till history 90 : till examination 366 : 606 test 907

Which position is considered the close packed position of the knee joint?

Which meniscus is thicker posteriorly than anteriorly?

Which meniscus has an excursion of 10 mm during movement from extension to flexion?

What is the primary function of the menisci in the knee joint?

What is the primary function of the coronary ligaments in relation to the menisci?

What is the patella considered to be within the patellar tendon?

Which ligaments are commonly involved in acceleration and twisting injuries?

What type of pain is usually associated with degenerative changes?

Which condition is more likely to be associated with stiffness in the morning and eases with activity?

What is a possible cause of anterior knee pain?

What is a characteristic of pain in structural abnormalities?

What does the presence of instability in the knee usually indicate?

From which direction did the injuring force come?

Which joint in the body is the largest?

What type of playing surface increases the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injuries?

Why is the knee joint particularly susceptible to traumatic injury?

What type of shoe can indicate stress put on the lower leg, ankle, and foot?

Why are ligamentous tests listed in a separate section during the examination of the knee?

Which joints may refer pain to the knee?

What can lead to arthritic changes and increase the risk of injury?

What does it mean for the cruciate ligaments to be extrasynovial?

What can a distinct pop during an injury indicate?

When can posterior cruciate ligament injuries have more vague symptoms of unsteadiness or discomfort?

How many degrees of freedom does the tibiofemoral joint have?

Which part of the patella is most frequently affected in chondromalacia patellae or patellofemoral syndrome?

During the movement from flexion to extension, different parts of the patella articulate with the femoral condyles until at least how many degrees of flexion is reached?

Which ligament is the primary static restraint to lateral patellar displacement at 20° of knee flexion?

What is the primary mechanism of injury that often results in injury to the medial collateral ligament, frequently accompanied by injury to the posteromedial capsule, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)?

What ligament is often involved in an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, often associated with meniscus tears, resulting from hyperextension?

What ligament is often involved in a posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury, often resulting from flexion with posterior translation?

Which structures are often involved in deceleration injuries to the knee?

What type of pain is usually associated with degenerative changes in the knee?

What is the most likely cause of anterior knee pain?

What is the major presenting factor in complex ligament disruptions or muscle dysfunction in the knee?

What is the primary cause of true locking of the knee?

What may cause grating or clicking in the knee during movement?

Which type of injury to the knee is more likely to cause bony avulsions?

What type of playing surface increases the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injuries?

What is the term used to describe injuries to the growth plate or physis in young children?

What is the term used to describe injury to the tibial tubercle apophysis in young children?

What type of injury may be indicated by a distinct pop during the injury?

When can posterior cruciate ligament injuries have more vague symptoms of unsteadiness or discomfort?

Which position of the knee joint is considered the close packed position?

Which meniscus in the knee joint has an excursion of 10 mm during movement?

What is the primary function of the menisci in the knee joint?

What is the main difference between the medial and lateral menisci in terms of shape?

What is the primary function of the coronary ligaments in relation to the menisci?

What is the primary function of the patella in the knee joint?

Which joint connects one long bone 'sitting' on another long bone and depends on ligaments and muscles for its strength and stability?

What is the largest joint in the body?

Which joint has 2 degrees of freedom and is a modified hinge joint?

Which ligaments in the knee joint are extrasynovial?

Which joints may refer pain to the knee?

Why are ligamentous tests listed in a separate section during the examination of the knee?

Which ligament provides up to 19% of the resistance against lateral patellar displacement?

What is the primary function of the patella in the knee joint?

Which ligament is the primary static restraint to lateral patellar displacement at 20° of knee flexion?

What is the primary mechanism of injury that often involves the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)?

What ligament runs from the anterior horn of the medial meniscus to the inferior portion of the medial border of the patella?

What ligament runs between the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus and the inferior aspect of the capsule?

Which position is considered the close packed position of the knee joint?

What is the primary function of the menisci in the knee joint?

Which meniscus is thicker posteriorly than anteriorly?

What is the primary function of the coronary ligaments in relation to the menisci?

What is the primary function of the patella in the knee joint?

Which meniscus has an excursion of 10 mm during movement from extension to flexion?

Which type of injury to the knee is more likely to cause bony avulsions?

What is the primary mechanism of injury that often results in injury to the medial collateral ligament, frequently accompanied by injury to the posteromedial capsule, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)?

What can a distinct pop during an injury indicate?

Which ligaments are commonly involved in acceleration and twisting injuries?

Why are ligamentous tests listed in a separate section during the examination of the knee?

Which joint in the body is particularly susceptible to traumatic injury due to its location at the ends of two long lever arms?

What is the most likely cause of anterior knee pain?

Why are ligamentous tests listed in a separate section during the examination of the knee?

Which joints may refer pain to the knee, requiring assessment during the examination?

What is the primary function of the coronary ligaments in relation to the menisci?

Which ligament is often involved in an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, often associated with meniscus tears, resulting from hyperextension?

Which joint in the body is the largest and has 2 degrees of freedom?

Which ligament is commonly involved in deceleration injuries to the knee?

What is the primary cause of true locking of the knee?

Which ligament is the primary static restraint to lateral patellar displacement at 20° of knee flexion?

