Chronic Inflammation Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which cell type is the main cell type in chronic inflammation?

  • Eosinophils
  • Neutrophils
  • Macrophages (correct)
  • Dendritic Cells

What is the enzymatic process of M1 macrophages in chronic inflammation?

  • Arginine to nitric oxide (correct)
  • Ornithine to proline
  • Proline to collagen
  • Arginine to ornithine

Which cytokines are pro-inflammatory and stimulate acute phase proteins?

  • IL17 and IL23
  • IL1 and IL6 (correct)
  • IL10 and IL12
  • IL2 and IL4

What are the symptoms of systemic illness associated with chronic inflammation?

<p>Fever, lethargy, weight loss (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of forming a granuloma in chronic inflammation?

<p>To eliminate the pathogenic material (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the necrotic center of a granuloma made of?

<p>Foreign material (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the immune cells commonly found in a granuloma?

<p>Macrophages and dendritic cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the precursor for collagen synthesis in wound healing?

<p>Proline (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two subsets of macrophages in chronic inflammation?

<p>M1 Cells and M2 Cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the indicators of chronic inflammation in blood?

<p>C-reactive proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of interstitial nephritis is more commonly seen in cats?

<p>Chronic progressive interstitial nephritis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of chronic interstitial nephritis in cats?

<p>Infectious agents/infectious disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of inflammatory cells are commonly found in chronic interstitial nephritis in dogs?

<p>Lymphocytes and plasma cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristic features of chronic interstitial nephritis in dogs?

<p>Diffuse interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, and stippled red bands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between chronic interstitial nephritis in cats and dogs?

<p>Pattern of fibrosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might be used as a treatment for chronic interstitial nephritis in cats if an infectious disease is diagnosed?

<p>Antibiotics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is chronic inflammation always associated with pathogens?

<p>No (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe chronic progressive interstitial nephritis in cats?

<p>Chronic kidney disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appearance of the renal corpuscles in chronic interstitial nephritis in dogs?

<p>Contracted glomeruli with thickened Bowman's capsules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the fibrous tissue surrounding islands of the renal cortex in chronic interstitial nephritis in dogs?

<p>Interstitial fibrosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of granuloma is characterized by the presence of lymphocytes in addition to other cells?

<p>Infectious granuloma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of inflammation occurs if there is no return to steady state conditions following the acute inflammatory stages?

<p>Chronic inflammation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subtype of macrophages produce additional cytokines such as TGF B to promote collagen deposition and replace areas of necrotic tissue during tissue repair?

<p>M2 subtype (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is characterized by granulomatous lesions in the lymph node of a cow and leads to a circular mass of cells?

<p>Johnes Disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is an inherited disorder that occurs when the phagocytes don't work properly, leading to increased susceptibility to repeated bacterial or fungal infections?

<p>Chronic granulomatous disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is an example of pyogenic granulomas and is characterized by chronic infection in the kidney of dogs?

<p>Hydronephrosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is characterized by granulomas and pyogranulomas in the lung of a dog, with grey nodules varying in size throughout the lung parenchyma?

<p>Lung pyogranuloma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by inflammation occurring in the blood vessels and swelling of the heart muscle?

<p>Immune mediated arteritis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cell types and mediators with their roles in chronic inflammation:

<p>Macrophages = Main cell type in chronic inflammation M1 Cells = Convert arginine to nitric oxide which is toxic to phagocytosed organisms M2 Cells = Convert arginine to ornithine which promotes proline in extracellular fluid, a precursor for collagen synthesis IL1 and IL6 = Pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with systemic illness and chronic inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following descriptions with their respective chronic inflammation terms:

<p>Persistent stimulus = Inflammatory initiators that cannot be eliminated leading to the formation of a granuloma Necrotic center = Made of foreign material, and the body responds to eliminate this by phagocytosing this Granuloma = Formed when there is a persistent stimulus, causing distinct arrangement of inflammatory cells to prevent dissemination of the stimulus C reactive proteins = Acute phase proteins that may be immunosuppressive and are indicators of chronic inflammation in blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following chronic inflammation features with their descriptions:

<p>Pyrexia = A symptom caused by pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL1 and IL6 Lethargy = A symptom caused by pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL1 and IL6 Weight loss = A symptom caused by pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL1 and IL6 Giant cells = Produced to separate the necrotic center from the body in a granuloma</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following diseases with their characteristics:

<p>Chronic hepatitis in cow = Infections, toxic or idiopathic with symptoms like weight loss, lethargy and depression Johnes Disease = Granulatomous lesions in the lymph node, circular mass of cells Feline infectious peritonitis = Pyogranulomatous lesions, prevalent in young cats less than 2 years of age Actinobacillosis = Bacterial cause, increased salivation and difficulty chewing, chronic inflammatory case</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Granuloma = Cellular attempt to contain an offending agent that is difficult to eradicate Pyogranuloma = Chronic inflammatory lesion characterised by predominance of macrophages and neutrophils Chronic granulomatous disease = Inherited disorder that occurs when the phagocytes don't work properly Hydronephrosis = Kidneys have become swollen and stretched due to urine build up</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their associated pathogens or causes:

<p>Chronic mastitis = Tuberculosis - mycobacterium bovis Lung pyogranuloma in dog = Grey nodules varying in size throughout the lung parachyma Immune mediated arteritis = Pathogenic cause such as parvovirus 2 in younger dog Chronic pyelonephritis in the dogs kidney = Example of Pyogenic Granulomas</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following diseases with their respective characteristics:

<p>Chronic Interstitial nephritis (Cat) = Characterised by multiple large, irregular and pale grey subcapsular cortical foci Acute interstitial nephritis (Cat) = Uncommon in cats Chronic progressive interstitial nephritis (Cat) = More commonly referred to as chronic kidney disease Chronic interstitial nephritis (Dog) = Characterised by interstitial fibrosis, Tubular atrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their respective features:

<p>Chronic Interstitial nephritis (Cat) = Caused by infectious agents/ infectious disease Chronic interstitial nephritis (Dog) = Characterised by contracted glomeruli with thickened bowman's capsules Chronic progressive interstitial nephritis (Cat) = Common in cats</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following diseases with their respective treatments or causes:

<p>Chronic Interstitial nephritis (Cat) = Antibiotics might be used if infectious disease is diagnosed Chronic interstitial nephritis (Dog) = Characterised by Bands of grey fibrous tissue surrounding islands of the renal cortex Chronic progressive interstitial nephritis (Cat) = Caused by infectious agents/ infectious disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their respective pathologies:

<p>Chronic Interstitial nephritis (Cat) = Immune response has caused a granulomatous vasculitis and developed renal intersisital pyogranuloma Chronic interstitial nephritis (Dog) = Characterised by Stippled red Bands of grey fibrous tissue surrounding islands of the renal cortex Chronic progressive interstitial nephritis (Cat) = Common in cats and are more commonly referred to as chronic kidney disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

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