Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which organism is known for having a notochord replaced by a vertebral column in its adults?
Which organism is known for having a notochord replaced by a vertebral column in its adults?
- Lampreys (correct)
- Cephalochordates
- Urochordates
- Hagfish
What is a characteristic feature of Class Myxini?
What is a characteristic feature of Class Myxini?
- Presence of jaws
- Exoskeleton
- Bony skeleton
- Cartilage skull (correct)
What is the main distinguishing feature of Urochordate larvae compared to adults?
What is the main distinguishing feature of Urochordate larvae compared to adults?
- Absence of a notochord
- Development of jaws
- Retention of larval characters in adults (correct)
- Presence of a vertebral column
Which group is classified as vertebrate, yet jawless?
Which group is classified as vertebrate, yet jawless?
What type of characters does the term 'paedomorphosis' refer to in Urochordates?
What type of characters does the term 'paedomorphosis' refer to in Urochordates?
Which group of organisms features a notochord and myotomes during their life cycle?
Which group of organisms features a notochord and myotomes during their life cycle?
Which characteristic is NOT associated with cartilaginous fish?
Which characteristic is NOT associated with cartilaginous fish?
Which class of fish has a swim-bladder that evolved from a lung?
Which class of fish has a swim-bladder that evolved from a lung?
What is a distinguishing feature of lobe-finned and lungfish?
What is a distinguishing feature of lobe-finned and lungfish?
Which class includes hagfish?
Which class includes hagfish?
How many species approximately belong to Class Actinopterygii?
How many species approximately belong to Class Actinopterygii?
Which of the following statements about cephalochordates is true?
Which of the following statements about cephalochordates is true?
In which group are jawless fish categorized?
In which group are jawless fish categorized?
Which class of fish is known for its lobe-finned structure and includes the coelacanth?
Which class of fish is known for its lobe-finned structure and includes the coelacanth?
Which of the following best describes the movement pattern of the coelacanth?
Which of the following best describes the movement pattern of the coelacanth?
Which lungfish species is native to South America?
Which lungfish species is native to South America?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of Sarcopterygii fish?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of Sarcopterygii fish?
What is the significance of Latimeria chalumnae in the study of lobe-finned fish?
What is the significance of Latimeria chalumnae in the study of lobe-finned fish?
What primary protein component is found in cartilage?
What primary protein component is found in cartilage?
Which class of fish is characterized by a skeleton made of flexible cartilage?
Which class of fish is characterized by a skeleton made of flexible cartilage?
Which of the following fish are known for having dermal denticles?
Which of the following fish are known for having dermal denticles?
What is the feature of blood circulation in fish?
What is the feature of blood circulation in fish?
Which type of fins are typically paired in Actinopterygii?
Which type of fins are typically paired in Actinopterygii?
What is a significant adaptation of the lamprey ammocoete larva?
What is a significant adaptation of the lamprey ammocoete larva?
Which of the following orders includes eels and morays?
Which of the following orders includes eels and morays?
What type of reproduction strategy is exemplified by parental care through mouth brooding?
What type of reproduction strategy is exemplified by parental care through mouth brooding?
Flashcards
Chordates
Chordates
Long-bodied, free-swimming animals, found in fish, amphibians, and reptiles.
Urochordates
Urochordates
Sea squirts, evolved from ancestors like tunicates.
Cephalochordates
Cephalochordates
Lancelets; have notochord and myotomes. Filter feeders.
Myotomes
Myotomes
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Jawless Fish
Jawless Fish
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Cartilaginous Fish
Cartilaginous Fish
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Ray-finned Fish
Ray-finned Fish
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Tetrapods
Tetrapods
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Myotomes in Cephalochordates
Myotomes in Cephalochordates
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Hagfish characteristics
Hagfish characteristics
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Lamprey Characteristics
Lamprey Characteristics
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Notochord
Notochord
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Pharyngeal slits in chordates
Pharyngeal slits in chordates
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Cartilage composition
Cartilage composition
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Lamprey Ammocoete Metamorphosis
Lamprey Ammocoete Metamorphosis
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Jaw Evolution's Benefit
Jaw Evolution's Benefit
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Dermal denticles are...
Dermal denticles are...
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Fish Circulation
Fish Circulation
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Chondrichthyes Skeleton
Chondrichthyes Skeleton
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Ray-finned Fish Fins
Ray-finned Fish Fins
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Fish Myotome Function
Fish Myotome Function
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Lobe-finned fish
Lobe-finned fish
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Coelacanth
Coelacanth
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Lungfish
Lungfish
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Flatfish
Flatfish
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Review Lecture
Review Lecture
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Study Notes
Chordates: Fish
- Chordates are primarily elongated, free-swimming animals. This body plan is shared with some amphibians and reptiles.
- They evolved from ancestors like tunicates via paedomorphosis (larval characteristics persist in adults).
- Cephalochordates (lancelets) are filter feeders, with notochords and myotomes (muscle blocks), and pharyngeal slits.
- Jawless fish (hagfish and lampreys) possess a cartilage skull and have a notochord replaced by a vertebral column.
- Cartilaginous fish have jaws (evolved from gill arches), teeth (derived from scales), and paired fins.
- Ray-finned fish have bony skeletons and swim bladders (derived from lungs).
- Lobe-finned fish and lungfish display features characteristic of tetrapods.
Chordate Characteristics
- All chordates share specific features during their development: notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and post-anal tail.
- Endostyle and vertebral column are also shared features.
Fish Classfication
- There are ~25,200 species of fish, across different classes within the Chordata phylum.
- Specific examples include: hagfish, lampreys, sharks, rays, ray-finned fish, lobe-finned fishes, and lungfish.
Fish Anatomy and Development
- Hagfish have cartilage skulls but lack vertebral columns or jaws.
- Lampreys have cartilage skulls and vertebral columns, but lack jaws.
- Jawed fishes evolved from gill arches, leading to improved feeding efficiency.
- Modern jawed fishes (cartilaginous and bony) have additional gill arches supporting heavier jaws.
- Sharks have biting teeth, and rays have crushing teeth, both derived from dermal denticles.
- Fish exhibit closed circulatory systems with single circulation, a two-chambered heart, and blood flowing through arteries, veins, and capillaries.
- Fish gills and swim bladders are also critical for respiratory and buoyancy purposes.
- Fish have a large coelom or abdominal cavity, operculum, and scales.
- Myomeres (muscle blocks) allow for swimming in fish.
- Fish exhibit behaviours like schooling.
- Some fish species (e.g., mouth-brooding) exhibit parental care.
- Fish larvae are often planktonic (free-floating)
Lobefins (Class Sarcopterygii)
- Lobefins have paired, fleshy fins that resemble limbs.
- A fossil coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae) was discovered in 1938.
- Lungfishes (e.g., Lepidosiren paradoxa, Protopterus sp., Neoceratodus forsteri) have adapted swim bladders.
Cartilaginous Fishes (Class Chondrichthyes)
- Cartilaginous fishes have flexible cartilage skeletons.
- Examples include whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) and great hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna mokarran).
- Rays (e.g., Dasyatis americana, Manta birostris) are also cartilaginous.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of fish within the chordate group. This quiz covers the evolution, characteristics, and classifications of various types of fish. Learn about jawless fish, cartilaginous fish, and bony fish, as well as shared traits found in all chordates.