Which ligament runs from the anterior horn of the medial meniscus to the inferior portion of the medial border of the patella?

What type of pain is usually associated with degenerative changes in the knee?

What type of pain is usually associated with synovial plica irritation or early tendinosis?

Which ligament is the primary static restraint to lateral patellar displacement at 20° of knee flexion?

Which ligament runs from the medial femoral condyle to its attachment onto the medial border of the patella?

What is the primary function of the patella in the knee joint?

What is the primary function of the menisci in the knee joint?

Which ligament provides up to 19% of the resistance against lateral patellar displacement?

What is the primary cause of patellofemoral arthralgia?

During the observation phase, if a squinting or rotated patella is seen, it may indicate which of the following conditions?

Which of the following conditions may be indicated by genu recurvatum (hyperextended knee)?

Which of the following conditions may be indicated by a fixed flexion deformity?

Which condition may increase the patellofemoral contact force during flexion and contribute to anterior knee pain?

Which condition may cause the inferior pole of the patella to tilt in, leading to fat pad irritation?

Which of the following conditions is associated with medial tibial torsion and a 'pigeon-toed' foot deformity?

During active knee extension, the knee extensor muscles develop the greatest force at what degree?

What is the end feel of flexion at the tibiofemoral joint?

What is the primary cause of quadriceps lag?

What is the normal range of passive medial rotation of the tibia on the femur at 90° of knee flexion?

What is the normal range of passive lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur at 90° of knee flexion?

What is the primary purpose of the motion palpation test for articular damage in the knee?

During the examination of the knee, the examiner should observe the movement of the patella as it tracks along the femoral trochlea. Which of the following patterns is considered normal for the movement of the patella?

Which of the following is a possible indication of patellar tracking problems during knee examination?

Which of the following muscles can lead to increased stress on the knee if the hip abductors are weak?

Which of the following factors can put extra pressure on the patellofemoral joint during gait?

Which of the following is true about the examination of the knee?

What is the normal range of full knee flexion?

Which of the following questions can give an indication of the patient's functional disability and how much the knee is bothering the patient?

What contributes to lower limb load distribution across each joint articular surface?

What malalignment should the examiner note from the anterior aspect?

What is the normal development sequence of the knee in children?

What may observable malalignment around the knee lead to or be the result of?

When do a child's lower limbs transition from genu varum to straight?

Which term describes the inward angulation of the knee in children until approximately 3 to 4 years of age?

What is the normal range of valgus alignment in adults?

What is the distance between the ankles that is considered excessive in cases of genu valgum?

What is the term for a varus deformity or genu varum if two or more fingers (4 cm [1.6 inches]) fit between the knees when the ankles are together?

Which of the following misalignments can lead to patellofemoral symptoms or instability?

What is the term for the medial collapse during loading (e.g., when doing a squat) that results in dynamic knee valgus?

Which term is used to describe a condition where the knees touch but the ankles do not, indicating a deformity?

What is the normal range of valgus alignment in the adult knee?

Which of the following conditions may be associated with patellofemoral symptoms or instability?

What is the term used to describe a dynamic knee valgus, which is the result of medial collapse during loading?

What is the position of the knees in a person with an excessive lordosis?

What is the resting position of the knee, which provides the synovial cavity with the maximum capacity to hold fluid?

Which joint contributes to lower limb load distribution across each joint articular surface?

What is the normal development of the knee in children, in terms of alignment?

What malalignment deformities should the examiner look for from the anterior aspect?

What percentage of load does the medial compartment bear across the knee in a neutrally aligned knee?

When does a child's lower limbs transition from genu varum to straight alignment?

What should the examiner note about the patient's weight distribution on the affected limb?

Which movement of the patella during dynamic movement may indicate excessive lateral patellar shift or maltracking?

At what angle is active knee extension approximately 0°?

At what angle do the knee extensor muscles develop their greatest force?

What is the primary reason for quadriceps lag during knee extension?

What is the normal range of passive medial rotation of the tibia on the femur at 90° of knee flexion in non-weight bearing?

What is the end feel of flexion at the tibiofemoral joint?

Which view is best for visualizing a popliteal (Baker's) cyst?

What is the term used to describe the condition where the patella is higher than normal?

What is the term used to describe the condition where the patella is lower than normal?

What is the term used to describe the condition where the inferior pole of the patella is tilted in?

What is the term used to describe the condition where the patellae face upward and outward, away from each other?

Which condition is associated with medial tibial torsion?

During the examination of the knee, what should the examiner observe in relation to the movement of the patella?

What is the normal range of knee flexion in degrees?

What is the normal movement pattern of the patella as the knee moves from extension to flexion?

What may be noted in the presence of pathological patellar tracking and patellar instability?

Which muscles should be tested for functional mobility during the examination of the knee?

What other joints in the kinetic chain should be considered during the examination of the knee?

What is the normal range of knee flexion during a squat exercise?

What is the normal pattern of patellar movement during knee flexion?

What is the inverted 'J' sign indicative of?

What is the primary role of the gracilis and adductor muscles in knee stability?

What can tight heel cords result in during gait?

What is the primary cause of patellofemoral pathology or anteromedial joint pain?

During active knee extension, the knee extensor muscles develop the greatest force at which degree angle?

