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Questions and Answers
Where is the human heart located?
Where is the human heart located?
What separates the right and left atria of the heart?
What separates the right and left atria of the heart?
Which valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle?
Which valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle?
What type of tissue is the heart derived from?
What type of tissue is the heart derived from?
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What is the function of the sino-atrial node (SAN)?
What is the function of the sino-atrial node (SAN)?
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What happens during ventricular systole?
What happens during ventricular systole?
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What is the size of the human heart?
What is the size of the human heart?
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What prevents the backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium?
What prevents the backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium?
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What increases the pressure inside the atria during atrial systole?
What increases the pressure inside the atria during atrial systole?
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Which of the following structures is not part of the cardiac cycle?
Which of the following structures is not part of the cardiac cycle?
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Study Notes
Human Circulatory System
- Consists of a muscular chambered heart, a network of closed branching blood vessels, and blood
- The fluid which is circulated is blood
Heart
- Located in the thoracic cavity, between the two lungs, slightly tilted to the left
- Size of a clenched fist
- Protected by a double-walled membranous bag called pericardium, enclosing pericardial fluid
- Has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles
- Atria are smaller upper chambers, while ventricles are larger lower chambers
- Inter-atrial septum separates the right and left atria
- Inter-ventricular septum separates the left and right ventricles
- Atrio-ventricular septum separates the atrium and ventricle of the same side
- Openings between the chambers are guarded by valves: tricuspid valve (three muscular flaps) and bicuspid or mitral valve (two muscular flaps)
Cardiac Cycle
- Blood circulates through the four chambers of the heart during one cardiac cycle
- Atrial contraction (systole) occurs while ventricles relax (diastole)
- Atrial diastole is the stage where pulmonary veins and superior vena cava empty into the atria
- Sino-atrial node (SAN) stimulates both atria to contract, increasing pressure inside the atria by about 30%
- Action potential from SAN propagates through AVN and AV bundle, stimulating ventricles to contract
- Ventricular contraction (systole) causes semilunar valves to open, forcing blood to leave the ventricles
- Ventricular diastole coincides with atrial systole, increasing ventricular pressure and causing blood to flow from atria into ventricles
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Description
Quiz about the human circulatory system, including the heart and blood vessels.
