Chordates: Fish Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which organism is known for having a notochord replaced by a vertebral column in its adults?

Lampreys (correct)

Cephalochordates

Urochordates

Hagfish

What is a characteristic feature of Class Myxini?

Presence of jaws

Exoskeleton

Bony skeleton

Cartilage skull (correct)

What is the main distinguishing feature of Urochordate larvae compared to adults?

Absence of a notochord

Development of jaws

Retention of larval characters in adults (correct)

Presence of a vertebral column

Which group is classified as vertebrate, yet jawless?

Lampreys Signup and view all the answers

What type of characters does the term 'paedomorphosis' refer to in Urochordates?

Larval characters retained in adults Signup and view all the answers

Which group of organisms features a notochord and myotomes during their life cycle?

Cephalochordates Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT associated with cartilaginous fish?

Bony skeleton Signup and view all the answers

Which class of fish has a swim-bladder that evolved from a lung?

Class Actinopterygii Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of lobe-finned and lungfish?

Shows features of tetrapods Signup and view all the answers

Which class includes hagfish?

Class Myxini Signup and view all the answers

How many species approximately belong to Class Actinopterygii?

24,000 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about cephalochordates is true?

They are exclusively marine filter feeders. Signup and view all the answers

In which group are jawless fish categorized?

Craniates Signup and view all the answers

Which class of fish is known for its lobe-finned structure and includes the coelacanth?

Sarcopterygii Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the movement pattern of the coelacanth?

Alternating movement using lobe fins Signup and view all the answers

Which lungfish species is native to South America?

Lepidosiren paradoxa Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key characteristic of Sarcopterygii fish?

Lobed pectoral and pelvic fins Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Latimeria chalumnae in the study of lobe-finned fish?

It represents a living example of a primitive fish once thought to be extinct. Signup and view all the answers

What primary protein component is found in cartilage?

Collagen Signup and view all the answers

Which class of fish is characterized by a skeleton made of flexible cartilage?

Chondrichthyes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fish are known for having dermal denticles?

Great hammerhead shark Signup and view all the answers

What is the feature of blood circulation in fish?

Closed single circulation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fins are typically paired in Actinopterygii?

Pectoral and pelvic fins Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant adaptation of the lamprey ammocoete larva?

Metamorphosis to adult form Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following orders includes eels and morays?

Anguilliformes Signup and view all the answers

What type of reproduction strategy is exemplified by parental care through mouth brooding?

Oviparous reproduction Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chordates: Fish

Chordates are primarily elongated, free-swimming animals. This body plan is shared with some amphibians and reptiles.
They evolved from ancestors like tunicates via paedomorphosis (larval characteristics persist in adults).
Cephalochordates (lancelets) are filter feeders, with notochords and myotomes (muscle blocks), and pharyngeal slits.
Jawless fish (hagfish and lampreys) possess a cartilage skull and have a notochord replaced by a vertebral column.
Cartilaginous fish have jaws (evolved from gill arches), teeth (derived from scales), and paired fins.
Ray-finned fish have bony skeletons and swim bladders (derived from lungs).
Lobe-finned fish and lungfish display features characteristic of tetrapods.

Chordate Characteristics

All chordates share specific features during their development: notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and post-anal tail.
Endostyle and vertebral column are also shared features.

Fish Classfication

There are ~25,200 species of fish, across different classes within the Chordata phylum.
Specific examples include: hagfish, lampreys, sharks, rays, ray-finned fish, lobe-finned fishes, and lungfish.

Fish Anatomy and Development

Hagfish have cartilage skulls but lack vertebral columns or jaws.
Lampreys have cartilage skulls and vertebral columns, but lack jaws.
Jawed fishes evolved from gill arches, leading to improved feeding efficiency.
Modern jawed fishes (cartilaginous and bony) have additional gill arches supporting heavier jaws.
Sharks have biting teeth, and rays have crushing teeth, both derived from dermal denticles.
Fish exhibit closed circulatory systems with single circulation, a two-chambered heart, and blood flowing through arteries, veins, and capillaries.
Fish gills and swim bladders are also critical for respiratory and buoyancy purposes.
Fish have a large coelom or abdominal cavity, operculum, and scales.
Myomeres (muscle blocks) allow for swimming in fish.
Fish exhibit behaviours like schooling.
Some fish species (e.g., mouth-brooding) exhibit parental care.
Fish larvae are often planktonic (free-floating)

Lobefins (Class Sarcopterygii)

Lobefins have paired, fleshy fins that resemble limbs.
A fossil coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae) was discovered in 1938.
Lungfishes (e.g., Lepidosiren paradoxa, Protopterus sp., Neoceratodus forsteri) have adapted swim bladders.

Cartilaginous Fishes (Class Chondrichthyes)

Cartilaginous fishes have flexible cartilage skeletons.
Examples include whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) and great hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna mokarran).
Rays (e.g., Dasyatis americana, Manta birostris) are also cartilaginous.

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Description

Explore the fascinating world of fish within the chordate group. This quiz covers the evolution, characteristics, and classifications of various types of fish. Learn about jawless fish, cartilaginous fish, and bony fish, as well as shared traits found in all chordates.