Choroby skóry - Patomorfologia

Chronic autoimmune disease causing progressive fibrosis (scarring) in skin, muscles, and internal organs.

Skin changes in scleroderma include hard, porcelain-white, demarcated (clearly-defined) areas.

Autoimmune disease that damages skin and mucous membranes, causing blisters.

Often starts in the mouth with ulcers, later blisters and erosions appear in the skin.

Skin sloughs off easily and peels off with slightest friction, seen in skin diseases.

Two main types are pęcherzyca zwykła and pęcherzyca liściasta, both autoimmune.

Characterized by large, tense, clear fluid-filled blisters, usually occurring in older individuals.

Loss of connection between cells in the epidermis, leading to blisters in skin diseases.

Commonly found on forearms, inner thighs, armpits, groin, and genitals.

Most frequently appears after age 50.

Chronic with potential relapses.

Excessive sebaceous gland activity.

Most common type is adolescent acne.

Predominantly affects the face and back.

Typically found on the shin area, usually on the front of the leg.

Painful, reddish-purple, lumpy lesions.

A skin condition characterized by reddish bumps, often affecting women in their 30s, with a generally acute course lasting 2-6 weeks.

A chronic, recurring skin condition, primarily affecting women, with skin hardening and bluish-reddish subcutaneous nodules, often on the lower legs.

A skin condition causing loss of pigment, likely an autoimmune process, often occurring in various locations on the body and sometimes after treatment of other skin conditions.

Loss of pigment that might be mistaken for acquired vitiligo, often after treating another skin condition such as psoriasis.

Natural whitening of hair, a common age-related process.

Factors like sun exposure, ionizing radiation, certain chemicals, and weakened immune systems can increase skin cancer risk.

Skin cancers often develop on sun-exposed areas like the face, neck, and hands. Other cancers are in hidden spots.

A type of skin cancer that frequently develops on sun-exposed areas.

Extensive sun exposure is a significant risk factor, especially in older individuals.

Weakened immune systems increase the risk of skin cancer development and other health conditions.

Albinoism results from absence or malfunction of tyrosinase, a crucial enzyme in melanin production.

Characterized by light skin, white hair, blue/red eyes; increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma, decreased risk of melanoma.

Bilateral, poorly defined, dark patches on the skin, aggravated by sun exposure; resolve post-partum.

Increased melanin production causing darkening spots, common in sun-exposed areas.

Benign tumors derived from melanocytes; risk of melanoma increases with the number of moles.

Melanocytes appear individually or in clusters within the epidermis.

Melanocytes are found in the epidermis but do not synthesize melanin themselves.

Hyperpigmentation (dark spots) in certain situations, like pregnancy or oral contraceptives.

Thickening of the outermost layer of skin (epidermis).

Abnormal skin condition where cells in the outer skin layer retain their nuclei.

Cells with clear spaces around their nuclei, often related to HPV infection

Loss of skin layers, potentially reaching deeper tissues like subcutaneous fat.

Abnormal enlargement of squamous cells.

Soft, pedunculated lesions with a cauliflower-like surface, found in the genital and perianal area (border between skin and mucous membranes).

Caused by a virus from the same group as smallpox, common in children and adolescents.

Multiple, hard, waxy-white or pinkish nodules with a central dimple.

Highly contagious skin rash, usually among children, with a rapid onset lasting days to weeks.

Chronic skin condition with plaques commonly found on elbows, knees, and scalp.

Składają się z naskórka, skóry właściwej i tkanki podskórnej.

Skóra właściwa dzieli się na warstwę brodawkowa i siateczkowa.

Komórki produkujące melaninę znajdują się w warstwie podstawnej naskórka.

Brodawki zwykle wywołują HPV typy 2i7.

Brodawki stóp są wywoływane przez HPV typy 1, 2 i 4.

Brodawki płaskie są wywoływane przez HPV typy 3 i 10.

Kłykciny kończyste są wywoływane przez HPV typy 6, 11, 42 i 44.

Najczęściej zmiany występują na skórze dłoni i palców rąk.

Charakteryzuje się czerwono-brunatnymi grudkami, które mogą zlewać się w ogniska, zazwyczaj symetrycznie, szerząc się odśrodkowo i pokryte srebrzystymi łuskami (blaszkami łuszczycowymi).

Po zdrapaniu blaszki łuszczycowej na powierzchni widoczne są krwawiące punkciki.

Pojawienie się zmian łuszczycowych wzdłuż linii zadrapania naskórka po 6-12 dniach od urazu.

Cechują się wydłużeniem sopli międzybrodawkowych i brodawek skórnych, hiper i parakeratozą, naciekami neutrofilów w naskórku i limfocytami w warstwie brodawkowatej skóry.

Charakteryzuje się świędzącymi, wielobocznymi czerwono-sinymi wykwitami grudkowymi z tendencją do samoistnego ustępowania z przebarwieniami.

Występuje nadmierne rogowacenie naskórka i brak prawidłowej warstwy podstawnej i przypodstawnej.

Przewlekła choroba skóry, ograniczona do skóry, bez zmian ogólnoustrojowych; przebiega z okresowymi zaostrzeniami.

Rumieniowo-naciekowe, chropowate, dobrze odgraniczone zmiany, szerzące się obwodowo, tendencja do bliznowacenia w środku.

Prawie wyłącznie na skórze: palców, przedramion i twarzy.

W 1/3 przypadków łuszczycy występuje rodzinnie, a ryzyko wystąpienia choroby u dziecka obojga chorych rodziców wynosi 70%.

Most common in people over 50 years old.

