Podcast
Questions and Answers
In which population is Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) most commonly found?
In which population is Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) most commonly found?
- Adolescent population
- Pediatric age group
- Young adults
- Geriatric population (correct)
What is the typical status of most CLL cases at the time of diagnosis?
What is the typical status of most CLL cases at the time of diagnosis?
- Painful
- Symptomatic
- Obvious
- Asymptomatic (correct)
For a CLL diagnosis, what is the threshold for absolute lymphocyte count maintained for 3 months?
For a CLL diagnosis, what is the threshold for absolute lymphocyte count maintained for 3 months?
- Less than $10 \times 10^9$ cells per mL
- Less than $5 \times 10^9$ cells per mL
- More than $5 \times 10^9$ cells per mL (correct)
- More than $10 \times 10^9$ cells per mL
What type of cell is CLL typically a tumor of?
What type of cell is CLL typically a tumor of?
Which protein, typically found inside T cells, is associated with prognosis in CLL?
Which protein, typically found inside T cells, is associated with prognosis in CLL?
What does a ZAP-70 positive result indicate for a patient with CLL?
What does a ZAP-70 positive result indicate for a patient with CLL?
What is a common cause of death for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia?
What is a common cause of death for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia?
What condition is considered a precursor to chronic lymphocytic leukemia?
What condition is considered a precursor to chronic lymphocytic leukemia?
Flashcards
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Most common leukemia in older adults, characterized by increased lymphocytes.
CLL Diagnosis Clue (CBC)
CLL Diagnosis Clue (CBC)
Elevated White Blood Cell count with increased lymphocytes.
CLL Diagnostic Criteria (ALC)
CLL Diagnostic Criteria (ALC)
Absolute lymphocyte count > 5 x 10^9 cells/L lasting at least 3 months.
CLL Immunophenotype (CD5)
CLL Immunophenotype (CD5)
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ZAP-70 in CLL Prognosis
ZAP-70 in CLL Prognosis
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Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (CLL)
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (CLL)
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Leading cause of CLL death?
Leading cause of CLL death?
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Monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis
Monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis
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Study Notes
- The most common cancer in pediatric age group is Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
- The most common leukemia in the geriatric population is Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
- The most common acute leukemia in the adult population is Acute Myeloid Leukemia
- Majority of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cases are asymptomatic (incidental diagnosis)
- A 70-year-old patient who retired from the army came for an annual medical checkup, and their CBC report was abnormal and the report was submitted to medical students
- TLC levels are raised
- DLC: Lymphocytes are increased
- Suspect CLL if absolute lymphocyte count is more than 5 × 10⁹ cells per ml for 3 months
- Atypical lymphocytosis is caused by the Epstein Barr virus (Infectious mononucleosis)
- CLL is a B-cell tumor, but it expresses CD5
- CD5 is expressed by T cells
- In the 20th edition of Harrison, it was written that the tumor originated morphologically, immunophenotypically mature appearing lymphocytes
- According to hematology, in 60% of the cases, tumors originate from the mature memory B cell
ZAP-70 (Zeta associated protein-70)
- Intracellular tyrosine kinase
- Present inside T cells
- Bad prognosis: If the patient is ZAP-70 positive, early treatment is recommended (3 to 4 years)
- Good prognosis: If the patient is ZAP-70 negative, delayed treatment is recommended (8 to 11 years)
- These types of tumors will produce autoantibodies due to the proliferation of immuno-incompetent B cells
- Antibodies damage RBC: Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia or autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- Antibodies also damage self-platelets: Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia
- Generally, blood cancer causes predominant bone marrow involvement, which further contributes to anemia and thrombocytopenia
- In this condition, it is immune mediated because incompetent cells do not have the ability to fight against the infection
- The leading cause of death for chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients is due to infections (Recurrent pneumonia or COVID-19 pneumonia)
- If the absolute lymphocyte count is less than the threshold, there is no lymph node, liver, or spleen involvement, and there is an absence of autoimmune hemolytic anemia or Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia and this condition is known as the absent cytopenia
- Spectrum: Monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis is a precursor for chronic lymphocytic leukemia
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Description
This lesson covers key aspects of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), including its prevalence in geriatric populations and frequent asymptomatic presentation. It highlights diagnostic criteria, such as elevated lymphocyte counts, and discusses the role of CD5 expression in CLL diagnosis.
