Christology and Early Heresies Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What do Gnostics believe is essential for salvation?

  • Accomplishment through secret knowledge (correct)
  • Consumption of sacred texts
  • Faith in the teachings of the church
  • Rejection of material possessions

    • What was a primary belief of the Ebionites regarding Jesus?

  • He was one of Israel's prophets. (correct)
  • He was the Son of God.
  • He had a divine nature.
  • He was the reincarnation of a previous prophet.

    • What key theological term was introduced by the Council of Nicaea to signify the relationship between the Father and the Son?

  • Arianos
  • Heteroousios
  • Monotheos
  • Homousios (correct)

    • How did Nestorius view the nature of Christ?

    <p>50% human and 50% divine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Theotokos' mean?

    <p>Mother of God</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of Jesus did Apollinarius deny?

    <p>His human soul</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which council condemned the teachings of Nestorius?

    <p>Council of Ephesus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Eutyches' view on the natures of Christ after the incarnation?

    <p>Human nature is absorbed into divine nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opponent of Arius argued that the Son is equal in divinity to God?

    <p>St.Athanasius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the term 'hypostatic union'?

    <p>The union of divine and human natures in one person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which council condemned the Monophysites?

    <p>Council of Chalcedon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the date when the Second Council of Nicaea condemned Iconoclasm?

    <p>787 AD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fundamentally does Iconoclasm deny?

    <p>The truth of the Incarnation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which saint did Jesus appear to as the Sacred Heart?

    <p>St. Margaret Mary Alacoque</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary theme of the Christology of John Paul II?

    <p>Mercy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    St. Bonaventure referred to the crucifix as what?

    <p>A profound teaching tool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the image of the Sacred Heart symbolize?

    <p>Both humanity and divinity of Christ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What council issued a letter in 1987 addressing Iconoclasm?

    <p>Second Vatican Council</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Catholic teaching, Jesus Christ is considered a human person.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Karl Barth viewed original sin as a restoration of what?

    <p>The covenant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Christological Studies

    • Ontological Christology: Focuses on the identity of Christ.
    • Functional Christology: Focuses on Christ's role as savior.

    Early Heresies

    • Ebionites: Denied Christ's divinity, viewed him as a prophet.
    • Docetists: Denied Christ's humanity.
    • Gnostics: Believed salvation came through secret knowledge, with separate categories of saved (pneumatics) and damned (hylics, psychics). Gnostic influence on Docetists arises from their view of the material world and human body as evil.
    • Arius: Believed the Son was not equal to God, the Son's divine nature changed.

    Ecumenical Councils

    • Council of Nicaea (325 AD): Addressed the Arian controversy and established important theological terms.
      • Homousios: Consubstantial (Father and Son are God).
      • Monogeneis: Only begotten.
    • Principal opponent of Arius: St. Athanasius
    • Council of Constantinople (381 AD): Condemned Apollinarianism.
    • Council of Ephesus (431 AD): Condemned Nestorianism (Jesus had two separate natures).
      • Theotokos: Mother of God
      • Christotokos: Mother of Christ.
    • Council of Chalcedon (451 AD): Condemned Monophysitism (Jesus had only one nature).
      • Hypostatic Union: Union of divine and human natures in one person.
    • Council of Nicaea (787 AD): Condemned Iconoclasm (opposed to making images of Christ).

    Key Theological Concepts

    • Iconoclasm: Rejection of religious images. Condemned by the Second Council of Nicaea.

    • Theotokos: Mother of God (important concept in Christology).

    • Monophysitism: Jesus had only one nature (divine).

    • Nestorianism: Jesus had two distinct natures (human and divine).

    Modern Theology and Christology

    • Vatican II: Christology grounded in Scripture (Old and New Testaments).
    • Christ as Prophet: Mediator and fullness of divine revelation.
    • Christ as Priest: Divine sacrifice for sins.
    • Christ as King: Sending light to all nations.
    • John Paul II: Christology focused on mercy.
    • Karl Barth: Incarnation is an invitation into a journey. Original sin was a disruption of covenant.

    Additional Notes

    • Catholics revere, but do not worship, sacred images.
    • Sacred Heart: Represents humanity and divinity.
    • St. Bonaventure's view of the crucifix.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on Christological studies and early heresies including the views of Ebionites, Docetists, and Gnostics. Explore the significance of the Ecumenical Councils in shaping Christian doctrine and the debates surrounding Christ's nature and role. This quiz focuses on the historical context and theological implications of early Christianity.

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