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Circulatory System Basics
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Circulatory System Basics

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a structure in the circulatory system?

  • Blood Vessels
  • Lungs (correct)
  • Blood
  • Heart

    • What is one of the primary functions of the circulatory system?

  • Transporting waste (correct)
  • Processing nutrients
  • Producing energy
  • Filtering blood

    • Which component of the circulatory system is primarily responsible for protecting against infection?

  • Blood vessels
  • Heart
  • Red blood cells
  • White blood cells (correct)

    • What are red blood cells also known as?

    <p>Erythrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the circulatory system help regulate body temperature?

    <p>By distributing heat throughout the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of platelets in the blood?

    <p>Clotting blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of blood vessels in the circulatory system?

    <p>Transporting blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long do red blood cells typically live?

    <p>120 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are white blood cells produced?

    <p>In the bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blood cells are the smallest?

    <p>Platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are primarily responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body?

    <p>Red Blood Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for Platelets?

    <p>Thrombocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are White Blood Cells produced?

    <p>Bone Marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long do Red Blood Cells live?

    <p>120 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of blood is responsible for its clotting?

    <p>Platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of physiology in the context of human anatomy?

    <p>Examining chemical and physical processes of body functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept refers to the state of balance and optimal function of all body systems?

    <p>Homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must a phlebotomist understand about the circulatory system?

    <p>Both anatomy and physiology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct sequence from smallest to largest making up the human body?

    <p>Cells, Tissues, Organs, Systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for a phlebotomist to understand anatomy?

    <p>To locate veins for specimen collection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of related laboratory testing in relation to disorders?

    <p>To monitor and diagnose disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the pulmonary system?

    <p>To carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and oxygenated blood back to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to the body?

    <p>Systemic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of blood vessels is NOT mentioned?

    <p>Arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do blood vessels play in the body?

    <p>They carry blood throughout the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organ system is part of the pulmonary system along with blood vessels?

    <p>The lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary process to stop bleeding and repair blood vessels after injury?

    <p>Hemostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial response in the hemostasis process after a blood vessel is damaged?

    <p>Vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component forms a stable blood clot if the injury is severe enough?

    <p>Coagulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which processes are involved in the dissolution of the clot after the injury is healed?

    <p>Fibrinolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a blood clot composed of?

    <p>Clumped RBCs in fibrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately how long does the coagulation process take?

    <p>Less than 15 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blood vessel connects arterioles and venules?

    <p>Capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of capillaries?

    <p>To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is true about arteries?

    <p>They have thick, muscular walls that help to pump blood through the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates veins from arteries?

    <p>Veins have thinner walls compared to arteries and do not need to be as muscular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do arteries need to have thick, muscular walls?

    <p>To withstand the high pressure of blood pumped from the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function do valves in veins serve?

    <p>They prevent the backflow of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vein carries blood from the lower body to the heart?

    <p>Inferior vena cava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about venules?

    <p>They collapse more easily than arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is responsible for extending up the right and left side of the neck?

    <p>Carotid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the superior vena cava transport blood from?

    <p>The upper body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of blood do arteries generally carry?

    <p>Oxygenated blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a vein as opposed to an artery?

    <p>Veins have valves to prevent backflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the smallest type of artery that attaches to the proximal end of a capillary?

    <p>Arteriole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery extends down the center of each arm?

    <p>Brachial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the largest artery, the aorta, connect to the heart?

    <p>At the top of the right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vein is the first choice for routine venipuncture in the arm?

    <p>Median cubital vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the cephalic vein located relative to the antecubital area?

    <p>Lateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the basilic vein considered the last choice for venipuncture?

    <p>It is easy to roll and covers the median nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following veins is NOT typically associated with venipuncture in the arm?

    <p>Femoral vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary venipuncture site area called?

    <p>Antecubital fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Circulatory System

    • Consists of heart, blood vessels, and blood
    • Functions: transporting gases, nutrients, waste, and hormones, protecting against infection, and regulating body temperature

    Anatomy and Physiology

    • Anatomy: the structure of an organism
    • Physiology: the function(s) of an organism's anatomy, including chemical and physical processes
    • Homeostasis: the state of balance and optimal function of all body systems

    Composition of Blood

    • Red Blood Cells (RBCs):
      • Contain hemoglobin (Hgb) and carry oxygen throughout the body
      • Produced in the bone marrow
      • Also known as erythrocytes
      • Live for around 120 days
    • White Blood Cells (WBCs):
      • Develop from stem cells that provide immunity
      • Produced in the bone marrow
      • Also known as leukocytes
      • Live from six hours to several years
    • Platelets:
      • The smallest blood cell
      • Responsible for the clotting of blood
      • Produced in the bone marrow
      • Also known as thrombocytes
      • Live for about 10 days

    Hemostasis and Coagulation

    • Hemostasis: an ongoing process to stop bleeding and repair blood vessels after vascular injury
    • Coagulation: a critical component of hemostasis, forming a stable blood clot
    • Hemostasis progresses through four responses:
      • Vasoconstriction
      • Formation of a platelet plug
      • Coagulation
      • Fibrinolysis

    Blood Vessels

    • Tubular structures that carry blood throughout the body
    • Link together the pulmonary and systemic systems
    • Three main types: capillaries, arteries, and veins

    Pulmonary System

    • Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and oxygenated blood back to the heart

    Systemic System

    • Carries oxygenated blood from the heart through the body and deoxygenated blood back to the heart

    Capillaries

    • Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and cells through their thin walls

    Arteries

    • Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body
    • Have thick, muscular walls
    • The pressure exerted on the arteries creates a pulse that can be felt

    Veins

    • Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart from the rest of the body
    • Have thinner walls than arteries
    • Valves prevent backflow of blood

    Obtaining Blood Samples

    • The antecubital fossa is the primary venipuncture site
    • Median cubital vein is the first choice for routine venipuncture
    • Cephalic vein is the second choice
    • Basilic vein is the last choice

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basic structures and functions of the circulatory system, including the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Learn about the system's role in transporting essential substances, protecting against infection, and regulating body temperature.

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