Chronic Inflammation Learning Objectives

Dilute Destroy Isolate Initiate

Acute inflammation involves an excess of blood in the vessels, while chronic inflammation is prolonged and leads to tissue destruction and fibrosis.

Macrophages are formed from monocytes that travel, arrive, change to macrophages, proliferate, and then are immobilized.

<p>Macrophages are activated by immune receptors (TLR) and cytokines (IFN-g) secreted by T-Helper cells and NK cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Granulomatous inflammation is characterized by the predominant presence of macrophages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some examples include rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and chronic bronchitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nodular aggregation of Epithelioid macrophages surrounded by a cuff of Lymphocytes Contain Giant cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immune granulomas and Foreign Body Granulomas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fever, elevated acute-phase proteins, leukocytosis, increased pulse and BP, rigors, chills, malaise</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heart valves, meninges, kidneys, and joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Systemic vasodilation, DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epitheloid cells that fuse, have large mass of cytoplasm, and have 20 or more small nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immune granulomas are caused by insoluble particles and contain epithelioid macrophages surrounded by lymphocytes, while foreign body granulomas involve epithelioid cells and giant cells surrounding a foreign body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Langhans giant cells are epithelioid cells that fuse, have a large mass of cytoplasm, and contain 20 or more small nuclei arranged in the periphery or haphazardly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Systemic vasodilation leads to tissue hypoperfusion and hemodynamic shock in septic shock.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Systemic effects of inflammation include fever, elevated acute-phase proteins, leukocytosis, increased pulse and BP, rigors, chills, and malaise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tuberculosis (TB), leprosy, syphilis, sarcoidosis, Crohn's disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tissue-resident macrophages act as the next line of defense after pathogens gain access to the vascular circulation, helping to prevent overwhelming infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Predominant cell involved is macrophages, forming granulomas. These structures are a hallmark of chronic inflammation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute inflammation involves an excess of blood in vessels leading to tissue damage, while chronic inflammation is characterized by prolonged inflammation, tissue injury, and simultaneous healing processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macrophages are activated by immune receptors and cytokines, signaling other leukocytes and promoting inflammation, tissue destruction, and fibrosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic inflammation can lead to systemic effects such as tissue destruction, fibrosis, and activation of immune responses throughout the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IL-10 acts as an anti-inflammatory cytokine in chronic inflammation, helping to regulate the immune response and prevent excessive tissue damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers