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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of chromosomes?
What is the primary function of chromosomes?
- To synthesize proteins
- To transmit genetic information (correct)
- To regulate cell growth
- To respond to environmental stimuli
What is the name of the proteins that DNA is coiled around in chromosomes?
What is the name of the proteins that DNA is coiled around in chromosomes?
- Histones (correct)
- Lipids
- Ribosomes
- Carbohydrates
How many chromosomes do humans have?
How many chromosomes do humans have?
- 46 (correct)
- 23
- 20
- 50
What determines an individual's characteristics?
What determines an individual's characteristics?
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What are the fundamental units of heredity?
What are the fundamental units of heredity?
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Study Notes
Chromosomes
- Chromosomes are thread-like structures found within the nucleus of cells, carrying essential genetic information.
- They are packaged as DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which determines an organism's traits.
- Chromosomes act as an instruction manual, containing the instructions that build and maintain an organism.
Chromosome Structure
- Each chromosome consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins called histones.
Number of Chromosomes
- The number of chromosomes varies between species.
- Humans have 46 chromosomes, with 22 pairs called autosomes (non-sex chromosomes) and one pair of sex chromosomes (X and Y).
Chromosome Inheritance
- We inherit half of our chromosomes from each parent, resulting in a unique combination that determines our individual characteristics.
- Chromosomes are the fundamental units of heredity, ensuring the passing of traits from generation to generation.
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