What is the approximate degree of passive medial rotation of the tibia on the femur when the knee is flexed to 90°?

What is the approximate degree of passive lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur at 90° of knee flexion?

What is the end feel of flexion at the tibiofemoral joint?

What is the end feel of extension and medial/lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur at the tibiofemoral joint?

What is the normal range of patellar mobility in extension?

Which of the following is a normal range of valgus alignment for the knee in adults?

What is the distance between the ankles considered excessive in determining genu valgum?

What is the term for excessive differences in alignment that can lead to patellofemoral symptoms or instability?

What is the term for the position of the knee with 15° to 25° of flexion, which provides the synovial cavity with the maximum capacity to hold fluid?

What is the primary cause of posterior knee pain when a patient has an excessive lordosis?

What structures can cause rotation and tilt of the patella if they are tight?

Which of the following questions can give an indication of the patient's functional disability and how much the knee is bothering the patient?

What contributes to lower limb load distribution across each joint articular surface?

What malalignment should the examiner note from the anterior aspect?

At what age do a child's lower limbs transition from genu varum to genu valgum and then to straight?

What is the term used to describe the condition where the patella is higher than normal?

What are the primary factors that determine knee alignment?

What is the term used to describe a squinting or rotated patella indicating medial femoral or lateral tibial torsion?

What is the term for an abnormal swelling caused by herniation of synovial tissue through a weakening in the posterior capsule wall?

What is the term for the condition where the patellae face upward and outward, away from each other, giving the appearance of 'frog eyes' or 'grasshopper eyes'?

What is the term for the condition where the inferior pole of the patella is tilted in, causing fat pad irritation?

What is the term for the condition where the feet point toward each other, resulting in a 'pigeon-toed' foot deformity?

What is the term for the condition where the patella becomes more aligned with the anterior surface of the femur, angled upward?

Which test is positive for rotary instability if the patient stops without using the quadriceps or decelerates in a crouched position?

Which test involves the patient rotating or twisting left and right while standing on one leg with the knee flexed 10° to 20°?

Which test measures patients attempting to return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament injury?

Which test involves the patient hopping up and down on one leg while abducting the opposite leg?

Which test is part of a landing error scoring system and involves jumping down from a 30-cm height onto both feet?

Which test battery includes a one-leg stability test, a two-leg countermove jump, and plyometric jumps?

Which of the following tests measures the time taken to hop 6 m (20 ft) on one leg?

Which test requires the patient to hop as far as possible, taking three hops?

Which test requires the patient to take three consecutive hops on one foot, crossing over a straight line each time?

Which test requires the patient to hop from marker to marker on each line, with the distance measured?

Which test measures the time taken for the patient to hop from marker to marker on each line, with the good leg tested first?

Which test requires a space of 30 m (100 ft) and involves hopping between cones placed 6 m (20 ft) apart?

Which muscles should the examiner ensure full and normal flexibility of in order to prevent altered gait and postural mechanics?

What can tight hamstrings contribute to in terms of knee pathology?

What limitation of hip rotation in extension can lead to patellofemoral pathology?

What is the effect of a tight iliotibial band on the patella?

Which muscle's tightness can prevent full excursion of the patella in the trochlea if the hip is extended?

What is the normal range of dorsiflexion when testing the gastrocnemius muscle?

Which of the following is NOT a measure of physical function?

Which group of patients often show fear of reinjury and abnormal gait patterns?

Which of the following is NOT a criterion to consider before doing functional testing?

Which of the following is NOT a functional test for the knee?

Which of the following is NOT a way to measure functional test results?

Which test is effective in differentiating patients with anterior cruciate ligament deficiencies from normal patients?

Which of the following is true about the examination of patellar mobility?

Which of the following is an example of dynamic tilt and rotation problems of the patella?

What is a more functional position to test the side-to-side passive motion of the patella?

How can objective measurements of patellar mobility be made?

What does a grade of two quadrants of patellar movement indicate?

What does a patella that has been dislocated laterally indicate in terms of patellar mobility?

Which test can be used to measure patients attempting to return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament injury?

Which test is used to identify individuals with poor jump landing technique?

Which test involves the patient hopping up and down on one leg while abducting the opposite leg?

Which test measures postsurgical anterior cruciate ligament patients and includes ROM for the knee and ankle, single-leg hop, triple hop, crossover triple hop, single-leg squatting, lateral jumping, and pivoting?

Which test battery includes a two-leg stability test, a one-leg stability test, a two-leg countermove jump, a one-leg countermove jump, plyometric jumps, speedy test, and quick feet test?

Which functional tests have been shown to have high test-retest reliability?

Which muscles should the examiner ensure full and normal flexibility of in order to prevent gait and postural mechanics alterations that may lead to pathology?

Which muscle tightness can contribute to patellofemoral pathology due to increased knee flexion at heel strike and during stance phase?

What limitation of hip rotation in extension can lead to patellofemoral pathology?

Which muscle's tightness can prevent full excursion of the patella in the trochlea, especially if the hip is extended?

What can a tight iliotibial band lead to in relation to the patella?

What can limited hip medial rotation increase strain on during cutting and pivoting activities?

Which test requires a space of 30 m (100 ft) and involves hopping between cones placed 6 m (20 ft) apart?

