Podcast
Questions and Answers
If a blood clot were to form in the brachiocephalic artery, which of the following arteries would be directly affected?
If a blood clot were to form in the brachiocephalic artery, which of the following arteries would be directly affected?
- Right common carotid artery (correct)
- Left common carotid artery
- Left vertebral artery
- Right internal carotid artery
A patient presents with a fracture at the base of the skull affecting the foramen magnum. Which artery is most at risk of being damaged?
A patient presents with a fracture at the base of the skull affecting the foramen magnum. Which artery is most at risk of being damaged?
- Facial artery
- Vertebral artery (correct)
- Internal carotid artery
- External carotid artery
What is the functional consequence if both internal carotid arteries are severely blocked?
What is the functional consequence if both internal carotid arteries are severely blocked?
- The dura mater will not receive blood.
- The venous drainage of the brain will be compromised.
- The face and scalp will not receive blood.
- The brain's blood supply will be solely dependent on the vertebral arteries. (correct)
A lesion in the carotid sheath could directly affect which of the following structures?
A lesion in the carotid sheath could directly affect which of the following structures?
Following a traumatic injury to the head, a patient exhibits impaired blood supply to the inner parts of the cranium. Which artery is most likely affected?
Following a traumatic injury to the head, a patient exhibits impaired blood supply to the inner parts of the cranium. Which artery is most likely affected?
Which of the following arteries is a direct branch of the external carotid artery and supplies blood to the face?
Which of the following arteries is a direct branch of the external carotid artery and supplies blood to the face?
A surgeon needs to access the sigmoid sinus during a surgical procedure. Which of the following best describes the sigmoid sinus?
A surgeon needs to access the sigmoid sinus during a surgical procedure. Which of the following best describes the sigmoid sinus?
Which arteries directly contribute to the formation of the Cerebral Arterial Circle (Circle of Willis)?
Which arteries directly contribute to the formation of the Cerebral Arterial Circle (Circle of Willis)?
What could be a result if the transverse sinus is blocked?
What could be a result if the transverse sinus is blocked?
Which vein is formed by the union of the retromandibular vein and the posterior auricular vein?
Which vein is formed by the union of the retromandibular vein and the posterior auricular vein?
Where does the facial vein primarily drain?
Where does the facial vein primarily drain?
A patient presents with a neck injury that severs the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Which venous structure would be most at risk due to its superficial location to this muscle?
A patient presents with a neck injury that severs the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Which venous structure would be most at risk due to its superficial location to this muscle?
Through which opening in the skull does the middle meningeal artery pass?
Through which opening in the skull does the middle meningeal artery pass?
Which sinus forms the superior margin of the falx cerebri?
Which sinus forms the superior margin of the falx cerebri?
The vertebral artery originates from which major artery?
The vertebral artery originates from which major artery?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the internal carotid artery as it travels through the neck?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the internal carotid artery as it travels through the neck?
Which describes the path of the vertebral arteries as they ascend in the neck?
Which describes the path of the vertebral arteries as they ascend in the neck?
What is the direct result of the internal jugular vein uniting with the subclavian vein?
What is the direct result of the internal jugular vein uniting with the subclavian vein?
What area is supplied by the terminal branches of the External Carotid Artery?
What area is supplied by the terminal branches of the External Carotid Artery?
If a patient has a blockage in the superior sagittal sinus, what is the most likely immediate consequence?
If a patient has a blockage in the superior sagittal sinus, what is the most likely immediate consequence?
What is the clinical significance of the Cerebral Arterial Circle (Circle of Willis)?
What is the clinical significance of the Cerebral Arterial Circle (Circle of Willis)?
Through which structure does the internal carotid artery enter the skull?
Through which structure does the internal carotid artery enter the skull?
A patient has restricted blood flow to the outside of the cranium. Which artery is most likely affected?
A patient has restricted blood flow to the outside of the cranium. Which artery is most likely affected?
A stab wound to the neck damages a major vein that drains the dural venous sinuses of the brain. Which vein is most likely affected?
A stab wound to the neck damages a major vein that drains the dural venous sinuses of the brain. Which vein is most likely affected?
Which artery supplies blood to the dura mater, specifically through the foramen spinosum?
Which artery supplies blood to the dura mater, specifically through the foramen spinosum?
