18 Questions
What is the term for the DNA-protein complex that is highly conserved in all eukaryotes?
Chromatin
What is the primary function of histones in chromatin formation?
To condense DNA and prepare it for further condensation
What is the approximate length of DNA in humans?
2m/6.5ft
Which type of proteins are involved in the physical structure of the chromosome, in addition to histones?
Non-histone proteins
What is the net charge of histone proteins?
Positive (+ve)
What is the stage of the cell cycle in which chromosomes duplicate into sister chromatids?
S
What is the function of non-histone proteins in chromatin formation?
They possess a net negative charge and bind to histones.
What is the diameter of the nucleosome core in chromatin formation?
11 nm
How does the protein H1 contribute to chromatin formation?
It condenses DNA into chromatin with a diameter of 30 nm.
What is the name of the regions where non-histone proteins bind to form loops in chromatin structure?
SARs (scaffold-associated regions)
What is the ratio of the length of fully condensed chromosome to the length of DNA alone?
10,000:1
How many nucleosomes are present in each loop of DNA in chromatin structure?
180-300
During which stage of the cell cycle is chromatin most condensed?
Metaphase
What type of proteins forms the scaffold for additional chromatin condensation during mitosis and meiosis?
Non-histone proteins
Which type of chromatin is actively transcribed and lacks repetitive sequences?
Euchromatin
What is the function of centromeres during mitosis and meiosis?
To attach spindle fibers
Which type of heterochromatin varies between cell types or developmental stages?
Facultative heterochromatin
What is the primary function of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) centromeres?
To attach spindle fibers
Understand the structure of chromatin, including euchromatin and heterochromatin, and how it changes during the cell cycle. Learn about the condensation and decondensation of DNA and the role of non-histone proteins in chromatin structure.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
