L2 MCQ Chromosome Quiz

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Which of the following best defines ploidy?

The number of possible alleles for autosomal genes

The number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell (correct)

The number of chromosomes in a cell

The number of DNA copies in a cell

What changes when the chromosome number changes in a cell?

The amount of DNA (correct)

The types of genetic content

The number of possible alleles for autosomal genes

The number of complete sets of chromosomes

What is the ploidy of a normal human zygote?

n=1

n=3

n=2 (correct)

n=4

What is the ploidy of Penny's oocyte?

n=1 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ploidy of Leonard's sperm?

n=1 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ploidy of a daughter cell after meiosis I?

n=1 (B) Signup and view all the answers

How many copies of Penny's mtDNA are present in the zygote?

2 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ploidy of Leonard's sister chromatids after DNA replication?

n=2 (D) Signup and view all the answers

How many homologous chromosomes are present in each cell after meiosis I?

2 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ploidy of a normal human baby?

n=2 (B) Signup and view all the answers

During meiosis II, how many cells are produced and how many copies of each autosome are present in each cell?

4 cells with 1 copy of each autosome (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ploidy of the cells after meiosis I?

2n, 4c (D) Signup and view all the answers

Where does recombination occur during meiosis?

Meiosis I (D) Signup and view all the answers

Do the sex chromosomes undergo crossing over during meiosis?

Yes, in females only (A) Signup and view all the answers

How many possible chromosome combinations are created during gametogenesis?

223 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a change in chromosome number that arises from errors in mitosis and meiosis and is clinically evident?

Aneuploidy (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a normal diploid chromosome complement of 46 chromosomes?

Euploidy (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for three copies of a chromosome?

Trisomy (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for one copy of a chromosome?

Monosomy (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ploidy of a girl with Patau Syndrome?

3n (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is used to visualize the location of a specific nucleotide sequence and determine its presence on a chromosome?

Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Multiplex FISH (M-FISH)?

To detect small chromosome rearrangements (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two categories of structural chromosome abnormalities?

Balanced and Unbalanced (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of structural chromosome abnormality involves the deletion of a part of a chromosome?

Deletion (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a large deletion on a chromosome that is visible under a light microscope?

Conventional cytogenetics (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of structural chromosome abnormality is characterized by no gain or loss of genetic content?

Balanced (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a change in chromosome structure caused by chromosome breakage and subsequent abnormal realignment?

Structural Chromosome Abnormalities (D) Signup and view all the answers

Are structural chromosome abnormalities heritable only if they occur in the germ line?

Yes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a deletion on chromosome 5p, which is associated with Cri-du-chat Syndrome?

del(5p) (A) Signup and view all the answers

How often do large deletions (>5 Mb) occur on chromosomes?

Rarely (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method used to study chromosomes?

DNA sequencing (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chromatin is more condensed and less transcriptionally active?

Heterochromatin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cytogenetics?

To identify chromosomal abnormalities (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the resolution limitation of conventional cytogenetics?

Detects gross chromosomal changes (>5 Mb) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (ISCN)?

To name chromosomes based on their banding patterns (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'p' in ISCN stand for?

Petit (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'q' in ISCN stand for?

Queue (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a karyogram?

To identify chromosomal abnormalities (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the regions of a chromosome counting out from the centromere?

Bands (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the side-by-side arrangement of homologous chromosomes in a karyogram?

Karyotype (D) Signup and view all the answers