16 Questions
What is the primary function of the pulmonary circuit?
Supply oxygen-poor blood to the lungs
What is the largest blood vessel in the heart?
Aorta
What is the function of the SA node in the heart?
To act as the pacemaker of the heart
What is the main component of plasma in blood?
Water
What is the function of phagocytes in the immune system?
To engulf bacteria and foreign proteins
What is the primary function of red blood cells?
To transport oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
What is unique about the aorta in terms of blood pressure?
It has the highest pressure
How do oxygen and carbon dioxide cross capillary walls?
Through diffusion
What is the primary function of the circulatory system?
To transport O2 and other nutrients to body cells and transport CO2 and other body wastes from cells
What is the fluid matrix of blood called?
Plasma
What is the function of the pulmonary artery?
Carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the lungs
What is the purpose of the tricuspid valve?
To let blood fill the right atrium before entering the right ventricle
What is the term for the network of capillaries?
Capillary bed
What is the difference between a single circulation and a double circulation?
Single circulation goes to the heart after each circuit, while double circulation goes to the rest of the body before returning to the heart
What is the purpose of the atrium?
To receive blood from the veins
What is the difference between oxygen-rich blood and oxygen-poor blood?
Oxygen-rich blood is red, while oxygen-poor blood is blue
Study Notes
Circulatory System
- Transports oxygen and other nutrients to body cells and transports carbon dioxide and other body wastes from cells
- Regulates body temperature, fight disease, and exchanges fluids with lymphatic system
Heart
- Pumps blood through vessels throughout the body
Blood
- A type of connective tissue with a fluid matrix called plasma
- Composed of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets suspended in plasma
Blood Vessels
- Three types: arteries, veins, and capillaries
- Artery: carries oxygenated blood from heart to other parts of body, except for pulmonary artery
- Vein: returns deoxygenated blood from other parts of body to heart, except for pulmonary vein
- Capillary: thin blood vessel that conveys blood between an arteriole and a venule, enables exchange of nutrients and dissolved gases
Heart Valves
- Tricuspid valve: lets blood fill right atrium before entering right ventricle
- Mitral valve (bicuspid): lets blood fill in left atrium before entering left ventricle
- Pulmonary valve: lets right ventricle fill before blood enters pulmonary artery
- Aortic valve: lets blood fill in left ventricle before sending it to aorta
Cardiovascular System
- Closed circulatory system with heart, capillaries, arteries, and veins
- Atrium: receives blood from veins
- Ventricle: pumps blood out of heart
Blood Circulation
- Red blood is oxygen-rich, blue blood is oxygen-poor
- Arteriole: vessel that conveys blood between an artery and a capillary bed
- Capillary bed: network of capillaries
- Venule: vessel that conveys blood between a capillary bed and a vein
- Single circulation: blood goes to rest of the body before returning to the heart
- Double circulation: blood passes through heart after each circuit, with separate pulmonary and systemic circuits
Pulmonary and Systemic Circuits
- Pulmonary circuit: supplies lungs
- Systemic circuit: brings oxygen-rich blood to and oxygen-poor blood away from organs and tissue
Major Blood Vessels
- Pulmonary arteries: vessel that conveys blood from heart to lung
- Pulmonary veins: vessel that conveys blood from lung to heart
- Aorta: artery that conveys blood from left ventricle to other arteries, largest blood vessel in heart
- Ascending aorta: brings oxygenated blood to upper body
- Descending aorta: brings oxygenated blood to lower body
- Superior vena cava: vein that returns oxygen-poor blood to the heart from the upper body and head
Cardiac Cycle
- Contractions and relaxations of heart
- Diastole: heart is relaxed
- Systole: heart contracts
- SA node: pacemaker of heart
- A node: where electrical impulses are delayed for 0.1 seconds before spreading to ventricles and causing them to contract
Blood Flow Regulation
- Precapillary sphincters: regulate flow of blood into capillary beds
Blood Composition
- Plasma: liquid matrix of blood, 90% water, and electrolytes, plasma proteins act as buffers and help maintain osmotic balance
- Suspended in plasma: platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells
- White blood cells: function in fighting infections, phagocytes engulf bacteria, foreign proteins, and remains of dead body cells
- Red blood cells: contain hemoglobin, transport oxygen, help rid of CO2 and wastes
Other Facts
- Aorta has highest pressure
- Veins have valves, not arteries
- Oxygen and carbon dioxide cross capillary walls via diffusion
Learn about the functions of the circulatory system, including transportation of oxygen and nutrients, removal of waste, and regulation of body temperature. Understand the role of the heart, blood, and vessels in this system.
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