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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of arterioles?
What is the main function of arterioles?
What is the characteristic of cardiac muscle that allows it to contract in response to a stimulus?
What is the characteristic of cardiac muscle that allows it to contract in response to a stimulus?
What type of muscle is cardiac muscle?
What type of muscle is cardiac muscle?
What is the term for the transfer of cardiac impulses from the sinoatrial node to all the cardiac muscle?
What is the term for the transfer of cardiac impulses from the sinoatrial node to all the cardiac muscle?
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Which of the following is NOT a property of cardiac muscle?
Which of the following is NOT a property of cardiac muscle?
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What is the term for the ability of the cardiac muscle to respond to different stimuli?
What is the term for the ability of the cardiac muscle to respond to different stimuli?
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What is the function of venules?
What is the function of venules?
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What is the characteristic of cardiac muscle that allows it to beat regularly?
What is the characteristic of cardiac muscle that allows it to beat regularly?
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What is the primary function of the pulmonary circulation?
What is the primary function of the pulmonary circulation?
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What is the sequence of events in systemic circulation?
What is the sequence of events in systemic circulation?
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What is the primary function of the arteries?
What is the primary function of the arteries?
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What is the function of the circulation system?
What is the function of the circulation system?
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What is the heart?
What is the heart?
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What is the weight of the heart in women?
What is the weight of the heart in women?
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What is the size of the heart?
What is the size of the heart?
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What is the difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation?
What is the difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation?
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Study Notes
Circulation
- The transport system that circulates blood and lymph throughout the body has two types: pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation.
Pulmonary Circulation
- Carries blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs and back to the left atrium.
- In the lungs, carbon dioxide is excreted and oxygen is absorbed.
- Sequence: Right Ventricle of Heart → Pulmonary Arteries → Pulmonary Arterioles → Pulmonary Capillaries → Pulmonary Venules → Veins → Left Atrium of Heart.
Systemic or General Circulation
- Carries blood pumped out from the left ventricle around the body and returns it to the right atrium of the heart.
- Also known as general circulation or peripheral circulation.
- Supplies all tissues of the body except the lungs.
- Sequence: Left Ventricle of Heart → Aorta → Arteries → Arterioles → Capillaries → Venules → Veins → Vena Cave → Right Atrium of Heart.
Function of Circulation
- Transports nutrients to body tissues.
- Transports waste products away.
- Conducts hormones from one part of the body to another.
- Maintains an appropriate environment in all tissue fluids for optimal survival and function of cells.
Functional Parts of Circulation
Heart
- A roughly cone-shaped hollow muscular organ.
- About 10 cm long and the size of a person's fist.
- Weighs about 225g in women and heavier in men.
Arteries
- Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart (except pulmonary and umbilical arteries).
- Function: transport blood under high pressure to tissues.
- Have strong vascular walls and blood flows at a high velocity.
Arterioles
- Smaller branches of arteries delivering blood to capillaries.
- Play a key role in regulating blood flow from arteries into capillaries.
Capillaries
- Diffuse networks of blood vessels connecting arterioles and venules.
- Found in almost every cell in the body.
- Distribution varies with tissue activity (e.g., rich capillary supply in muscles, liver, kidneys, lungs, and nervous system).
Venules
- Connect capillaries with veins.
- Collect blood from capillaries and gradually combine into larger veins.
Veins
- Carry blood towards the heart (except pulmonary and umbilical veins).
Properties of Cardiac Muscle
- Two groups:
- Beating Heart: Automaticity, Rhythmicity, Contractibility, Excitability, Conductivity, Distensibility, Functional Syncitium, Long Refractory Period, Extrasystole & Compensatory Pause.
- Quiescent Heart: All Or None Law, The Staircase Phenomenon, Length-Tension Relationship, Summation Of Subminimal Stimuli.
Nature of Cardiac Muscle
- Involuntary in function and striated in appearance.
- Automaticity: capability of contracting even in the absence of neural control.
- Rhythmicity: heart beats are extremely regular.
- Contractibility: contracts in response to a stimulus in the presence of ATP and calcium ion.
- Excitability: ability to respond to different stimuli.
- Conductivity: transfer of cardiac impulses from the sinoatrial node to all cardiac muscle.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the circulation system, including pulmonary and systemic circulation, and the path of blood and lymph throughout the body.
