Chronic Stable Angina - Therapeutics Overview

<p>Macrophage-released substances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diabetes mellitus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thickness of the fibrous cap (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myocardial infarction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical inactivity increases the risk of IHD. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A heterogenous group of conditions including both obstructive and non-obstructive CAD. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An inability to sufficiently increase coronary blood flow to meet increased myocardial oxygen demand. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent platelet adhesion to the stent until endothelialization occurs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>History of major intracranial surgery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pulmonary embolism. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They experience significant bleeding complications. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Angina pectoris. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transient myocardial ischemia occurring with increased oxygen demand. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Experiencing ischemic heart disease without bleeding issues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coronary blood flow increases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prior bleeding episodes while on DAPT (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plaque formation causes coronary artery stenosis, restricting blood flow. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chest discomfort due to compromised blood supply to the myocardium. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aspirin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aspirin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beta-Blocker (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patient's medical history (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diltiazem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ClinCalc website (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ranolazine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isosorbide mononitrate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Top Drugs page on the Drake Library website (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patient counseling points (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vasoconstriction or spasm of a coronary artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Class I (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prior PCI (A), Age &gt;= 75 (B), Current cigarette smoker (C), Heart failure or LVEF (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They lack classical risk factors for ischemic heart disease. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Used after 12 months of event-free period (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent acute coronary syndrome and death (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>History of recurrent angina (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Class IV (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severity of angina symptoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patients aged 65-75 are considered at moderate risk (B), Age &lt; 65 years is significant for DAPT usage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symptoms occur during ordinary exertion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lifestyle modifications and pharmacological therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low CrCl (A), Age &gt; 65 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A history of prior myocardial infarction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Class III (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recent surgery (A), Heart failure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A collection of conditions affecting the coronary arteries, including narrowing, blockages, and previous heart attacks. It might involve symptoms or only be detected through tests.

When the heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen-rich blood due to narrowed or blocked coronary arteries. This leads to chest pain and can eventually cause damage to the heart.

Conditions caused by reduced blood flow to the heart, including stable angina, unstable angina, and heart attacks.

Chest pain or discomfort that happens when the heart doesn't get enough oxygen. It usually happens with physical exertion or other things that make the heart work harder.

A type of angina that happens consistently and predictably, such as during exercise or when stressed.

Factors that increase the risk of developing IHD. These include things like smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and family history.

A class of medications used to prevent blood clots by inhibiting platelet aggregation.

A common antiplatelet medication known for its ability to inhibit COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, reducing the production of thromboxane A2.

A selective COX-1 inhibitor that inhibits platelet aggregation, reducing the risk of thrombotic events.

A class of medications that block the action of beta-adrenergic receptors, reducing heart rate and blood pressure.

A selective beta-1 receptor blocker commonly used to treat hypertension, angina, and heart failure.

A class of medications that block calcium channels in the heart and blood vessels, relaxing blood vessels and reducing blood pressure.

A commonly used calcium channel blocker that relaxes blood vessels by blocking calcium channels, lowering blood pressure and reducing angina symptoms.

A calcium channel blocker that acts on both heart and blood vessels, reducing heart rate and blood pressure.

A class of medications that act primarily on the vascular smooth muscle, causing vasodilation and reducing blood pressure.

A commonly used nitrate that acts quickly to dilate blood vessels, relieving angina symptoms. It's often administered sublingually.

Factors that can be changed, such as smoking, diet, and exercise.

Factors that cannot be changed, such as age, gender, and family history.

A buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries that partially blocks blood flow, leading to chest pain (angina) during exertion.

A sudden rupture of plaque in a coronary artery, leading to a clot formation and reduced blood flow to the heart.

A thick, fibrous cap surrounding a small lipid core. It's relatively stable and less likely to rupture.

A thin, weak fibrous cap surrounding a large lipid core. It's prone to rupture.

The process of unstable plaque transforming into a stable plaque, usually due to the breakdown of its fibrous cap.

People with unstable plaques are often asymptomatic, meaning they don't experience any symptoms. This makes it difficult to diagnose and can increase their risk of a heart attack.

Using two anti-clotting medications (antiplatelet drugs) after placing a stent helps prevent blood clots from forming around the stent.

A stent is like a tiny scaffold placed inside a narrowed artery to keep it open. But the stent itself can trigger clot formation until the body's own cells cover it. This delay is why DAPT is needed.

Factors like previous bleeding on DAPT, a clotting disorder (coagulopathy), and oral anticoagulant use increase the risk of bleeding, potentially making prolonged DAPT risky.

If a patient experiences a major bleeding event, especially those at high risk for severe bleeding, shortening the duration of DAPT might be recommended.

These tools help assess a patient's risk of bleeding and guide decisions about the duration of DAPT. They consider factors like age, medical history, and medications.

A type of angina caused by temporary narrowing of coronary arteries, often at rest or during early morning hours, due to spasms instead of atherosclerosis.

A system for classifying angina based on the level of physical activity that triggers chest pain. It helps assess the severity of Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) and monitor treatment effectiveness.

Class I - Symptoms occur only with strenuous activity.

Class II - Symptoms limit ordinary physical activity. Walking rapidly or for more than two blocks, climbing stairs rapidly, or climbing more than one flight of stairs causes symptoms.

Class III - Symptoms markedly limit ordinary physical activity. Walking less than two blocks or climbing one flight of stairs causes symptoms.

Class IV - Angina may occur at rest. Any physical activity causes symptoms.

Preventing serious heart events like heart attacks and death, relieving acute angina symptoms, preventing future angina episodes, slowing down the progression of IHD, minimizing complications, and managing side effects of treatment.

It is a condition that develops when the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart, narrow or become blocked due to plaque buildup. This restricts blood flow and can cause symptoms like chest pain or even lead to a heart attack.