Chronic Bacterial Sialadenitis in Hyposalivation
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Chronic Bacterial Sialadenitis in Hyposalivation

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Questions and Answers

What is the largest salivary gland that produces 25% of the total daily saliva?

  • Parotid gland (correct)
  • Minor salivary glands
  • Sublingual gland
  • Submandibular gland

    • Which salivary gland is primarily a mucous salivary gland and located in the floor of the mouth?

  • Parotid gland
  • Sublingual gland (correct)
  • Minor salivary glands
  • Submandibular gland

    • Where are the minor salivary glands NOT located?

  • Tongue
  • Gingiva
  • Cheeks
  • Anterior palate (correct)

    • Which type of salivary gland produces mixed serous & mucous secretions and contributes 60% of the total daily saliva?

    <p>Submandibular gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the total daily saliva do the minor salivary glands contribute to?

    <p>Less than 10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What disorder refers to the condition of dry mouth or decreased saliva production?

    <p>Xerostomia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibodies are typically present in Sjogren's syndrome?

    <p>SS-A and SS-B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome confirmed?

    <p>By performing a salivary gland biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What virus is incriminated in the etiology of Sjogren's syndrome?

    <p>EBV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relative risk of developing B cell lymphoma in patients with Sjogren's syndrome?

    <p>14 times greater than average</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptoms are required to confirm the diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome?

    <p>At least 1 specified ocular symptom and at least 1 oral symptom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of an increase in ESR in serology testing for Sjogren's syndrome?

    <p>It suggests the presence of autoantibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following syndromes has been reported with salivary gland aplasia?

    <p>Hereditary ectodermal dysplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main significance of salivary gland aplasia?

    <p>Dry mouth (xerostomia) and susceptibility to dental caries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition manifests clinically as a retention cyst due to blockage in the secretory or duct system of salivary glands?

    <p>Atresia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which infection mainly affects the parotid gland and can spread with airborne droplets or contaminated saliva?

    <p>Mumps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual predisposing factor for acute bacterial sialadenitis?

    <p>Duct obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is biopsy contraindicated for patients with acute bacterial sialadenitis?

    <p>It may cause damage to the nerve and paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What histological finding is characteristic of chronic bacterial sialadenitis?

    <p>Ductal dilatation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is sialography not recommended for patients with acute bacterial sialadenitis?

    <p>It could cause rupture of the acini and spreading of the infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    (Uncommonly), which salivary gland is mainly affected by acute bacterial sialadenitis?

    <p>Parotid salivary gland, this is due to its serous nature, larger duct size and opening location rich in bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What microbiological findings are common in acute bacterial sialadenitis?

    <p>Mainly staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common clinical signs of acute bacterial sialadenitis?

    <p>Trismus, redness of the skin, fever, and malaise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the histological finding associated with sialadenosis?

    <p>Proliferation of the ductal system (squamous metaplasia)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by non-inflammatory, non-neoplastic enlargement of the salivary gland, particularly the parotid gland?

    <p>Sialosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease mainly causes damage to the salivary and lacrimal glands, leading to dryness of the eyes and mouth?

    <p>Sjogren's syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of Sjogren's syndrome is characterized by xerostomia and xerophthalmia only?

    <p>Primary Sjogren's syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical signs and symptoms are associated with xerostomia?

    <p>Disturbed taste sensation (metallic taste)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What test is usually done to confirm the presence of xerophthalmia?

    <p>Schirmer test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Schirmer test measure to diagnose xerophthalmia?

    <p>Tear secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What diagnostic test can show the dilatation sialectasis of the glandular system in Sjogren's syndrome?

    <p>Sialography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of SG enlargement in Sjogren's syndrome?

    <p>Inflammation in the gland causing enlargement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be confirmed to consider a case positive for Sjogren's syndrome based on histological findings?

    <p>Presence of more than focus of these inflammatory cells in 4 mm2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is mainly responsible for causing acinar destruction and replacement with lymphocytic infiltrate in Sjogren's syndrome?

    <p>T lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibody is commonly seen in patients with Sjogren's syndrome?

    <p>SS-A (RO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical feature of chronic bacterial sialadenitis?

    <p>Recurrent tender swelling of the submandibular region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic histological finding in the salivary glands affected by chronic hyposalivation?

    <p>Atrophy of the acini</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which salivary gland is most commonly affected by sialolithiasis?

    <p>Submandibular gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do salivary stones develop more commonly in the submandibular gland?

    <p>Irregular and tortuous duct in the submandibular gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common outcome of radiation-induced sialadenitis?

    <p>Persistent xerostomia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of necrotizing sialometaplasia?

    <p>Trauma from dental appliances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What diagnostic method may not be effective for visualizing all salivary stones?

    <p>Sialography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical feature of obstructive and traumatic lesions in salivary glands?

    <p>Presence of mucous plugs within the ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of recurrent parotitis in children?

    <p>Unilateral enlargement of the parotid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis in the parotid papilla region?

    <p>Ulceration around a stone leading to infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition may develop as a result of chronic trauma to the parotid papilla region?

    <p>Necrotizing sialometaplasia in minor salivary glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of benign salivary gland tumors?

    <p>Slow growing and soft or rubbery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which salivary gland is it rare to have a tumor, but when present, there is an 85% chance for it to be malignant?

    <p>Sublingual gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are minor salivary gland tumors most commonly found?

    <p>Hard palate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the incidence of salivary gland tumors in the general population?