Flashcards
Common Carotid Artery (CCA)
Common Carotid Artery (CCA)
The artery that arises from the arch of the aorta or the brachiocephalic trunk and divides in the neck into the external and internal carotid arteries.
Brachiocephalic Artery
Brachiocephalic Artery
A branch of the brachiocephalic artery/trunk only on the right side.
Vertebral Artery
Vertebral Artery
Arises from the subclavian artery, passes through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae, and enters the skull through the foramen magnum to supply the brain.
Internal Carotid Artery
Internal Carotid Artery
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External Carotid Artery
External Carotid Artery
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Cerebral Arterial Circle (Circle of Willis)
Cerebral Arterial Circle (Circle of Willis)
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Basilar Artery
Basilar Artery
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Facial Artery
Facial Artery
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Middle Meningeal Artery
Middle Meningeal Artery
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Superior Sagittal Sinus
Superior Sagittal Sinus
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Transverse Sinus
Transverse Sinus
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Sigmoid Sinus
Sigmoid Sinus
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Internal Jugular Vein
Internal Jugular Vein
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External Jugular Vein
External Jugular Vein
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External Jugular Vein
External Jugular Vein
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Study Notes
- The concept is circulation of the head and neck
Objectives
- Arterial supply to the neck, head, and brain are key areas of focus
- Venous drainage of the brain, head, and neck are key areas of focus
Arterial Supply to Head and Brain
- The two main sources for blood supply to the head are the Common Carotid Artery(CCA) and Vertebral Artery
Common Carotid Artery (CCA)
- The left CCA branches from the Arch of the Aorta (AA)
- The right CCA branches from the Brachiocephalic (BC) artery/trunk
- It is located within the Carotid Sheath with the Internal Jugular V and Vagus N
Vertebral Artery:
- The left and right vertebral arteries originate from the Subclavian Artery
- They pass through the C6-C1 transverse foramen
- They also pass through the foramen magnum
Common Carotid Artery Branches
- Each Common Carotid Artery branches into the Internal and External Carotid arteries
Internal Carotid Artery
- Supplies the inside of cranium
- Passes through the Carotid Canal
- It does not branch as it travels through the neck
External Carotid Artery
- Supplies the outside of the cranium
- Branches details are covered later
Blood Supply to Brain
- All blood to the brain comes from the two Internal Carotid Arteries (ICA) and the two Vertebral Arteries
- The ICA enters the skull through the carotid canal and contributes directly to the Cerebral Arterial Circle, also known as the Circle of Willis
- Vertebral arteries enter the skull by passing through the Foramen Magnum,
- The two vertebral arteries join to become the Basilar Artery, which contributes to the Cerebral Arterial Circle otherwise known as the Circle of Willis
Blood Supply to Cranium
- The External Carotid Artery (ECA) supplies all blood to the face, neck, scalp, and thyroid
Branches of External Carotid Artery (in order moving superiorly)
- Superior Thyroid Artery
- Lingual Artery
- Ascending Pharyngeal Artery
- Facial Artery
- Occipital Artery
- Posterior Auricular Artery The terminal branches are:
- Maxillary Artery
- Superficial Temporal Artery
Blood Supply to Dura Mater
- Middle Meningeal Artery is a branch of the External Carotid Artery and courses through the Foramen Spinosum
Venous Drainage
- Venous drainage concerns the brain, head and neck
Dural Venous Sinuses include:
- Superior Sagittal Sinus, forms superior margin of falx cerebri
- Transverse Sinus, forms outer margin of tentorium cerebelli
- Sigmoid Sinus, directs blood into the Internal Jugular Vein at the Jugular Foramen
Internal Jugular Vein
- It is formed at the Jugular Foramen
- Drains the dural venous sinuses of the brain
- It collects smaller veins as it descends, such as the Facial Vein
- It is deep to the Sternocleidomastoid muscle
- It runs within the Carotid Sheath, along with the Common Carotid Artery and Vagus Nerve
- Posterior to the clavicle, it unites with the Subclavian Vein to form the Brachiocephalic Vein
External Jugular Vein:
- Formed by the union of the Retromandibular Vein and Posterior Auricular Vein
- Drains superficial structures of the scalp and face
- Superficial to the Sternocleidomastoid
- Terminates in the Subclavian Vein
Facial Vein:
- Drains superficial structures of the face
- Drains to the External Jugular Vein
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