Arterial and Venous Supply of Head and Neck

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Questions and Answers

Which artery supplies the superficial region of the cheeks and lips?

Facial A (correct)

Ascending pharyngeal A

Maxillary A

Occipital A

What is the primary venous drainage for the region of the forehead and scalp?

Retromandibular V

Posterior Auricular V

Facial V (correct)

Pterygoid plexus

Which artery is responsible for the supply to the orbit and eyeball?

Superficial temporal A

Superior thyroid A

Post Auricular A

Ophthalmic A (correct)

Which artery supplies the deeper structures of the facial region, including the maxilla?

Maxillary A Signup and view all the answers

Which vein serves the area behind the auricle and the external ear?

Posterior Auricular V Signup and view all the answers

Which vein is NOT a contributor to the cavernous sinus?

Superficial temporal vein Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the temporalis muscle?

CN Vc Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies the deep temporal nerves?

Maxillary artery Signup and view all the answers

Which ganglion is responsible for parasympathetic innervation to the lacrimal gland?

Pterygopalatine ganglion Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is NOT found in the infratemporal fossa?

Zygomaticotemporal nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nerves carries both sensory and parasympathetic fibers?

Chorda tympani Signup and view all the answers

Which triangle of the neck contains the thyroid and parathyroid glands?

Muscular triangle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the greater palatine nerve?

Sensory innervation to the hard palate Signup and view all the answers

Which artery primarily supplies the posterior scalp and some neck muscles?

Occipital A Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following veins is involved in draining the deep face and infratemporal fossa?

Pterygoid plexus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the maxillary artery?

Supplies deeper structures such as the maxilla and mandible Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is responsible for supplying the superficial temporal region and parts of the lateral face?

Superficial temporal A Signup and view all the answers

Which artery provides the blood supply to the orbit, eyeball, forehead, and nose?

Ophthalmic A Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is primarily associated with the supply to the submandibular and sublingual glands?

Chorda tympani Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is NOT a component of the pterygopalatine fossa?

Chorda tympani nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which fossa contains the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles?

Infratemporal fossa Signup and view all the answers

The auriculotemporal nerve is responsible for which type of innervation to the parotid gland?

Both sensory and parasympathetic Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the pterygoid plexus?

Venous drainage Signup and view all the answers

Which ganglion provides innervation to the ciliary muscles and sphincter pupillae?

Ciliary ganglion Signup and view all the answers

The lesser petrosal nerve is associated with which gland?

Parotid gland Signup and view all the answers

Which triangle of the neck is known for containing the phrenic nerve?

Supraclavicular triangle Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Arterial Supply of the Head and Neck

External Carotid Artery (ECA): Supplies the superficial structures of the head and neck.
- Branches: ascending pharyngeal artery, superior thyroid artery, superior laryngeal artery, lingual artery, facial artery (supplies cheeks, lips, nose, median eye corner), occipital artery (supplies posterior scalp and neck muscles (SCM, Cervical muscles)), posterior auricular artery (supplies external and middle ear and behind the ear), maxillary artery (supplies deeper structures like infratemporal fossa, maxilla and mandible - all teeth, nasal cavity, palatine, and inner cheeks), and superficial temporal artery (supplies temporal region of the scalp, lateral face, parotid gland and duct).
Internal Carotid Artery (ICA): Supplies the deeper structures, including the brain.
- Ophthalmic artery: supplies the orbit, eyeball, forehead, and nose.

Venous Drainage of the Face

Superficial Veins:
- Facial vein: (drains cheeks, lips, eyelids, conjunctiva, forehead, and scalp) - drains into the internal jugular (IJ) or external jugular (EJ) vein
- Retromandibular vein: drains lateral face and deep structures of the face (maxilla) - drains into the IJ or EJ vein.
- Posterior auricular vein: drains posterior to the auricle and external ear - drains into the EJ vein.
Deep Veins:
- Pterygoid plexus: drains deep face, infratemporal fossa, maxillary region, and pharynx; joins with other veins, including inferior ophthalmic, cavernous sinus, maxillary (retromandibular), and facial vein.
- Ophthalmic veins: (superior and inferior; drain orbit, ethmoid sinus, and forehead).

Fossae and Their Contents

Temporal Fossa: Contains the temporalis muscle, branches of the trigeminal nerve (CN V), deep temporal nerves, deep temporal artery (branch from maxillary artery), and zygomaticotemporal nerve (branch of CN V).
Infratemporal Fossa: Contains the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles, branches of the trigeminal nerve (CN V), chorda tympani (CN VII), lesser petrosal nerve (CN IX), maxillary artery, and pterygoid plexus of veins.
Pterygopalatine Fossa: Contains nerves that don't synapse with ganglion (CN Vb - sensory), deep petrosal nerve (SNS), nerves into ganglion (greater petrosal nerve [PSNS from CN VII], deep petrosal nerve [SNS]), nerves coming out of the ganglion (greater and lesser palatine nerves, nasopalatine nerve, sphenopalatine foramen, pharyngeal branch), and branches to the orbit via inferior orbital fissure.

Salivary Glands Innervation

Parasympathetic Ganglia:
- Ciliary ganglion (CN III, eye muscles)
- Pterygopalatine ganglion (CN VII, lacrimal gland, nasal and paranasal mucosa)
- Submandibular ganglion (submandibular and sublingual glands)
- Otic ganglion (CN IX, parotid gland)
Parotid Gland: PSNS from CN IX → lesser petrosal (IX) → otic ganglion → auriculotemporal (CN V3), sensory from CN V; SNS from superior cervical ganglion.
Submandibular and Sublingual Glands: PSNS from CN VII → chorda tympani (VII) → lingual (CN V3) → submandibular ganglion, sensory from CN V; SNS from superior cervical ganglion.

Triangles of the Neck

Submental Triangle: Contains lymph nodes, superficial veins.
Submandibular Triangle: Contains submandibular gland, CN XII, facial artery and vein, lymph nodes.
Carotid Triangle: Contains nerves (CN X, XI, XII, and ansa cervicalis), bifurcation of common carotid artery, internal jugular vein tributaries.
Muscular Triangle: Contains infrahyoid muscles, thyroid and parathyroid glands, pharynx, and larynx.
Supraclavicular Triangle: Contains scalene muscles, trunks of brachial plexus, phrenic nerves, subclavian vessels, occipital branches of cervical plexus, CN XI, lymph nodes.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the arterial and venous systems supplying the head and neck, including details about the external and internal carotid arteries, their branches, and the venous drainage of the face. Test your knowledge on the anatomical structures involved in these critical systems.