What is the term for the functional deficit between the affected and normal leg?

Which test involves hopping as far as possible, taking three hops?

Which test involves taking three consecutive hops on one foot, crossing over a straight line each time?

Which test requires the patient to hop 6 m (20 ft) on one leg and is assessed for the time taken?

According to Begalle et al., which activities are believed to have the most balanced coactivation of the quadriceps and hamstrings?

Which of the following is a dynamic tilt and rotation problem of the patella?

In which position should the passive motion of the patella be tested to indicate functional instability?

How can objective measurements of patellar mobility be made?

What is the objective description for a normal passive medial translation of one-half of the width of the patella?

What does a lateral glide of three quadrants suggest?

What does a medial glide of less than one quadrant suggest?

Which of the following is NOT a functional test for the knee?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of noncopers?

Which test is recommended for differentiating patients with anterior cruciate ligament deficiencies from normal patients?

Which of the following is NOT a functional strength test for sedentary individuals?

What is the primary purpose of knee-specific, activity-specific, and general health questionnaires?

Which of the following is a functional activity test primarily designed for elderly people?

Which muscle should be tested in the supine position for proper evaluation of the femoral nerve?

What is the normal range of dorsiflexion in the ankle during the examination?

What can limited hip medial rotation increase the strain on during cutting and pivoting activities?

What is the approximate hamstring/quadriceps ratio at normal speed during isokinetic testing?

What is the primary purpose of resisted isometric movements during muscle testing?

Which muscle is commonly weak in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries?

Which of the following is NOT a measure of functional assessment for the knee?

Which of the following is a characteristic of noncopers in relation to knee function?

Which of the following is a recommended criterion for functional testing of the knee?

Which of the following is NOT a functional test for the knee?

Which of the following is a measure of limb symmetry in functional testing of the knee?

Which of the following is a recommended questionnaire for assessing knee outcomes?

Which test measures patients attempting to return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament injury?

What is the primary function of the patella in the knee joint?

What is the normal range of passive medial rotation of the tibia on the femur at 90° of knee flexion in non-weight bearing?

What is the normal range of valgus alignment in adults?

Which ligament is the primary static restraint to lateral patellar displacement at 20° of knee flexion?

Which of the following is a dynamic tilt and rotation problem of the patella?

Which structures can cause rotation and tilt of the patella if they are tight?

What is a more functional position to test the side-to-side passive motion of the patella?

What is the term for excessive differences in alignment that can lead to patellofemoral symptoms or instability?

What does a patella that has been dislocated laterally indicate in terms of patellar mobility?

What is the term for an abnormal swelling caused by herniation of synovial tissue through a weakening in the posterior capsule wall?

What measurements can be used to describe the amount of patellar movement based on quadrants or fourths of patellar movement?

Which test involves the patient hopping as far as possible, taking three hops?

What is the primary purpose of the limb symmetry index (LSI)?

What is the recommended position of the hip and knee during takeoff for the maximal controlled leap test?

What is the purpose of the coactivation of the quadriceps and hamstrings during exercise?

What modification is recommended for the hop tests to measure functional leg power?

What is the purpose of the side jump test?

Which test requires the patient to hop as far as possible, taking three hops?

What is the normal range of passive lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur at 90° of knee flexion?

Which ligament provides up to 19% of the resistance against lateral patellar displacement?

Which muscle's tightness can prevent full excursion of the patella in the trochlea, especially if the hip is extended?

What is the main difference between the medial and lateral menisci in terms of shape?

When can posterior cruciate ligament injuries have more vague symptoms of unsteadiness or discomfort?

Which ligament is the primary restraint to anterior tibial displacement in the knee joint?

Which ligament is the primary restraint to varus-valgus motion in full extension and rotation in the knee joint?

Which ligament acts as a secondary restraint to varus-valgus motion in the knee joint?

Which ligament acts as a secondary restraint to anterior tibial displacement in the knee joint?

What happens if the primary restraint is injured in the knee joint?

What happens if the secondary restraint is injured in the knee joint?

Which movement is assessed during the abduction (valgus stress) test for one-plane medial instability?

What is the recommended starting position for the knee during the abduction (valgus stress) test for one-plane medial instability?

Which ligament is the primary static restraint to lateral patellar displacement at 20° of knee flexion?

What is the normal range of passive lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur at 90° of knee flexion?

Which muscle guarding can adversely affect the outcome of ligament stability tests?

What is the primary cause of patellofemoral arthralgia?

Which ligament is responsible for preventing anterior movement of the tibia on the femur?

Which ligament is the primary stabilizer of the knee against posterior movement of the tibia on the femur?

Which ligament is responsible for checking lateral rotation of the tibia in flexion?

Which ligament is responsible for checking extension and hyperextension at the knee?

Which ligament acts as a rotary guide to the 'screwing home' mechanism of the knee?

Which ligament is a primary stabilizer of the knee against medial rotation of the tibia on the femur?

Which ligament is commonly injured when a valgus stress is applied to the knee in extension?

Which ligament is often injured when a varus stress is applied to the knee in extension?

Which ligament may be injured if the tibia moves away from the femur when a valgus stress is applied to the knee in flexion?

Which ligament may be injured if the tibia moves away from the femur when a varus stress is applied to the knee in flexion?

