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Questions and Answers
What characterizes chronic inflammation?
What characterizes chronic inflammation?
- Infiltration with neutrophils, tissue destruction, and repair
- Infiltration with macrophages, tissue repair, and fibrosis
- Infiltration with eosinophils, tissue repair, and angiogenesis
- Infiltration with mononuclear cells, tissue destruction, and repair (correct)
What can lead to the development of chronic inflammation?
What can lead to the development of chronic inflammation?
- Resolution of acute inflammation
- Decrease in acute inflammation
- Absence of acute inflammation
- Progression of acute inflammation (correct)
Which infections can lead to chronic inflammation?
Which infections can lead to chronic inflammation?
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Treponema pallidum, and certain viruses and fungi (correct)
- Salmonella typhi, Shigella flexneri, and Vibrio cholerae
- Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Chlamydia trachomatis
- Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli
What is a characteristic feature of chronic inflammation?
What is a characteristic feature of chronic inflammation?
What type of cells are involved in chronic inflammation?
What type of cells are involved in chronic inflammation?
Elixirs are usually more viscous than syrups.
Elixirs are usually more viscous than syrups.
Elixirs are better able than aqueous syrups to maintain both water-soluble and alcohol-soluble components in solution.
Elixirs are better able than aqueous syrups to maintain both water-soluble and alcohol-soluble components in solution.
Nonmedicated elixirs are employed as vehicles.
Nonmedicated elixirs are employed as vehicles.
All elixirs contain flavorings to increase their palatability.
All elixirs contain flavorings to increase their palatability.
Other solvents, such as glycerin and propylene glycol, are not frequently employed in elixirs as adjunctive solvents.
Other solvents, such as glycerin and propylene glycol, are not frequently employed in elixirs as adjunctive solvents.
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Study Notes
Elixirs
- Elixirs are clear, sweetened hydroalcoholic solutions intended for oral use, flavored to enhance their palatability.
- Nonmedicated elixirs are used as vehicles, while medicated elixirs are used for the therapeutic effect of the medicinal substances they contain.
- Compared to syrups, elixirs are usually less sweet and less viscous.
Characteristics of Elixirs
- Elixirs are better able to maintain both water-soluble and alcohol-soluble components in solution.
- Each elixir requires a specific blend of alcohol and water to maintain all components in solution.
- Solvents like glycerin and propylene glycol are often used as adjunctive solvents in elixirs, in addition to alcohol and water.
Sweeteners and Flavorings
- Many elixirs are sweetened with sucrose or sucrose syrup, while some use sorbitol, glycerin, and/or artificial sweeteners.
- All elixirs contain flavorings to increase their palatability, and most have coloring agents to enhance their appearance.
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