Circulatory System II Overview

Circulatory System II

• Venules have the lowest pressure
• Capillaries facilitate gas exchange

Great Vessels

• The aorta emerges from the left ventricle.
• It initially ascends, then curves downward.
• The aorta branches into ascending, aortic arch, and descending portions.
• The descending aorta divides into thoracic and abdominal portions.
• Location depends on the body region.

Aortic Arch

• The aortic arch curves to the left like an inverted U.
• Superior to the heart.
• It gives off three major arteries:
  • Brachiocephalic trunk
  • Left common carotid artery
  • Left subclavian artery

Arteries of Upper Limb

• Subclavian artery continues as axillary artery, then brachial artery.
• Brachial artery divides into ulnar and radial arteries.
• Radial and ulnar arteries are the two terminal branches of the brachial artery.

Arteries of Lower Limb

• When the femoral artery reaches the back of the knee, it becomes the popliteal artery.
• The popliteal artery branches into anterior and posterior arteries.

Veins of the Upper Limb

• Superficial and deep veins.
• Deep veins are close to arteries and share the same name.
• Radial and ulnar veins unite to form the brachial vein.
• The brachial vein becomes the axillary vein after passing the pectoralis major muscle.
• The axillary vein becomes the subclavian vein after passing under the clavicle.

Veins of the Lower Limb

• Arcus venosus dorsalis pedis
• Great saphenous vein
• Opens into femoral vein
• Small saphenous vein
• Empties into popliteal vein

Deep Veins of Lower Limb

• Anterior and posterior tibial veins and fibular veins drain into the popliteal vein.
• The popliteal vein continues as the femoral vein in the thigh region.

Intravenous Injection

• Techniques for intravenous injection include intradermal, subcutaneous, and intravenous.
• Puncture site preparation is crucial.
• Factors like the angle of injection and positioning need to be considered.

This quiz explores the intricacies of the human circulatory system, focusing on venules, capillaries, and great vessels. Key topics include the anatomy of the aortic arch and the arterial pathways of the upper and lower limbs. Test your knowledge on how blood circulates through the body.