Questions and Answers
What is the muscular middle layer of the heart?
myocardium
What is the smooth layer of cells that lines the inside of the heart?
endocardium
What is the muscular wall that separates the heart into right and left sides?
septum
What is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart?
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What connects arterioles with venules?
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What is the protein found on red blood cells?
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What are the cells required for the clotting process?
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What are the cells that fight infection?
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How many erythrocytes are typically found per cubic millimeter of blood?
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What is the fluid portion of blood?
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The aorta is the largest artery in the body.
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Capillaries allow oxygen and nutrients to pass through to the cells because their walls contain only one layer of cells.
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Fibrinogen and prothrombin are blood proteins necessary for clotting.
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When hemoglobin carries oxygen, it gives red blood its color.
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The circulating form of erythrocytes does not have a nucleus.
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Which chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood as it returns from the body cells?
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Which chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood as it returns from the lungs?
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What is the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle that prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium?
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What is the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle that prevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium?
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What blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
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What blood vessels are more muscular and elastic than other blood vessels?
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How much blood do adults typically have?
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Which blood protein does not aid in clotting?
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What is the largest artery in the body?
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Which blood cells contain hemoglobin?
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What is the normal number of erythrocytes in a cubic millimeter of blood?
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What does the bright red color of blood indicate?
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What blood cells fight infection?
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What is the normal count of thrombocytes?
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Which of the following is not true about thrombocytes?
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What disease occurs almost exclusively in males where the blood is unable to clot?
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What is the inflammation of a vein leading to the formation of a clot?
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What leukocytes provide immunity by developing antibodies and protect against cancer cells?
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What do we call dilated, swollen veins that lose elasticity and cause stasis or decreased blood flow?
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Which is NOT a risk factor for increasing hypertension?
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Name five things blood transports.
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What disease occurs when fatty plaques are deposited on the walls of arteries?
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What are three treatments for controlling hypertension?
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What term describes blood that is low in oxygen?
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What term describes blood that is rich in oxygen?
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Match the following valves with their corresponding chambers:
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What is the function of blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart?
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What is the characteristic of blood vessels that are elastic and muscular?
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What is the main function of veins?
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Study Notes
Heart Structure
- Myocardium: Muscular middle layer of the heart responsible for contraction.
- Endocardium: Smooth cell layer lining the inside of the heart.
- Septum: Muscular wall dividing the heart into right and left sides.
Blood Vessels
- Arteries: Blood vessels carrying blood away from the heart; more muscular and elastic than other vessels.
- Capillaries: Tiny vessels connecting arterioles and venules; allow exchange of oxygen and nutrients due to one-cell layer walls.
- Veins: Blood vessels that return blood to the heart, equipped with valves to prevent backflow.
Blood Components
- Hemoglobin: A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen, giving blood its red color.
- Thrombocytes (Platelets): Small cells essential for the blood clotting process, normal range is 250,000 to 400,000 cells.
- Leukocytes (White Blood Cells): Cells fighting infection.
- Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells): Approximately 4.5 to 5.5 million per cubic millimeter of blood, contain hemoglobin.
Blood Functionality
- Plasma: Fluid portion of blood transporting cells, nutrients, hormones, and waste products.
- Blood volume in adults: Typically ranges from 4 to 6 quarts.
- Five primary substances transported by blood: Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, metabolic waste products, and heat.
Cardiac Chambers and Valves
- Right Atrium: Receives deoxygenated blood from the body.
- Left Atrium: Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.
- Tricuspid Valve: Prevents backflow from the right ventricle to the right atrium.
- Mitral Valve: Prevents backflow from the left ventricle to the left atrium.
Health Conditions
- Atherosclerosis: Disease caused by fatty plaque accumulation in artery walls.
- Hemophilia: Genetic disorder leading to difficulties in blood clotting, primarily affecting males.
- Thrombophlebitis: Inflammation of veins accompanied by clot formation.
- Varicose Veins: Dilated, swollen veins resulting in decreased blood flow.
- Hypertension: High blood pressure can be managed with antihypertensive drugs, diuretics, and stress reduction.
Miscellaneous Facts
- Fibrinogen and prothrombin are blood proteins necessary for clotting, while hemoglobin does not aid in clotting.
- When hemoglobin is oxygenated, it causes blood to appear bright red.
- The circulating form of erythrocytes lacks a nucleus.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the circulatory system with these flashcards. Each card features key terms and definitions related to the heart and blood vessels, such as myocardium and endocardium. Perfect for students studying anatomy and physiology.