Common locations include forearms, inner thighs, armpits, groin, and genitals.

Blisters heal without scars after rupturing.

Excessive activity of oil glands (sebaceous glands).

Adolescent acne is the most common type.

Mostly on the shins (front of legs).

Painful, reddish-purple, lumpy lesions (bumps).

Combination of genetics, hormonal factors, bacteria (in oil gland openings).

Skin condition with reddish bumps, often affecting women in their 30s, generally acute, lasting 2-6 weeks.

Chronic, recurring skin condition, primarily affecting women, with hardening and bluish-red nodules, often on lower legs.

Skin condition causing loss of pigment, possibly autoimmune, occurring in various locations, sometimes after other skin treatments.

Loss of pigment that might be mistaken for acquired vitiligo, often after the treatment of a different skin condition, like psoriasis.

Natural whitening of hair, a common process associated with aging.

Melanocytes are found in the epidermis, but do not synthesize melanin.

A lack or defect in tyrosinase (first enzyme in melanin production) leads to albinism.

Light skin, white hair, blue/red eyes, and increased squamous cell carcinoma risk, but reduced melanoma risk.

Bilateral, poorly defined, dark skin patches, worsened by sun exposure, and resolving postpartum.

Increased melanin production leads to melanin buildup in the epidermis's basal layer.

Moles are benign tumors of melanocytes; the risk of melanoma increases with mole count.

Melanocytes in moles appear individually or in clusters within the epidermis.

Hyperpigmentation (dark spots) can occur during pregnancy or due to oral contraceptives.

Soft, pedunculated lesions with a cauliflower-like surface, found in the genital and perianal area.

Caused by a virus from the smallpox family, common in children and adolescents.

Multiple, hard, waxy-white or pinkish nodules with a central dimple.

Chronic skin condition with plaques commonly found on elbows, knees, and scalp.

Highly contagious skin rash, usually among children, with a rapid onset lasting days to weeks.

Most common in people over 50 years old.

Common locations include forearms, inner thighs, armpits, groin, and genitals.

Blisters heal without scars after rupturing.

Excessive activity of oil glands (sebaceous glands).

Adolescent acne is the most common type.

Mostly on the shins (front of legs).

Painful, reddish-purple, lumpy lesions (bumps).

Combination of genetics, hormonal factors, bacteria (in oil gland openings).

Chronic skin condition with plaques, commonly found on elbows, knees, and scalp.

In 1/3 cases, psoriasis has a family history, and the chance of a child inheriting the disease from two affected parents is 70%.

Visible bleeding points on the skin after scraping a psoriasis plaque.

Psoriasis lesions appear along scratch lines 6-12 days after the injury.

Characterized by elongation of epidermal rete ridges, hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, neutrophil infiltrates in the epidermis and lymphocytes in the papillary dermis.

Itchy, bluish-red, polyhedral papules that tend to disappear spontaneously with pigmentation left behind.

Chronic skin disease limited to skin, with no systemic symptoms; intermittent flares.

Erythematous-infiltrative, rough, well-demarcated lesions, spreading peripherally, with tendency to scar centrally.

Skin changes primarily on fingers, forearms, and face.

Shows hyperkeratosis and faulty basal and supra-basal layers.

A skin condition with reddish bumps, often affecting women in their 30s, usually acute and lasting 2-6 weeks.

A chronic, recurring skin condition, primarily affecting women, characterized by skin hardening and bluish-red subcutaneous nodules, often on the lower legs.

A skin condition causing loss of pigment, potentially an autoimmune process, occurring in various body locations, sometimes after treatment of another condition.

Loss of pigment that might be mistaken for acquired vitiligo, often from treatment of a different skin condition, like psoriasis.

Natural whitening of hair, a common age-related process.

Cells with clear spaces around their nuclei, often related to HPV infection.

Thickening of the outermost skin layer (epidermis).

Abnormal skin condition where cells in the outer skin layer retain their nuclei.

Loss of skin layers, potentially reaching deeper tissues.

Pathological skin aging, collagen deposits under the epidermis, typically in sun-exposed areas of older individuals.

Mnogie, dobrze odgraniczone zmiany o miedzianym lub brunatnym zabarwieniu, głownie na tułowiu. Nie ciemnieje pod wpływem słońca

Pojawia się po 40 rż. Głównie na kończynach górnych i twarzy. Powiązane z przewlekłym działaniem promieni słonecznych.

Ciemno zabarwiona plamka, często występuje na dłoniach i stopach. Może przekształcić się w czerniaka.

Wypukła zmiana o różnym zabarwieniu, często owłosiona, na twarzy. Prawie nigdy nie przeradza się w czerniaka.

Łączy cechy znamion brzeżnych i skórnych. Melanocyty w warstwie podstawnej naskórka i skórze właściwej.

Może mieć duże rozmiary. Głównie na tułowiu. Rozrasta się w tkankach głębszych.

Mała płaska zmiana, rozrost melanocytów w głębszych warstwach skóry. Często na grzbiecie rąk, głowie i szyi.

Pojedynczy wypukły guzek barwy różowej lub brązowej (może przypominać naczyniaka), u dzieci (na twarzy), u mężczyzn (klatka piersiowa, ramiona), u kobiet (uda).

Większe niż 5mm, nieregularne obrysy i nierównomierne zabarwienie. Znamiona złożone z cechami nieprawidłowego rozrostu.

Zmiana o niewielkim rozmiarze, barwy brunatnej, głównie na tułowiu, nie ciemniejąca pod wpływem słońca. Występuje w każdym wieku, ale często u dzieci.