What is the classification of a positive finding on the valgus stress test in full extension?

What is the classification of a positive finding on the varus stress test in full extension?

Which test measures postsurgical anterior cruciate ligament patients and includes ROM for the knee and ankle, single-leg hop, triple hop, crossover triple hop, single-leg squatting, lateral jumping (bounding) and pivoting, 6-m (20-feet) straight line run with acceleration, deceleration, and change in direction, and plyometric box jump 30-cm (12-inch) box height?

Which test battery, developed by Hildebrandt et al., includes a two-leg stability test, a one-leg stability test, a two-leg countermove jump (CMJ), a one-leg CMJ, plyometric jumps, speedy test, and quick feet test?

Which test assesses the physical function of older patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis and includes walking a distance of 2.4 m (8 feet), ascending/descending four stairs, rising from/sitting down from a chair five times, measuring hip/knee flexion ROM, isometric quadriceps strength, and completing the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC)?

Which numerical rating system is commonly used to determine the state of the knee?

What is the primary purpose of knee-specific, activity-specific, and general health questionnaires?

What type of pain is usually associated with degenerative changes?

Which test is used to assess for one-plane medial instability of the knee?

What is the recommended starting position for the knee during the abduction (valgus stress) test?

What is the primary function of the abduction (valgus stress) test?

What should the examiner stabilize during the abduction (valgus stress) test?

What is the approximate flexion angle of the knee during the abduction (valgus stress) test?

What is the primary purpose of practicing the chosen techniques for assessing ligament stability of the knee?

Which ligament is the primary restraint to anterior tibial displacement and a secondary restraint to varus-valgus motion in full extension and rotation?

What is the primary function of the menisci in the knee joint?

Which ligament acts as a rotary guide to the 'screwing home' mechanism of the knee?

What is the normal range of dorsiflexion when testing the gastrocnemius muscle?

When can posterior cruciate ligament injuries have more vague symptoms of unsteadiness or discomfort?

What type of pain is usually associated with degenerative changes in the knee?

Which ligament is the primary stabilizer of the knee against posterior movement of the tibia on the femur?

Which ligament prevents anterior movement of the tibia on the femur?

Which ligament helps to check lateral rotation of the tibia in flexion?

Which ligament is named in relation to its attachment to the tibia?

Which ligament is round and lies under the tendon of the biceps femoris muscle?

Which ligament is made up of two layers, one superficial and one deep?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for checking medial rotation of the tibia in flexion?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for checking lateral rotation of the tibia in flexion?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for checking varus-valgus motion in the knee joint?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for checking anterior tibial displacement in the knee joint?

Which structure may be injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed on the valgus stress test performed in full extension?

Which structure may be injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed on the varus stress test performed in full extension?

Which of the following tests is specifically designed to measure the physical function of older patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis?

Which of the following is NOT included in the Vail Sport Test?

Which test battery includes a two-leg stability test, a one-leg stability test, a two-leg countermove jump (CMJ), a one-leg CMJ, plyometric jumps, speedy test, and quick feet test?

Which of the following tests is specifically designed to measure patients attempting to return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament injury?

Which ligament acts as a rotary guide to the 'screwing home' mechanism of the knee?

Which of the following is a measure of functional assessment for the knee?

Which knee rating system is specifically designed for active individuals and assesses pain, swelling, stability, and activity level?

Which knee rating scale separates knee rating and functional assessment?

Which knee rating scale primarily measures clinical instability but can also be used for chondral lesions of the knee?

Which knee rating scale is useful in determining the patient's current level of activity relative to their previous level?

Which knee rating scale measures psychological responses to return to sport involving emotions, confidence in performance, and risk appraisal?

Which knee rating scale measures self-sufficiency during daily activities?

Which ligament is the primary stabilizer of the knee against posterior movement of the tibia on the femur?

Which ligament prevents anterior movement of the tibia on the femur?

Which ligament is tight in both flexion and extension and helps to stabilize medial and lateral rotation?

Which ligament is a primary stabilizer of the knee against lateral rotation of the tibia in flexion?

Which ligament is a primary stabilizer of the knee against posterior movement of the tibia on the femur and checks extension and hyperextension?

Which ligament helps to maintain rotary stability and functions as the knee's central axis of rotation?

Which of the following is NOT a key point to keep in mind when testing for ligament stability of the knee?

What does a soft or indistinct end feel usually signify when testing for ligament stability of the knee?

Which ligaments are commonly injured in cases of anterolateral rotary instability (ALRI)?

What is the term used to describe left-right differences of 3 mm or more when testing for ligament stability of the knee?

What is the recommended starting position for the knee during the abduction (valgus stress) test for one-plane medial instability?

Why are tests for ligament instability more accurate for assessment of a chronic injury than for assessment of an acute injury in the unanesthetized knee?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for checking lateral rotation of the tibia in flexion?

What structures may have been injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed on full extension during the valgus stress test?

What structures may have been injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed when the knee is flexed to 20° to 30° during the valgus stress test?

What is the approximate degree of passive lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur at 90° of knee flexion?

What is the approximate degree of passive medial rotation of the tibia on the femur when the knee is flexed to 90°?

