Ciclo Celular: Fases e Importancia

Study Notes

Ciclo Celular

El ciclo celular es un proceso ordenado que involucra la crecimiento y la división de las células para producir dos células idénticas genéticamente. Este proceso está dividido en dos fases principales: la interfase y la fase mitótica.

Interfase

La interfase es la primera parte del ciclo celular, donde la célula crece y el ADN se replica. Esta fase se divide en tres etapas: G1, S, y G2.

Fase G1

During the G1 phase, the cell grows and prepares for DNA replication. It's a highly active phase at a biochemical level, although little changes are visible under the microscope. During this time, the cell synthesizes proteins necessary for DNA replication, repairs any damage to its DNA, and ensures that conditions are suitable for the next stages of the cell cycle.

Fase S

In the S phase, the cell's DNA is completely replicated. Double helix molecules, known as chromatin, start to show signs of condensation, eventually becoming dense enough to appear as discrete bodies called chromosomes when viewed through a light microscope.

Fase G2

The G2 phase is the second part of the interphase where the cell continues to grow and prepare for the upcoming fase mitotic. In this phase, the cell replenishes its energy reserves, synthesizes additional proteins needed for cell division, and checks whether the conditions are right for cell division to proceed successfully.

Fase Mitótica (Mitosis)

Once the interfase is complete, the cell enters the fase mitótica, where the cell's genetic material and cytoplasmic components are partitioned into two identical daughter cells.

Probase

During prophase, the nucleoli disappear, the chromatin condenses, and mitotic spindles begin to form. Centrosomes move towards opposite ends of the cell, and structures called microtubules extend between them, helping to push the chromosomes apart.

Metafase

In metaphase, chromosomes align along a line called the metaphase plate, with their centromeres positioned equidistant from both poles of the cell. Spindle fibers attach to the kinetochores located at the centromeres, allowing the chromosomes to move along the spindle toward their respective poles.

Anafase

In anaphase, sister chromatids separate and move to opposite sides of the cell, guided by the spindle fibers attached to their kinetochores. Each pole of the cell receives an equal number of chromatids, ensuring that the resulting daughter cells receive an identical set of genes.

Telofase

Telophase marks the completion of mitosis. New nuclear envelopes form around the separated chromatids, and the spindle fibers start to disassemble. The chromatin begins to relax and return to its less condensed state, ready for transcription and translation by the cell's machinery.

Citocinesis

After the nuclear divisions of mitosis, the process of cytokinesis biologically severs the mother cell and gives rise to two physically distinct daughter cells. During citocinesis, the cell membrane pinches inward to form a cleavage furrow or contractile ring, separating the cytoplasm and creating two separate cells.

Description

Aprende sobre el ciclo celular, proceso fundamental que regula el crecimiento y división celulares. Conoce en detalle las fases de la interfase, mitosis y citocinesis, así como la importancia de cada etapa en la reproducción celular.