Circulatory System Notes PDF

Name: Circulatory System Anatomy Notes 1 – Anatomy Intro 1. Made up of your heart, 3 parts of the circulatory System __blood____ vessels and...

Name: Circulatory System Anatomy Notes 1 – Anatomy Intro 1. Made up of your heart, 3 parts of the circulatory System __blood____ vessels and 1. Heart blood. 2. Blood vessels 2. Continuously circulates blood 3. Blood throughout your entire body using blood vessels. 3. Arteries carry blood rich in Arteries  away from the heart oxygen and _nutrients_ from - Carry blood rich in oxygen/nutrients the heart to the rest of the body. 4. Veins take oxygen poor blood Veins  to the heart and __waste_____ from the - Carry oxygen poor (CO2 rich) blood and wastes body back to the heart. 5. Capillaries connect arteries Capillaries exist in a net between arteries and veins (diagram) and veins to the tissues of the body. 5 liters of blood in average adult 2 – Heart 1. Your heart is about the same Heart = size of your fist size as your fist. 2. The heart is a Made of cardiac muscle __muscle_______. 3. The heart is divided into 4 chambers chambers - 2 Atriums R and L a. Atriums: receive o Blood from body  atriums  pass to ventricles blood from veins - 2 Ventricles R and L b. Ventricles: o Blood from atriums  ventricles  pump to __pumps___ blood body into the arteries 4. Valves in the heart prevent Valves – prevent blood from going the wrong way blood from flowing in the wrong direction a. Tricuspid valve: located between the right atrium and right ___ventrical_____ b. Bicuspid valve: located between the left atrium and left ventricle 1 __________ __________ Name: Circulatory System 3 – Blood Vessels 1. Arteries: Carry oxygenated Arteries are surrounded by smooth muscle and are under high blood __away_____ from the pressure heart and to the regions of the body. a. Dorsal aorta: carries blood _away____ from the heart to various regions of the body. b. Pulmonary Artery: Connects the heart with your lungs to supply blood with oxygen. 2. Veins: Carry deoxygenated Veins have one-way valves blood and waste materials from the __capillaries__ back to the heart. Capillaries are where materials move in/out of blood to/from the a. Superior Vena Cava cells of your body b. Inferior Vena Cava - smallest vessels in the body 3. Capillaries: Deliver blood to - lets one blood cell through at a time the body’s __tissue_ while taking away carbon dioxide Blood vessels go everywhere in the body and other waste products from the tissues. All cells need to be near a capillary 4 – Blood 1. Red Blood Cells 4 parts: (erythrocytes): Contain 1. RBC’s carry O2 and CO2 _hemoglobin___, which helps transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. 2. White Blood Cells 2. WBC’s defend the body (leukocytes): Carry antibodies and act as the body’s defense mechanism. 3. Platelets (thrombocytes): 3. Platelets help the blood clot Help blood form _clots____ and close up injured blood vessels. 4. Plasma: Fluid that carries the 4. Plasma is the fluid the other three float in red and ___white___ blood cells, platelets, waste - The location for dissolved nutrients and wastes products, and various other cells and substances through Blood Types: A, B, AB, and O the bloodstream. 2 __________ __________ Name: Circulatory System 5 – Anatomy Conclusion Without the circulatory system, all Keeps all other systems functional other systems would __not___ be able to function. Physiology Notes 6 – Physiology Introduction 1. Made up of ____3_________ smaller systems 3 major subsystems a. Pulmonary System: 1. Pulmonary – lungs Circulates blood between the heart and lungs. b. Coronary System: 2. Coronary – heart Provides __nutrients__ to the heart itself. c. Systemic System: 3. Systemic - body Transports __blood____ to and from the tissues of the body 7 – Pulmonary System a. This system links the lungs with Pulmonary System pumps oxygen poor blood to the lungs and the ___heart__________ and oxygen rich blood back transports blood from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart. - Contents of the arteries/veins are opposite the rest of the b. Pulmonary arteries: Carry oxygen body poor blood from the heart to the __lungs_______. c. Capillaries: Carry blood from the R Ventricle  lungs  L Atrium lungs to the arteries and veins. d. Pulmonary veins: Deliver oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the heart. 8 – Coronary System a. This system moves blood through the tissues of the __heart________. - Coronary means heart b. Coronary Arteries: Transport oxygen rich blood to the tissues of The arteries and veins on the surface of the heart that provide the heart. nutrients for the heart muscle itself 3 __________ __________ Name: Circulatory System c. Coronary Veins: Return the oxygen depleted blood back to the Blood from this system flows from the hole at the base of Aorta heart to the inferior Vena Cava 9 – Systemic System a. This system supplies _all___ the Systemic System provides blood to all other systems besides tissues of your body (with the heart and lungs exception of the heart and lungs) with oxygen and other nutrients. b. Blood vessels: deliver oxygen and Blood vessels deliver O2 and nutrients to tissues and remove CO2 nutrient rich blood to the tissues and wastes and _remove__ oxygen-depleted blood and waste. c. Blood flows into the kidneys When it flows through the kidneys, wastes are removed where waste is __filtered___ out before it is returned to the heart. d. Blood flows through the When it flows through the liver, sugar is removed and stored for ___Liver____ where sugar is later use filtered out and _stored____ it for later use. Common Ailments Notes 10 – Common Ailments Introduction 1. Common ailments affecting the circulatory system are: a. Cardiovascular 5 common (of many) ailments Disease - Angioplasty surgery demo b. Hypertension c. Deep Vein Thrombosis d. Sickle Cell Anemia e. Hemophilia 11 – Cardiovascular Disease Coronary Artery Disease - Narrowing/hardening of the arteries i. Narrowing of the arteries Can lead to heart attack or stroke that _feed______ the - Bypass surgery video heart, which can lead to a heart __attack______. ii. Myocardial infarction = heart attack. 