Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Overview

Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung condition characterized by impaired airflow from the lungs. COPD is typically caused by long-term exposure to lung irritants, such as tobacco smoke. The condition can cause symptoms like shortness of breath, cough, and wheezing, and it can lead to serious complications if left untreated.

Symptoms

The symptoms of COPD vary from person to person and may worsen over time. Common symptoms include:

• Shortness of breath
• Chronic cough
• Wheezing
• Chest tightness
• Fatigue
• Frequent respiratory infections

These symptoms are often worse during physical activity and can interfere with the daily activities of patients.

Causes

COPD is primarily caused by long-term exposure to lung irritants, most commonly tobacco smoke, but also pollution and occupational dusts. The condition is often associated with smoking, which can damage the air sacs in the lungs and make it harder to breathe.

Prevention

Preventing COPD involves avoiding lung irritants like tobacco smoke. If you smoke, quitting can significantly reduce your risk of developing COPD. In addition, avoiding exposure to other lung irritants such as air pollution and occupational dusts can also help prevent the condition.

Diagnosis

COPD is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and lung function tests. These tests can measure the airflow in your lungs and help determine the severity of your COPD. Treatment options include bronchodilators, corticosteroid inhalers, and oxygen therapy, although the most effective treatment is to avoid exposing yourself to lung irritants and quit smoking if you are a smoker.