Church History Unit 4 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is Scholasticism?

Scholasticism is the system of theology and philosophy exercised in Medieval universities based on Ancient Greek knowledge and writings of the early church fathers.

Which university became the most famous during the Medieval Period?

The University of Paris.

Which university became known for its study of jurisprudence?

The University of Bologna.

What did the guild system and independence from authorities create on the university campus?

An environment of uninhibited inquiry and explorations into all aspects of learning. Signup and view all the answers

What was St. Thomas Aquinas' largest work, and what were two topics it addressed?

Summa Theologiae, which addressed the existence of God and Christ's divinity, as well as Christian morality. Signup and view all the answers

Until St. Thomas Aquinas, which Greek philosopher had given the philosophical framework for Christianity?

Aristotle and Plato. Signup and view all the answers

Why did Aristotle need to be 'rediscovered'?

Many Christians dismissed his teachings, fearing conflict with Christianity, and much of his work was not known in the west. Signup and view all the answers

Why is St. Thomas' work so valuable to the Christian tradition?

It demonstrates an unprecedented, thorough understanding of God's works and laws. Signup and view all the answers

What was St. Francis' dream as a young man, and how did he live?

He dreamed of fighting in the Crusades, lived indulgently, but later abandoned material possessions to preach the Gospel. Signup and view all the answers

What order oversees many of the holy shrines in the Holy Land?

The Franciscan order. Signup and view all the answers

What heresy did the Dominicans set out to correct?

The Albigensian heresy. Signup and view all the answers

What was the legacy of the mendicant friars?

They left a legacy of powerful renewal among European Catholics, emphasizing devotion to the Eucharist and education. Signup and view all the answers

What architectural innovations were developed for Gothic churches?

Flying buttresses, ribbed vaulting, and pointed arches. Signup and view all the answers

Define Gallicanism.

Gallicanism is the idea that Catholic clergy in France favored the restriction of the papacy and administrative autonomy. Signup and view all the answers

How did St. Joan of Arc give new hope to the French?

Through battles, she turned the tide of the Hundred Years War in favor of the French. Signup and view all the answers

What did Wycliffe criticize?

The secular practices and material possessions of the Church. Signup and view all the answers

What did Hus criticize?

The abuses of the clergy and the authority of the Church. Signup and view all the answers

When did Constantinople fall?

1453 CE. Signup and view all the answers

Who was St. Thomas Moore?

A British chancellor who resigned due to disagreements with King Henry VIII. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Scholasticism and Medieval Universities

Scholasticism is a theological and philosophical system developed in Medieval universities, influenced by Ancient Greek philosophy and early church writings.
The University of Paris stood out as the most renowned university during the Medieval Period due to its esteemed faculty and student body.
The University of Bologna became distinguished for its focus on jurisprudence, examining the philosophy of law.

Influence of Guilds and Intellectual Independence

The emergence of guilds and independence from ecclesiastical or secular authorities promoted an environment of free inquiry and expansive learning.

St. Thomas Aquinas and Philosophy

St. Thomas Aquinas' major work, Summa Theologiae, covers vital issues such as the existence of God and Christian morality.
Prior to Aquinas, Aristotle and Plato shaped the philosophical understanding of Christian theology.
Aristotle's teachings needed revival due to concerns about compatibility with Christianity, leading Aquinas to demonstrate their relevance for theological exploration.

Significance of St. Thomas Aquinas

Aquinas' contributions provided a deep and systematic comprehension of divine laws and truths, enriching Christian thought and tradition.

Life and Mission of St. Francis

Initially aspiring to be a warrior, St. Francis experienced a change of heart, choosing to live in poverty and dedicate himself to preaching the Gospel.

Franciscan Order and Its Role

The Franciscan order is responsible for the stewardship of numerous holy sites in the Holy Land.

Mendicant Friars and Their Impact

Dominicans emerged to counter the Albigensian heresy and promote orthodox beliefs.
The Mendicant Friars significantly revitalized the Catholic Church during periods of heresy, emphasizing the Eucharist, education, and fostering cultural achievements in the arts and learning.

Gothic Architecture Innovations

Key architectural advancements for gothic churches included flying buttresses, ribbed vaulting, and pointed arches, which allowed for taller structures and larger windows.

Gallicanism and Religious Authority

Gallicanism represents the perspective among French clergy advocating for the limitation of papal power and greater national autonomy in Church governance.

St. Joan of Arc's Contributions

St. Joan of Arc revitalized French morale during the Hundred Years War with her leadership and commitment to divine guidance, symbolizing national unity.

Criticism of Church Practices

John Wycliffe criticized the secular influences and material excesses within the Church, while Jan Hus targeted clerical abuses and the institution’s authority.

Historical Context

The fall of Constantinople in 1453 CE marked a significant turning point in history, impacting Christian and Muslim relations.

St. Thomas Moore

St. Thomas Moore, a British chancellor, resigned from his position in protest against King Henry VIII's policies, illustrating tension between loyalty and conscience.

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Description

Test your knowledge with these flashcards on Church History, focusing on key concepts from Unit 4. Explore the ideas of Scholasticism and the significance of the University of Paris during the Medieval Period.