy and physiology of blood and the circulatory system, covering A&P of blood and blood vessels. This quiz is part of the Medical Laboratory Assistant/Technician Program.

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