Chromatin Structure and Cell Cycle
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the DNA-protein complex that is highly conserved in all eukaryotes?

  • Histone
  • Nucleosome
  • Sister chromatid
  • Chromatin (correct)

    • What is the primary function of histones in chromatin formation?

  • To condense DNA and prepare it for further condensation (correct)
  • To replicate DNA during the S phase
  • To transcribe DNA into RNA
  • To translate RNA into proteins

    • What is the approximate length of DNA in humans?

  • 3m/9.8ft
  • 4m/13.1ft
  • 1m/3.3ft
  • 2m/6.5ft (correct)

    • Which type of proteins are involved in the physical structure of the chromosome, in addition to histones?

    <p>Non-histone proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net charge of histone proteins?

    <p>Positive (+ve)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of the cell cycle in which chromosomes duplicate into sister chromatids?

    <p>S</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of non-histone proteins in chromatin formation?

    <p>They possess a net negative charge and bind to histones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diameter of the nucleosome core in chromatin formation?

    <p>11 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the protein H1 contribute to chromatin formation?

    <p>It condenses DNA into chromatin with a diameter of 30 nm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the regions where non-histone proteins bind to form loops in chromatin structure?

    <p>SARs (scaffold-associated regions)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of the length of fully condensed chromosome to the length of DNA alone?

    <p>10,000:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many nucleosomes are present in each loop of DNA in chromatin structure?

    <p>180-300</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of the cell cycle is chromatin most condensed?

    <p>Metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of proteins forms the scaffold for additional chromatin condensation during mitosis and meiosis?

    <p>Non-histone proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of chromatin is actively transcribed and lacks repetitive sequences?

    <p>Euchromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of centromeres during mitosis and meiosis?

    <p>To attach spindle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of heterochromatin varies between cell types or developmental stages?

    <p>Facultative heterochromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) centromeres?

    <p>To attach spindle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

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