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18 Questions

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Chromatin Structure and Cell Cycle

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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the DNA-protein complex that is highly conserved in all eukaryotes?

Histone

Nucleosome

Sister chromatid

Chromatin (correct)

What is the primary function of histones in chromatin formation?

To condense DNA and prepare it for further condensation (correct)

To replicate DNA during the S phase

To transcribe DNA into RNA

To translate RNA into proteins

What is the approximate length of DNA in humans?

3m/9.8ft

4m/13.1ft

1m/3.3ft

2m/6.5ft (correct)

Which type of proteins are involved in the physical structure of the chromosome, in addition to histones?

Non-histone proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the net charge of histone proteins?

Positive (+ve) Signup and view all the answers

What is the stage of the cell cycle in which chromosomes duplicate into sister chromatids?

S Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of non-histone proteins in chromatin formation?

They possess a net negative charge and bind to histones. Signup and view all the answers

What is the diameter of the nucleosome core in chromatin formation?

11 nm Signup and view all the answers

How does the protein H1 contribute to chromatin formation?

It condenses DNA into chromatin with a diameter of 30 nm. Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the regions where non-histone proteins bind to form loops in chromatin structure?

SARs (scaffold-associated regions) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of the length of fully condensed chromosome to the length of DNA alone?

10,000:1 Signup and view all the answers

How many nucleosomes are present in each loop of DNA in chromatin structure?

180-300 Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of the cell cycle is chromatin most condensed?

Metaphase Signup and view all the answers

What type of proteins forms the scaffold for additional chromatin condensation during mitosis and meiosis?

Non-histone proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chromatin is actively transcribed and lacks repetitive sequences?

Euchromatin Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of centromeres during mitosis and meiosis?

To attach spindle fibers Signup and view all the answers

Which type of heterochromatin varies between cell types or developmental stages?

Facultative heterochromatin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) centromeres?