Circulatory System Basics

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the pulmonary circuit?

Regulate blood pressure in the heart

Supply oxygen-poor blood to the lungs (correct)

Remove waste from the body

Supply oxygen-rich blood to organs and tissue

What is the largest blood vessel in the heart?

Ascending aorta

Pulmonary artery

Superior vena cava

Aorta (correct)

What is the function of the SA node in the heart?

To regulate blood pressure

To control blood flow to the lungs

To pump blood throughout the body

To act as the pacemaker of the heart (correct)

What is the main component of plasma in blood?

Water Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of phagocytes in the immune system?

To engulf bacteria and foreign proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of red blood cells?

To transport oxygen and remove carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the aorta in terms of blood pressure?

It has the highest pressure Signup and view all the answers

How do oxygen and carbon dioxide cross capillary walls?

Through diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the circulatory system?

To transport O2 and other nutrients to body cells and transport CO2 and other body wastes from cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the fluid matrix of blood called?

Plasma Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pulmonary artery?

Carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the tricuspid valve?

To let blood fill the right atrium before entering the right ventricle Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the network of capillaries?

Capillary bed Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a single circulation and a double circulation?

Single circulation goes to the heart after each circuit, while double circulation goes to the rest of the body before returning to the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the atrium?

To receive blood from the veins Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between oxygen-rich blood and oxygen-poor blood?

Oxygen-rich blood is red, while oxygen-poor blood is blue Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Circulatory System

Transports oxygen and other nutrients to body cells and transports carbon dioxide and other body wastes from cells
Regulates body temperature, fight disease, and exchanges fluids with lymphatic system

Heart

Pumps blood through vessels throughout the body

Blood

A type of connective tissue with a fluid matrix called plasma
Composed of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets suspended in plasma

Blood Vessels

Three types: arteries, veins, and capillaries
Artery: carries oxygenated blood from heart to other parts of body, except for pulmonary artery
Vein: returns deoxygenated blood from other parts of body to heart, except for pulmonary vein
Capillary: thin blood vessel that conveys blood between an arteriole and a venule, enables exchange of nutrients and dissolved gases

Heart Valves

Tricuspid valve: lets blood fill right atrium before entering right ventricle
Mitral valve (bicuspid): lets blood fill in left atrium before entering left ventricle
Pulmonary valve: lets right ventricle fill before blood enters pulmonary artery
Aortic valve: lets blood fill in left ventricle before sending it to aorta

Cardiovascular System

Closed circulatory system with heart, capillaries, arteries, and veins
Atrium: receives blood from veins
Ventricle: pumps blood out of heart

Blood Circulation

Red blood is oxygen-rich, blue blood is oxygen-poor
Arteriole: vessel that conveys blood between an artery and a capillary bed
Capillary bed: network of capillaries
Venule: vessel that conveys blood between a capillary bed and a vein
Single circulation: blood goes to rest of the body before returning to the heart
Double circulation: blood passes through heart after each circuit, with separate pulmonary and systemic circuits

Pulmonary and Systemic Circuits

Pulmonary circuit: supplies lungs
Systemic circuit: brings oxygen-rich blood to and oxygen-poor blood away from organs and tissue

Major Blood Vessels

Pulmonary arteries: vessel that conveys blood from heart to lung
Pulmonary veins: vessel that conveys blood from lung to heart
Aorta: artery that conveys blood from left ventricle to other arteries, largest blood vessel in heart
Ascending aorta: brings oxygenated blood to upper body
Descending aorta: brings oxygenated blood to lower body
Superior vena cava: vein that returns oxygen-poor blood to the heart from the upper body and head

Cardiac Cycle

Contractions and relaxations of heart
Diastole: heart is relaxed
Systole: heart contracts
SA node: pacemaker of heart
A node: where electrical impulses are delayed for 0.1 seconds before spreading to ventricles and causing them to contract

Blood Flow Regulation

Precapillary sphincters: regulate flow of blood into capillary beds

Blood Composition

Plasma: liquid matrix of blood, 90% water, and electrolytes, plasma proteins act as buffers and help maintain osmotic balance
Suspended in plasma: platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells
White blood cells: function in fighting infections, phagocytes engulf bacteria, foreign proteins, and remains of dead body cells
Red blood cells: contain hemoglobin, transport oxygen, help rid of CO2 and wastes

Other Facts

Aorta has highest pressure
Veins have valves, not arteries
Oxygen and carbon dioxide cross capillary walls via diffusion

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Description

Learn about the functions of the circulatory system, including transportation of oxygen and nutrients, removal of waste, and regulation of body temperature. Understand the role of the heart, blood, and vessels in this system.