Circulatory System Anatomy and Blood Vessels
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Questions and Answers

What shape do normal red blood cells have?

  • Square shaped
  • Crescent shaped
  • Disc shaped (correct)
  • Elongated shaped

Which of the following is a result of sickle cell anemia?

  • Formation of firm blood clots
  • Improved oxygen flow
  • Decreased risk of infections
  • Clogging of small blood vessels (correct)

What primarily causes hemophilia?

  • Increased platelet count
  • Lack of blood clotting proteins (correct)
  • Excess blood clotting factors
  • Deficiency in red blood cells

Which gender is most commonly impacted by hemophilia?

<p>Males (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of sickle cell anemia?

<p>Kidney damage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is hemophilia treated?

<p>With proper medical attention (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important preventative measure for heart disease?

<p>Regular exercise (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided to maintain circulatory system health?

<p>Harmful substances such as smoking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of heart disease mentioned?

<p>Habits starting in 7th grade (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in treating clogged arteries?

<p>Angioplasty (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'arrhythmia' refer to?

<p>Heart rhythm irregularity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a defibrillator?

<p>To jump-start the heart rhythm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition can develop from blood clots originating in the legs?

<p>Pulmonary embolism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What surgery involves using a vein from the leg to bypass a clog in the heart?

<p>Coronary bypass surgery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of cells initiates the heartbeat?

<p>Pacemaker cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are common symptoms of heart disease?

<p>Chest pain, fatigue, shortness of breath (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of blood vessels in relation to tissues?

<p>Deliver oxygen and nutrients while removing CO2 and wastes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of coronary artery disease?

<p>Narrowing of arteries feeding the heart (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by high blood pressure?

<p>Hypertension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during a stroke?

<p>A blood vessel or artery breaks or a clot blocks blood flow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common risk factor contributes to both stroke and hypertension?

<p>High cholesterol levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the liver contribute to blood sugar regulation?

<p>Stores sugar for later use (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines myocardial infarction?

<p>A heart attack (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common risk factor for heart disease?

<p>Being physically active (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of arteries in the circulatory system?

<p>To carry oxygenated blood away from the heart (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood component is primarily responsible for oxygen transport?

<p>Hemoglobin in red blood cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of capillaries in the circulatory system?

<p>To connect arteries and veins for nutrient exchange (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates veins from arteries?

<p>Veins have one-way valves, while arteries do not (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT a component of blood?

<p>Capillaries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function do platelets serve in the circulatory system?

<p>Help in blood clotting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which section of blood comprises the majority of its volume?

<p>Plasma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the circulatory system play in relation to other body systems?

<p>It transports nutrients and waste, keeping them functional (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the heart prevents blood from flowing in the wrong direction?

<p>Valves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many chambers does the human heart consist of?

<p>4 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these vessels carries oxygen-poor blood back to the heart?

<p>Veins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of capillaries in the circulatory system?

<p>Connecting arteries and veins to body tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What material makes up the heart muscle?

<p>Cardiac muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle?

<p>Bicuspid valve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

On average, how much blood is contained in an adult human body?

<p>5 liters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pulmonary system?

<p>To transport blood from the heart to the lungs and back (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the coronary arteries?

<p>They supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do pulmonary veins play in the circulatory system?

<p>They return oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system is primarily responsible for transporting blood to all tissues except the heart and lungs?

<p>Systemic System (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do coronary veins do?

<p>Return oxygen-depleted blood to the heart (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structures carry blood from the lungs to the heart?

<p>Pulmonary veins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the systemic system?

<p>To provide blood to all body tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is carried by the pulmonary arteries?

<p>Oxygen-poor blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Circulatory System

Your heart, blood vessels, and blood work together to transport oxygen and nutrients throughout your body and remove waste products.

Heart

The organ that pumps blood throughout the body.

Arteries

Blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.

Veins

Blood vessels that carry oxygen-poor blood and waste products back to the heart.

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Capillaries

Tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins, allowing exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products with tissues.

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Atriums

The upper chambers of the heart that receive blood from veins.

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Ventricles

The powerful lower chambers of the heart that pump blood out to the arteries.

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Heart Valves

Specialized structures within the heart that prevent blood from flowing backward, ensuring one-way blood flow.

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What are arteries?

Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. They are under high pressure due to the force of the heart's pumping.

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What is the dorsal aorta?

The dorsal aorta is the main artery in the body. It carries oxygenated blood from the heart to all parts of the body except the lungs.

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What is the pulmonary artery?

The pulmonary artery is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood. It carries blood from the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated.

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What are veins?

Veins carry deoxygenated blood and waste products from the capillaries back to the heart.

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What are capillaries?

Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body. They connect arteries and veins, allowing for the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the blood and body tissues.

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What do red blood cells do?

Red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body. They contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds to oxygen.

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What do white blood cells do?

White blood cells are part of the body's immune system. They protect the body from infection and disease by attacking foreign invaders.

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What do platelets do?

Platelets are cell fragments that help blood clot. They stick together at the site of an injury to stop bleeding.

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What do blood vessels do?

Blood vessels carry oxygen and nutrients to different parts of the body and collect waste products like carbon dioxide to be removed.

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What does the kidney do?

The kidneys filter waste products from the blood before returning it to the heart.

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What does the liver do?

The liver stores sugar from the blood for later use by the body.

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What is Coronary Artery Disease?

A narrowing or hardening of the arteries that supply blood to the heart. This can lead to a heart attack.

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What is a heart attack?

