Chronic Kidney Diseases and Syndromes Overview

A rare, non-infectious inflammatory disease that affects small and medium-sized arteries, causing them to become inflamed and weakened. This can lead to the formation of aneurysms (bulges in blood vessels) and can affect multiple organs, such as the skin, kidneys, heart, digestive system, and nervous system.

The destruction of tissue due to infection or inflammation by white blood cells.

An accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (the space between the lungs and the chest wall). This can be caused by a variety of conditions, includ­ing infection, inflammation, heart failure, cancer and trauma.

A type of tumor that originates from the epithelial cells that line the bronchi and bronchioles in the lungs. It is the most common type of lung cancer.

A condition in which there is an overgrowth of the mucous glands in the large and small airways of the lungs, leading to an increased production of mucus and difficulty breathing.

A group of symptoms that occur in individuals with a variety of neoplasms that are not related to the primary tumor site but are triggered by the tumor. These symp­toms can be caused by tumor-secreted hormones, antibodies, or other substances.

A disease characterized by inflammation of the salivary glands, which can lead to dry mouth and dry eyes. It can also affect other organs, such as the skin, nervous system, and joints.

A type of lung cancer that arises from the epithelial cells that line the alveoli (the tiny air sacs in the lungs). This type of lung cancer is often found in people with a history of smoking.

A condition characterised by excessive growth of the pituitary gland, often lead­ing to the production of excess growth hormone. This can result in physical changes such as enlarged hands, feet and facial features, and a range of other health problems.

A type of anemia that is caused by a deficiency of vitamin B12. It can lead to a range of symptoms, including fatigue, weakness, tingling in the hands and feet, and neurological problems.

A type of bone tumor characterized by excessive bone formation. It's often seen in older people and is usually benign, but it can sometimes become cancerous.

A type of abnormal blood clotting that is caused by a deficiency of prothrombin, a protein needed for blood clotting. This can cause significant bleeding problems.

A type of arthritis that is characterized by inflammation of the synovium, the lining of the joints. It can cause pain, swelling, stiffness, and a limited range of motion in the affected joints.

A type of inflammation of the pancreas that is characterized by the release of digestive enzymes into the pancreatic tissue, which can lead to a range of symptoms, such as severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.

A type of heart disease that is characterized by the inflammation of the heart muscle, which can lead to a range of symptoms, including chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, and arrhythmia.

A disease that affects the liver and is characterized by the buildup of scar tissue. This can lead to a range of symptoms, including jaundice, fatigue, swelling in the legs, and ascites.

A type of tumor that occurs in the thyroid gland and secretes calcitonin, a hormone that helps regulate blood calcium levels. It's much less common than other thyroid cancers, but it is usually a slow growing cancer.

A type of bone disease characterized by a decrease in bone density, making the bones more fragile and prone to fracture. It's common in older people and is especially common in women after menopause.

A type of heart disease that is characterized by a thickening of the wall of the left ventricle, the main pumping chamber of the heart. This can make it hard for the heart to pump blood efficiently, leading to a range of symptoms, such as shortness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue.

A type of disease characterized by the excessive release of the hormone aldosterone, which can lead to a range of symptoms, including high blood pressure, low potassium levels and increased sodium levels in the blood.

A type of tumor that affects the kidney and is often associated with the production of the hormone erythropoietin. It's usually a slow-growing tumor, but it can spread to other parts of the body if it's not treated early.

A type of cancer that originates from the cells of the thyroid gland. It's the most common type of thyroid cancer, and it can be treated effectively if diagnosed early.

A type of rare bone disease characterized by an overgrowth of bone marrow in the long bones, which can lead to a range of symptoms, including pain, swelling, and deformities.

A type of tumor that affects the ovaries and is often associated with the production of the hormone estrogen. It's a slow-growing tumor, but it can be treated effectively if diagnosed early.

A rare genetic disorder that affects the pancreas and leads to the production of abnormally viscous mucus, which can block the ducts of the pancreas, and the airways of the lung. This can lead to a range of symptoms, including maldigestion, malnutrition, and respiratory problems.

A type of leukemia that is characterized by the presence of a large number of immature white blood cells in the bone marrow and blood. This type of leukemia is common in children and can be treated effectively with chemotherapy.

A disease that affects the small intestine and is characterized by the inflammation of the bowel wall. It can cause a range of symptoms, including diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, and fatigue.

A type of heart disease that is characterized by a narrowing of the aorta, the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the body. This can cause a range of symptoms, including shortness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue.

A type of cancer that affects the stomach and is often associated with the infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). It can lead to a range of symptoms, including abdominal pain, weight loss, and fatigue.

A type of anemia that is caused by a deficiency of iron. It can lead to a range of symptoms, including fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, and pallor.

A type of bacterial infection that affects the bladder. It's one of the most common types of infections, and it can be treated effectively with antibiotics.

A type of tumor that affects the prostate gland, the gland that produces seminal fluid. It's usually a slow-growing tumor, but it can be treated effectively if diagnosed early.

A type of tumor that originates from the cells of the adrenal gland. This is one of the most common types of adrenal tumors, and it produces excess levels of hormones like cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens.

A type of tumor that affects the brain. It is a common brain tumor and can be either benign or malignant.

A condition that affects the lungs and is characterized by the presence of small, fluid-filled sacs (alveoli). This can happen both before and after birth, and it can lead to a range of symptoms, including breathing difficulties, coughing, and wheezing.

A type of tumor that affects the brain and is often associated with the production of the hormone ACTH, which stimulates the production of cortisol by the adrenal gland. It's often slow-growing and can be treated effectively with surgery or radiation therapy.