Chronic Kidney Diseases and Syndromes Overview

Membrano-Proliferative GN

• Features NOT associated with Membrano-Proliferative GN: Hypercellular Glomeruli, Thickened Basement Membranes, Basement Membrane Spikes, Accentuated Lobular Pattern. Often presents as Nephrotic or Nephritic Syndrome.

Acute Diffuse Glomerulonephritis

• Most frequent outcome: Progression to Chronic Renal Failure.
• Other options: Progression to Acute Renal Failure, Complete recovery with conservative therapy, Progression to Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis.

Henoch-Schonlein Syndrome

• Key feature: Crescent Formation.
• Other features: Diffuse Thickening of Basement Membrane (not the definitive feature).

Acute Diffuse Tubular Necrosis

• Conditions NOT associated: Transfusion with Hepatitis B infected blood.
• Other conditions that ARE associated: Shock, Septicemia, Extensive Burns, Post-Partum Hemorrhage.

Surgically Treatable Hypertension

• Cause: Fibromuscular Dysplasia of Renal Artery.
• Other causes: Diabetes Mellitus, IgA Nephritis, SLE Nephritis, (not all are surgically treatable so this one is a key point)

Ampicillin Complications

• Complication associated: Interstitial Nephritis.
• Other options: Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis, IgA Nephropathy, Acute Tubular Necrosis.

Nephrotic Syndrome Causes

• Excludes: Goodpasture Syndrome.
• Includes: Diabetes Mellitus, SLE, (not all causes are listed).

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

• Features EXCEPT: Jaundice develops early in the course.
• Other features: Common in Females, Present with Pruritis, Associated with Antimitochondrial Antibodies, Alkaline Phosphatase is Elevated.

Malignant Thyroid Tumor

• Most frequent in young: Papillary Carcinoma.
• Other options: Follicular, Medullary, Anaplastic, Lymphoma (not all tumors are listed in order by frequency).

Diabetic Microngiopathy

• Excludes: Myocardial Infarction.
• Other features: Retinopathy, Nephropathy, Neuropathy.

Hypocalcemia Causes

• Excludes: Granulomatous Disease.
• Other causes: Hypoparathyroidism, Renal Failure, Vitamin D Deficiency.

Lipiduria Causes

• Causes: Nephrotic Syndrome.
• Other options/causes: Ascending Pyelonephritis, Nephritic Syndrome, Obstructive Uropathy, Renal Infarction (not all listed in order of frequency.)

Right Renal Mass in 3-yr-old

• Likely diagnosis: (NOT listed)

Hyperplastic Arteriosclerosis/Fibrinoid Necrosis

• Associated with: Malignant Hypertension.
• Other options: Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis, Alport's Syndrome, Analgesic Abuse.

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

• Features: Heavy proteinuria.

Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis

• Feature: Leukocyte Casts in Urine.
• Other features: Crescent Formation, Insidious Onset (not all listed.)

Malignant Hypertension

• Features: Hyperplastic Arteriosclerosis, Crescent Formation, Fibrinoid Necrosis, (not all listed as features.)

Diffuse Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis

• Features NOT present: Fusion of Podocyte Food Processes.
• Other features: Hypertension,Peri-Orbital Oedema, Granular Cast in Urine, Immune Complex Deposition, (not all listed.)

Low Serum Complement / Hypercellular Glomeruli / Subepithelial Immune Deposits

• Conditions associated: Post Streptococcal GN
• Other conditions: Alport's Syndrome, Minimal Change Disease, Interstitial Nephritis, IgA Nephropathy (not all listed)

Nodular Glomerulosclerosis

• Associated with Diabetic Glomerular Change
• Other causes: Malignant Hypertension (causes listed)

Basement Membrane Spikes

• Condition: Idiopathic Membranous GN
• Other condition: Membrano-Proliferative GN

C-ANCA Associated Glomerular Disease

• Possible diagnosis: Type III RBGN

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Associated Antibodies

• Associated with: Antimitochondrial Antibodies
• Other conditions: not explicitly stated.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma

• Associated with: Hypoglycemia, Hyperglycemia, Gynecomastia, Raised Levels of HCG (not all listed)

Chronic Bronchitis

• Smoking NOT a factor in: Smooth Muscle Hyperplasia.
• Other factors: Squamous Metaplasia, Interference with Ciliary Action, Direct Damage to Airway Epithelium, Inhibits Bronchiolar & Alveolar Leukocytes (all smoking factors.)

Causes of Ischemic Tubular Necrosis

• Excludes: Heterophagoctytosis
• Includes: Azotemia, Oliguria, Hypokalemia, Metabolic Acidosis, Hypotension.

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

• Excludes: Radical Surgery is standard treatment
• Associated with infection by Epstein Barr Virus, Commonest Tumor in some parts of Africa, Metastasize the Cervical Lymph Node, Commonest Tumor in some parts of China

Chronic Endometritis

• Features include, Menometorrhagia, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), Presence of Plasma Cells, Cytomegalovirus.

This quiz covers various types of glomerulonephritis, including Membrano-Proliferative Glomerulonephritis and Acute Diffuse Glomerulonephritis, as well as related conditions like Henoch-Schonlein Syndrome. It also addresses associated conditions in Acute Diffuse Tubular Necrosis and factors leading to surgically treatable hypertension. Test your knowledge on these important kidney conditions!