What is the recommended starting position for the knee during the abduction (valgus stress) test for one-plane medial instability?

Which test measures the time taken for the patient to hop from marker to marker on each line, with the good leg tested first?

What is the primary function of the menisci in the knee joint?

Which ligament provides up to 19% of the resistance against lateral patellar displacement?

What can a distinct pop during an injury indicate?

What type of injury may be indicated by a distinct pop during the injury?

Which ligament may be injured if the tibia moves away from the femur when a varus stress is applied to the knee in flexion?

Which test is considered the 'gold standard' for a clinical diagnosis of an anterior cruciate ligament injury?

Which ligament is primarily tested in the 90–90 anterior drawer test?

What is a positive sign in the Lachman test?

What other ligament may be injured to some degree if the Lachman test is positive?

Which ligament is primarily tested in the posterior drawer test?

What is the primary role of the menisci in the knee joint?

Which test is used to assess both anterior rotary instabilities?

What is the position of the knee during the Dejour Test?

Which ligament is primarily assessed during the Reverse Lachman Test?

Which ligament is often involved in a positive Posterior Sag Sign?

What is the primary purpose of the voluntary anterior drawer sign?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for checking lateral rotation of the tibia in flexion?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting anterior translation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting posterior translation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting medial rotation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting varus stress (inward force) applied to the knee in flexion?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting valgus stress (outward force) applied to the knee in flexion?

Which structures may have been injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed on the rotary instability test with the knee flexed 20° to 30° and lateral rotation of the tibia?

What is the classification of a grade 1 injury to the lateral ligaments of the knee based on a stress radiograph taken during the varus stress test in full extension?

What is the classification of a grade 2 injury to the lateral ligaments of the knee based on a stress radiograph taken during the varus stress test in full extension?

What is the classification of a grade 3 injury to the lateral ligaments of the knee based on a stress radiograph taken during the varus stress test in full extension?

During the varus-valgus stress testing, what part of the examiner's hands are used to apply varus and valgus stresses?

Which tests are primarily designed to test the anterior cruciate ligament?

Which test is recommended for examiners with small hands during the Lachman test?

Which modification of the Lachman test involves the patient lying supine with the leg to be examined abducted off the side of the examining table and the knee flexed to 25°?

Which modification of the Lachman test has the patient lying supine while the examiner stabilizes the foot between the examiner’s thorax and arm, and performs an anterior drawer movement with both hands placed around the tibia?

Which modification of the Lachman test involves the examiner grasping the femur with one hand and the tibia with the other hand while the patient lies supine?

Which test is used to assess the integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) by observing the relation of the tibial plateau to the femoral condyles?

What does a positive Lever Sign test indicate?

Which test is used to assess both anterior rotary instabilities?

Which ligament is primarily tested in the posterior drawer test?

Which ligament is primarily tested in the reverse Lachman test?

Which ligament is primarily tested in the Dejour test?

Which ligament is primarily tested in the voluntary anterior drawer sign?

Which ligament is primarily tested in the Slocum test?

Which test is the best indicator of injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), especially the posterolateral band?

What is the primary role of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the knee?

Which ligament provides up to 19% of the resistance against lateral patellar displacement?

What is a possible cause of a positive finding on the valgus stress test performed in full extension?

What is the primary function of the menisci in the knee joint?

What may be noted in the presence of pathological patellar tracking and patellar instability?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for stabilizing the knee against medial rotation of the tibia on the femur?

What is the grade of injury indicated by a stress radiograph showing a 5-mm opening during the varus stress test performed in full extension?

Which ligament should be tested or observed for a posterior sag before testing the anterior cruciate ligament to rule out false-positive tests for anterior translation?

Which ligament is the primary static restraint to lateral patellar displacement at 20° of knee flexion?

Which ligament helps to maintain rotary stability and functions as the knee's central axis of rotation?

Which structures may have been injured to some degree if the rotary instability test is positive when the knee is flexed 20° to 30° with lateral rotation of the tibia?

Which test is recommended for examiners with small hands to perform the Lachman test?

Which modification of the Lachman test involves the patient lying supine with the leg to be examined abducted off the side of the examining table and the knee flexed to 25°?

Which modification of the Lachman test has the examiner stabilizing the foot between the examiner's thorax and arm, with both hands placed around the tibia?

Which modification of the Lachman test involves the examiner standing beside the leg to be tested, grasping the femur with one hand and the tibia with the other hand?

Which modification of the Lachman test has the patient lying prone, with the examiner stabilizing the foot between the examiner's thorax and arm and placing one hand around the tibia?

Which modification of the Lachman test involves the patient actively extending the knee while the examiner watches for anterior displacement of the tibia relative to the unaffected side?

During the active drawer test, the patient is asked to try to straighten the leg and the examiner prevents the patient from doing so. This test is primarily used to assess the integrity of which ligament?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting anterior translation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting varus stress (lateral opening) of the knee joint?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting valgus stress (medial opening) of the knee joint?

Which ligament is often involved in a positive Posterior Sag Sign?

Which ligament is the primary stabilizer of the knee against posterior movement of the tibia on the femur?

Which structures may have been injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed on the rotary instability test with the knee flexed 20° to 30° and lateral rotation of the tibia?