12 – Stroke Occurs when a blood _clot_____ Stroke occurs in brain blocks a blood vessel or artery, or when a blood vessel __Breaks____, 4 __________ __________ Name: Circulatory System interrupting blood flow to an area of the brain. Risk factors: - 61 million Americans live with heart disease i. High blood pressure ii. High Cholesterol iii. Smoking iv. __drinking____ v. Drug Use vi. _Obesity_____ vii. Physical Inactivity viii. Diabetes ix. Stress x. Age xi. Gender xii. Race xiii. Heredity 13 – Hypertension a. Pressure flowing through your Hypertension = high blood pressure blood vessels is _high_______. b. Condition resulting in either an Silent killer – cholesterol (a type of lipid) can accumulate and increase in the amount of blood harden/block blood flow in arteries until it is suddenly blocked pumped by the heart or an increase in resistance of blood flow through the arteries. c. Systolic blood pressure: the Blood Pressure Sys/Dia (when heart is pushing/when heart is __pressure____ in the arteries resting) when the heart contracts, pushing - The force the blood pushes on the arteries from the blood out into the body. inside d. Diastolic blood pressure: the pressure in the arteries when the Measured in mmHg heart is filled with blood as it relaxes between beats. Normal is 120/80 e. Risk Factors: i. Smoking Two types of risk factors ii. Being - Those you can control __overweight______ iii. Alcohol iv. ___stress_______ v. Diet vi. Too much salt vii. Oral contraceptives (in some women) viii. Race ix. Heredity - Those you cannot control x. Age 5 __________ __________ Name: Circulatory System 14 – Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) a. Affects people who are Happens with immobility (eg: airplanes or hospitals) __immobile__________ for an extended period of time. Heart is not strong enough to move blood from feet to heart b. Occurs when a blood clot while standing develops __deep__ inside a vein - Gets assist from leg muscles and valves in veins of a person’s leg(s). c. If that blood clot gets loose and Blood clot forms in lower veins (feet) travels to the heart or lungs, it - Clot is when blood sticks to itself could be fatal. d. Can strike air travelers on long Can flow from legs through the heart and into the lungs flights. (pulmonary embolism) e. Symptoms: xiv. _Pain_________ xv. Tenderness xvi. _Swelling______ xvii. Discoloration xviii. Warmth in one leg but not the other 15 – Sickle Cell Anemia a. Red blood cell disorder that Only those who are born with it have it causes the normal __disc____ shaped blood cells to become crescent shaped. b. Defective hemoglobin causes sickle _cell______ anemia to occur. c. When Sickle cells travel through Red blood cells have defect of hemoglobin causing the soft small blood vessels they clog the squishy red blood cells to become elongated and hard __flow_____ and break apart. - These get stuck in capillaries and cause cells to die d. Can lead to other serious - Picture of two cells __medical____ problems such as increased infections, leg ulcers, bone damage, kidney damage, eye damage, and strokes. e. Inherited disease. 16 – Hemophilia a. Due to lack of blood clotting ___proteins________ naturally found in blood Can bleed easily – lack of blood clotting b. Prolonged bleeding due to an inability to form a firm clot c. Common sites of bleeding in Bruise is broken blood vessel on the inside of the body hemophiliacs are the joints and 6 __________ __________ Name: Circulatory System ___muscles_______ of the extremities. d. Rare disorder that primarily impacts males. Can only have it if you were born with it e. Genetic disorder that is __inherited___________. f. No cure but can be treated with Gene therapy can be a cure – not yet available proper medical attention. 17 – Common Ailments Conclusion 1. Keeping your circulatory Prevention of heart disease system functioning: 1. Nutrition a. Eat a healthy, low fat, 2. Regular exercise low salt diet 3. Good weight b. Exercise regularly 4. Avoid harmful substances (smoking, drugs, alcohol) c. Maintain a healthy __weight_______ d. Don’t drink alcohol or smoke 18 – Additional Double Column Notes Extra DCN’s Go here  Heart disease - Starts with habits in 7th grade - Accumulate over time – leads to cholesterol build up (plaque); eg coronary arteries Symptoms - Chest pain, fatigue, shortness of breath STEP 1 – Angioplasty (name of sample person) - A procedure for finding and possibly clearing clogged arteries using small tubes; 2 hour surgery, little recovery STEP 2 – if step 1 fails: Bypass Surgery - Take a vein from leg, inserting at heart to “go around” the clog; 4 hour surgery; long recovery Rhythm of the heart = Lub-Dub-Rest; if not you have arrhythmia Group of cells that initiate heart beat = pace maker - If they die from a heart attack, you need an artificial pacemaker If heart stops or goes into arrhythmia, you will need a defibrillator – a shock to the heart to jump start the rhythm again. (AED’s on campus) Pulmonary Embolism – Blood clots from legs enter the lungs 7 __________ __________