Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the term associated with which of the following urological conditions?
What is the term associated with which of the following urological conditions?
- testicular torsion (correct)
- paraphimosis
- hydrocele
- priapism
What is a common side effect of prescribing an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent to a patient with BPH?
What is a common side effect of prescribing an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent to a patient with BPH?
- stress incontinence
- development of prostate cancer
- postural hypotension (correct)
- hydrocele
How long does it take for a spermatogonium to complete its maturation into a spermatozoa in the testis?
How long does it take for a spermatogonium to complete its maturation into a spermatozoa in the testis?
- 70 days (correct)
- 7 weeks
- 7 days
- 70 hours
What happens to bicarbonate reabsorption in the kidney during metabolic acidosis?
What happens to bicarbonate reabsorption in the kidney during metabolic acidosis?
What is the likely pathological basis for a presentation of oedema of the face and ankles with 4+ proteinuria?
What is the likely pathological basis for a presentation of oedema of the face and ankles with 4+ proteinuria?
Which of the following conditions is associated with epididymitis?
Which of the following conditions is associated with epididymitis?
What is the effect of metabolic acidosis on urinary acidity?
What is the effect of metabolic acidosis on urinary acidity?
What is the term associated with which of the following urological conditions?
What is the term associated with which of the following urological conditions?
What is the likely cause of the 41-year-old female's symptoms?
What is the likely cause of the 41-year-old female's symptoms?
What is the most likely source of the 56-year-old woman's anaemia?
What is the most likely source of the 56-year-old woman's anaemia?
What is the 27-year-old man with sickle cell anaemia at risk of developing?
What is the 27-year-old man with sickle cell anaemia at risk of developing?
What is commonly seen in the urinary sediment of patients with urinary tract cancer?
What is commonly seen in the urinary sediment of patients with urinary tract cancer?
Which of the following requires immediate surgery as a differential diagnosis of a groin mass?
Which of the following requires immediate surgery as a differential diagnosis of a groin mass?
What is the likely cause of the 41-year-old female's fatigue?
What is the likely cause of the 41-year-old female's fatigue?
What is the likely cause of the 56-year-old woman's haematuria?
What is the likely cause of the 56-year-old woman's haematuria?
What is associated with chronic renal failure and anaemia?
What is associated with chronic renal failure and anaemia?
Study Notes
Renal Failure Complications
- A 41-year-old female with chronic renal failure presents with confusion, fatigue, and headache due to hyperkalemia (potassium level: 6.8 mmol/L).
- Hyperkalemia is a likely cause of her symptoms.
Anaemia in Diabetes
- A 56-year-old woman with diabetes and chronic renal failure presents with fatigue and anaemia.
- Chronic renal failure is the most likely source of her anaemia.
Sickle Cell Anaemia Complications
- A 27-year-old man with sickle cell anaemia is at risk of developing priapism.
Urinary Tract Cancer
- Large quantities of transitional epithelial cells in urinary sediment are seen in patients with urinary tract cancer.
Groin Mass Differential Diagnoses
- Incarcerated hernia requires immediate surgery.
- Other differential diagnoses include cryptorchidism, epididymitis, hydrocele, and psoas abscess.
Urological Conditions
- "Bell clapper" deformity is associated with testicular torsion.
Treatment of BPH
- Alpha-adrenergic blocking agents can cause postural hypotension as a common side effect.
Spermatogenesis
- It takes approximately 70 days for a spermatogonium to complete its maturation into a spermatozoa in the testis.
Renal Metabolism/Excretion
- In metabolic acidosis, urinary acidity is increased and bicarbonate reabsorption is decreased.
Oedema and Proteinuria
- A 45-year-old woman presents with oedema and proteinuria due to an abnormality of the glomerular basement membrane.
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Description
A 41-year-old female with chronic renal failure presents to the emergency department with confusion, fatigue, and headache. What is the most likely cause of her symptoms?