What is the classification of a positive finding on the valgus stress test in full extension?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for checking anterior tibial displacement in the knee joint?

What is the primary function of the menisci in the knee joint?

What does a patella that has been dislocated laterally indicate in terms of patellar mobility?

Which knee rating scale is useful in determining the patient's current level of activity relative to their previous level?

Which ligament is primarily tested in the Lachman test?

What is the most common cause of a positive finding on the anterior drawer test?

What is the primary function of the posterior oblique ligament in the knee joint?

Which ligament is the primary restraint to varus-valgus motion in full extension and rotation in the knee joint?

What is the primary cause of a false-negative Lachman test result?

Which ligament is commonly tested in the valgus stress test performed in full extension?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for stabilizing the knee against anterior translation of the tibia on the femur?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for stabilizing the knee against posterior translation of the tibia on the femur?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for stabilizing the knee against medial rotation of the tibia on the femur?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for stabilizing the knee against lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur?

Which ligament is responsible for limiting extension and hyperextension at the knee?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting varus and valgus stress at the knee?

What is the purpose of the posterior drawer test?

What is the purpose of the Godfrey (Gravity) test?

What is the purpose of the posterior sag sign (Gravity Drawer Test)?

What does a positive posterior sag sign indicate?

What is the purpose of the reverse Lachman test?

What is the purpose of the Dejour test?

Which test is recommended for examiners with small hands to stabilize the thigh and apply an anterior stress during the Lachman test?

Which modification of the Lachman test involves the patient lying supine with the leg to be examined abducted off the side of the examining table and the knee flexed to 25°?

Which modification of the Lachman test has the patient lying supine while the examiner stabilizes the foot between the examiner’s thorax and arm, and performs an anterior drawer movement with the knee flexed 20° to 30°?

Which modification of the Lachman test involves the examiner grasping the femur with one hand and the tibia with the other hand while the patient lies supine?

Which test for anterior cruciate ligament tear involves the examiner placing a closed fist under the proximal third of the patient’s calf and applying a moderate downward force to the distal third of the quadriceps, causing the heel to lift off the examining table if the ligament is intact?

Which test for anterior cruciate ligament tear involves the examiner watching for anterior displacement of the tibia relative to the unaffected side while the patient lies supine with the knee over the examiner’s forearm and actively extends the knee?

Which ligament plays a major role in restraining anterior subluxation of the lateral tibial plateau and tibial medial rotation?

Which ligament helps the anterior cruciate ligament near extension?

Which ligament plays a role in stabilization through the changing degrees of knee flexion during the rotation that occurs with the tests?

Which ligament is primarily tested in the Active Pivot Shift Test?

Which ligament is tested in the Crossover Test of Arnold?

Which ligament is primarily tested in the Flexion-Extension Valgus Test?

What is the purpose of the Losee Test in assessing knee stability?

Which test is a clinical duplication of the anterolateral rotary instability (ALRI) mechanism of injury?

What is the primary purpose of the Noyes Flexion-Rotation Drawer Test?

Which test is believed to be more sensitive than other anterolateral rotary instability (ALRI) tests?

What is the main advantage of the Slocum ALRI test?

What is the position of the knee during the Slocum ALRI test?

What is the purpose of the MacIntosh test?

What is the position of the patient during the MacIntosh test?

What is the role of the iliotibial band in the MacIntosh test?

What structures are likely to be injured if the MacIntosh test is positive?

What is the purpose of the Lemaire's Jolt Test?

What is the position of the patient during the Lemaire's Jolt Test?

Which ligament is tested with the Posterior Sag Sign (Gravity Drawer Test)?

What is the position of the knee during the Posterior Sag Sign (Gravity Drawer Test)?

What happens to the tibia during the Posterior Sag Sign (Gravity Drawer Test) if the posterior cruciate ligament is torn?

What is the significance of the 'step-off' test or thumb sign during the Posterior Sag Sign (Gravity Drawer Test)?

What other ligamentous structures may have been injured if a positive finding is observed on the Posterior Sag Sign (Gravity Drawer Test)?

What action should the patient perform during the voluntary anterior drawer sign?

Which ligament is primarily tested in the Reverse Lachman Test?

Which ligament is primarily tested in the Dejour Test?

Which structures may have been injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed on the Slocum Test with the foot in 30° medial rotation?

Which structures may have been injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed on the Slocum Test with the foot in 15° of lateral rotation?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting medial rotation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?

Which ligament is primarily tested in the voluntary anterior drawer sign?

Which ligament is primarily tested in the posterior drawer test?

Which ligament is the primary static restraint to lateral patellar displacement at 20° of knee flexion?

What structures may have been injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed on full extension during the valgus stress test?

What is the primary cause of patellofemoral arthralgia?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting varus stress (inward force) applied to the knee in flexion?

What is the purpose of the coactivation of the quadriceps and hamstrings during exercise?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for restraining anterior subluxation of the lateral tibial plateau and tibial medial rotation?

Which ligament helps the anterior cruciate ligament near extension and resists the valgus component of the tests?

Which ligament plays a role in stabilization through the changing degrees of knee flexion during rotation that occurs with the tests?

Which ligament is primarily assessed during the Active Pivot Shift Test?

Which ligament is tested during the Crossover Test of Arnold?