    <p>~10 cases per 100,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the malignancy rate of tumors in the parotid gland?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which salivary gland has the highest chance of malignancy for tumors?

    <p>Sublingual gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tumor is most common in the salivary glands?

    <p>Warthin tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT associated with benign pleomorphic adenoma?

    <p>Facial paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common location for pleomorphic adenoma in the parotid gland?

    <p>Superficial lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of pleomorphic adenoma is considered the MOST important for diagnosis?

    <p>Stroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of Warthin tumor?

    <p>Bilateral occurrence in most cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tumor may develop in the salivary glands and cause neural manifestations such as facial paralysis?

    <p>Muco-epidermoid Carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tumor can cause invasion to surrounding tissues and may cause necrosis in the area?

    <p>Adenoid cystic Carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which location are 80% of the tumors in the parotid gland mainly found?

    <p>Superficial lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of recurrent pleomorphic adenoma?

    <p>Deficiency in some areas of the capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of pleomorphic adenoma cases develop in the submandibular gland?

    <p>45%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT seen histologically in pleomorphic adenoma?

    <p>Lymphocytic infiltrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tumor has a characteristic origin from epithelial duct cells within lymph nodes in the salivary gland?

    <p>Warthin tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the incidence of salivary gland tumors?

    <p>Around 1-6 cases per 100,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which salivary gland has the highest chance of malignant tumors?

    <p>Sublingual gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of parotid gland tumors are malignant?

    <p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the most common site for minor salivary gland tumors?

    <p>Palate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of benign salivary gland tumors?

    <p>Slow-growing and soft or rubbery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification do benign salivary gland tumors fall under?

    <p>Adenomas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tumor is characterized by degeneration of delicate stroma forming the tissue around the epithelial cells?

    <p>Canalicular Adenoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are mainly found in Oncocytoma?

    <p>Oncocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tumor shows a similar clinical presentation to pleomorphic adenoma and could be bilateral like Warthin tumor?

    <p>Oncocytoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the commonest malignant tumor of all salivary glands and the major salivary glands?

    <p>Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tumor is characterized by invasion with the surrounding tissues and the presence of mucous, squamous, and intermediate cells arranged in nests?

    <p>Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which grade of Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma is mainly composed of mucous cells and squamous cells with no signs of malignancy?

    <p>Low grade / well-differentiated tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which salivary gland tumor is mainly composed of oncocytes arranged in solid sheets/cords or acinar pattern and lacks a fibrous stroma?

    <p>Oncocytoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do almost all cases of Canalicular Adenoma develop compared to other tumors?

    <p>Parotid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of benign salivary gland tumor?

    <p>Warthin tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tumor is NOT mentioned as a type of malignant (carcinoma) salivary gland tumor?

    <p>Basal cell adenoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of pleomorphic adenoma cases develop in the parotid gland?

    <p>84%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing feature of pleomorphic adenoma?

    <p>Mixture of epithelium and connective tissue components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which salivary gland is primarily affected by Warthin tumor?

    <p>Parotid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of Adenoid cystic Carcinoma?

    <p>Facial paralysis (paresthesia to facial nerve)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are 80% of pleomorphic adenomas mainly found in the parotid gland?

    <p>Superficial lobe of the parotid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What histological finding characterizes Warthin tumor?

    <p>&quot;Multi irregular cystic spaces, containing mucoid material&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which location are benign tumors mostly found?

    <p>Salivary glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of malignant (carcinoma) salivary gland tumors?

    <p>Fast growing with ulceration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic clinical feature of Warthin tumor?

    <p>Elevation of the lobe of the ear, multinodular, and multinodular or lobulated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which salivary gland tumor is mainly characterized by a degeneration of delicate stroma forming tissue around the epithelial cells, causing multiple cystic spaces around the epithelial cells?

    <p>Canalicular adenoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which malignant tumor of the salivary glands presents with signs of malignancy such as ulceration, invasion, destruction to surrounding tissues, and neural changes?

    <p>Mucoepidermoid carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tumor is composed of epithelial cells arranged in elongated anastomosing cords and is characterized by a degeneration of delicate stroma forming the tissue around the epithelial cells?

    <p>Canalicular adenoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of malignant tumor is mainly composed of mucous cells, squamous cells, and intermediate cells that can change into the mucous or squamous?

    <p>Mucoepidermoid carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tumor represents 1-2% of all salivary gland tumors and is clinically similar to pleomorphic adenoma?

    <p>Basal cell adenoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which malignant tumor may present with paralysis of the face if it develops in the parotid or anesthesia or paresthesia in the palatal region if it develops in the palate?

    <p>Mucoepidermoid carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tumor is mainly composed of oncocytes with prominent eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and lacks a fibrous stroma?

    <p>Oncocytoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tumor is rare in the major salivary gland and causes a localized persistent swelling in the upper lip?

    <p>Canalicular adenoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which salivary gland tumor is composed of epithelial cells arranged in elongated anastomosing cords, like canals, and is characterized by a degeneration of delicate stroma forming the tissue around the epithelial cells?

    <p>Canalicular adenoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What histological finding is characteristic of Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma?

    <p>Nests, diffuse sheets, and cystic spaces lined by mucous cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of Basal Cell Adenoma?

    <p>Well-encapsulated and composed of basaloid cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes Oncocytoma unique histologically?

    <p>Lacks a fibrous stroma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Ductal Papillomas from other salivary gland tumors?

    <p>Nests, diffuse sheets, and cystic spaces lined by mucous cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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