A heart attack occurs when a part of the heart muscle is damaged or dies due to a lack of blood flow.

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What is a Stroke?

A stroke occurs when a blood clot blocks a blood vessel in the brain, interrupting blood flow to a specific area.

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What is hypertension?

High blood pressure, a condition where the pressure of blood flowing through the arteries is too high.

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What are risk factors for heart disease?

Factors that increase the likelihood of developing heart disease, stroke, or other circulatory problems.

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Heart Disease

A condition where arteries in the heart become clogged with plaque, often due to unhealthy habits starting in the 7th grade.

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Angioplasty

A procedure that uses small tubes to clear clogged arteries. It's a 2-hour surgery with a quick recovery.

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Bypass Surgery

A surgery that uses a vein from the leg to bypass a clogged artery in the heart. It's a longer surgery with a longer recovery.

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Arrhythmia

An irregular heartbeat that disrupts the normal "Lub-Dub-Rest" rhythm.

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Pacemaker

A group of cells in the heart that initiate each heartbeat. A pacemaker can be implanted if these cells die from a heart attack.

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Defibrillator

A device that delivers an electric shock to the heart to restart the rhythm in cases of sudden cardiac arrest or arrhythmias.

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Pulmonary Embolism

Blood clots from the legs travel to the lungs, potentially blocking blood flow.

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Automated External Defibrillator (AED)

These are provided on campus to help in case of sudden cardiac arrest.

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What are the 3 major subsystems of the circulatory system?

The major subsystems of the circulatory system, responsible for blood circulation between the heart and lungs, heart itself, and the rest of the body.

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What is the Pulmonary System?

The system that circulates blood between the heart and lungs, transporting oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs and returning oxygen-rich blood to the heart.

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What are pulmonary arteries?

The blood vessels that carry oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs.

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What are pulmonary veins?

The blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart.

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What is the Coronary System?

The system that moves blood through the tissues of the heart, delivering oxygen-rich blood and removing oxygen-depleted blood.

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What are coronary arteries?

The arteries that transport oxygen-rich blood to the tissues of the heart, providing nutrients for the heart muscle.

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What is the Systemic System?

The system that supplies all tissues of the body (except the heart and lungs) with oxygen and other nutrients.

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What are systemic veins?

The blood vessels that carry oxygen-depleted blood back to the heart from the tissues of the body.

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Sickle Cell Anemia

A genetic disorder that causes red blood cells to become crescent-shaped instead of the usual disc shape. This abnormal shape makes it difficult for these cells to travel through small blood vessels, leading to blockages.

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Hemophilia

The inability of blood to clot properly due to a deficiency in certain clotting proteins.

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Blood Clotting

The process by which blood clots to stop bleeding.

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Hemoglobin

A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.

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Atherosclerosis

A condition where the body's blood vessels become narrowed and hardened, making it difficult for blood to flow properly.

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Plaque Buildup

A buildup of plaque, a waxy substance, inside the arteries, which restricts blood flow.

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Blood Pressure

The force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood.

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Study Notes

Circulatory System Anatomy

  • The circulatory system is made up of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
  • Continuously circulates blood throughout the entire body.
  • Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.
  • Veins carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart.
  • Capillaries connect arteries and veins to tissues.
  • The heart is about the size of a fist.
  • It's a muscle, divided into four chambers: two atria (receive blood), and two ventricles (pump blood).
  • Valves prevent blood from flowing in the wrong direction.
  • The heart has four valves: tricuspid and bicuspid (atrioventricular), and pulmonary and aortic (semilunar).

Circulatory System Blood Vessels

  • Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
    • The dorsal aorta carries blood away from the heart to the body.
    • Pulmonary arteries connect the heart to the lungs to supply blood with oxygen.
  • Veins carry deoxygenated blood and waste back to the heart.
    • Superior Vena Cava and Inferior Vena Cava
  • Capillaries deliver blood to tissues and take away byproducts.

Circulatory System Blood Cells

  • Red blood cells (erythrocytes) contain hemoglobin transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide.
  • White blood cells (leukocytes) act as the body's defense mechanism.
  • Platelets (thrombocytes) help blood form clots.
  • Plasma carries red and white blood cells, platelets, waste products, and other substances.

Circulatory System Physiology

  • The circulatory system has three main subsystems: pulmonary (lungs), coronary (heart), and systemic (body).
  • The pulmonary system circulates blood between the heart and lungs.
  • The coronary system provides nutrients to the heart itself.
  • The systemic system transports blood to the body's tissues.
  • Pulmonary arteries carry oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.
  • Capillaries in the lungs transfer oxygen to the blood and remove carbon dioxide.
  • Pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood back to the heart.
  • Coronary arteries transport oxygen-rich blood to the heart tissues.

Circulatory System Common Ailments

  • Cardiovascular disease, hypertension, deep vein thrombosis, sickle cell anemia, and hemophilia are common circulatory system ailments.
  • Coronary artery disease involves narrowing of arteries feeding the heart, potentially leading to heart attacks.
  • Stoke happens when a blood clot blocks a blood vessel or artery, or when a blood vessel breaks, in the brain.

Circulatory System Risk Factors

  • High blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, drug use, obesity, physical inactivity, diabetes, stress, age, gender, race, and heredity are risk factors of circulatory system diseases.
  • High blood pressure is a silent killer, as high cholesterol can accumulate and harden/block blood flow.

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Description

Explore the intricate anatomy of the circulatory system, which includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood. This quiz focuses on the functions of arteries, veins, capillaries, and the heart's chambers and valves, detailing how blood circulates throughout the body.

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