Which ligament is tested during the Flexion-Extension Valgus Test?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting posterior tibial displacement in the knee joint?

What is the purpose of the step-off test or thumb sign?

Which ligament is commonly involved in injuries that cause posterior sag?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting varus-valgus motion in the knee joint?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for checking lateral patellar displacement at 20° of knee flexion?

Which ligament provides up to 19% of the resistance against lateral patellar displacement?

What is the position of the patient during the pivot shift test?

What is the purpose of placing the heel of the hand behind the fibula during the pivot shift test?

Why did Bach and colleagues modify the position of the pivot shift test to slight lateral rotation?

Why does subluxation occur during the pivot shift test?

What is the recommended action for the examiner during the soft pivot shift test?

What does a positive Lemaire's Jolt Test indicate?

Which test can be used to check for functional instability after surgical reconstruction?

Which test is a modification of the pivot shift maneuver and is believed to be more sensitive than other anterior lateral rotary instability (ALRI) tests?

Which test involves applying a valgus stress to the knee while flexing the knee, with the subluxation of the knee reducing at between 25° and 45° of flexion if the test is positive?

Which test involves pushing the femur posteriorly while applying a valgus stress to the knee as it is flexed, until the tibia reduces, indicating a positive test?

Which test involves medially rotating the tibia while pushing the head of the fibula forward, noting whether subluxation of the fibula occurs, which indicates a positive test?

Which test involves applying a valgus force to the knee while extending the patient's knee and applying forward pressure behind the fibular head with the thumb, and a 'clunk' forward is felt just before full extension of the knee if the test is positive?

Which structure must be intact for the Lachman test to work?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting anterior translation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?

Which ligament may be injured if the tibia moves away from the femur when a varus stress is applied to the knee in flexion?

Which ligament is commonly involved in deceleration injuries to the knee?

What is the primary function of the patella in the knee joint?

What structures can cause rotation and tilt of the patella if they are tight?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting posterior translation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?

Which ligament is often involved in a posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury, often resulting from flexion with posterior translation?

Which structures may have been injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed on the Slocum Test with the foot in 15° of lateral rotation?

In which position should the passive motion of the patella be tested to indicate functional instability?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for checking anterior tibial displacement in the knee joint?

What ligament is often involved in a posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury, often resulting from flexion with posterior translation?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting anterior translation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?

Which ligament is primarily tested in the Lachman test?

Which ligament is primarily tested in the posterior drawer test?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting posterior translation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?

Which ligament may be injured if the tibia moves away from the femur when a valgus stress is applied to the knee in flexion?

Which ligament is primarily tested in the abduction (valgus stress) test for one-plane medial instability?

Which ligament is tested in the reverse Lachman test?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting varus stress (inward force) applied to the knee in flexion?

Which ligament may be injured if the tibia moves away from the femur when a varus stress is applied to the knee in flexion?

What is the primary function of the menisci in the knee joint?

What ligament is often involved in a posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury, often resulting from flexion with posterior translation?

Which structure may be injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed on the varus stress test performed in full extension?

What is the purpose of the lateral rotation of the knee in the valgus stress test?

Which test can be used as a good check of functional instability after surgical reconstruction?

What is the main advantage of the Slocum ALRI test?

Which test is a modification of the pivot shift maneuver and is believed to be more sensitive than other ALRI tests?

What is the purpose of the valgus stress applied to the knee in the Noyes Flexion-Rotation Drawer Test?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting valgus stress applied to the knee in flexion?

Which position is used to test for abnormal anterior displacement of the knee in a posterior cruciate ligament sprain?

What is the difference between the 7-kg and 9-kg anterior displacement tests called?

What is the maximum anterior displacement test used to diagnose?

What is the significance of a difference of more than 3 mm between the good and injured legs in the anterior displacement tests?

What factors can greatly affect the accuracy of readings for these devices?

What type of tests have been found to be more responsive to translation differences?

Which of the following structures must be injured to some degree for Posterolateral Rotatory Instability (PLRI) to occur?

Which of the following tests is used to assess Posteromedial and Posterolateral Drawer Sign?

Which test involves the patient standing and leaning against a wall while the examiner applies valgus stress and initiates knee flexion?

Which test involves the examiner laterally rotating the tibia on the femur and comparing the amount of rotation with the unaffected side?

Which test is used to assess loss of posterolateral support structures of the knee?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for checking anterior tibial displacement in the knee joint?

Which test is commonly used to assist in diagnosing ligament injuries in the knee by detecting abnormal motion?

What is the most commonly used ligament testing device for measuring anteroposterior displacement in the knee?

Which ligament testing device is best for measuring posterior laxity in the knee?

What is the most common position used to establish a reference position for the Quadriceps Neutral Test?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?

What is the primary function of ligament testing devices for the knee?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for restraining anterior subluxation of the lateral tibial plateau and tibial medial rotation?

Which ligament is commonly involved in injuries that cause posterior sag?

Which test involves applying a valgus stress to the knee while flexing the knee, with the subluxation of the knee reducing at between 25° and 45° of flexion if the test is positive?

What is the normal range of passive medial rotation of the tibia on the femur at 90° of knee flexion in non-weight bearing?