Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which position is considered the close packed position of the knee joint?
Which position is considered the close packed position of the knee joint?
- Full flexion
- Partial extension
- Full extension (correct)
- Partial flexion
Which meniscus is thicker posteriorly than anteriorly?
Which meniscus is thicker posteriorly than anteriorly?
- Medial meniscus (correct)
- Lateral meniscus
- Both menisci
- None of the above
Which meniscus has an excursion of 10 mm during movement from extension to flexion?
Which meniscus has an excursion of 10 mm during movement from extension to flexion?
- Medial meniscus
- Lateral meniscus (correct)
- Both menisci
- None of the above
What is the primary function of the menisci in the knee joint?
What is the primary function of the menisci in the knee joint?
What is the primary function of the coronary ligaments in relation to the menisci?
What is the primary function of the coronary ligaments in relation to the menisci?
What is the patella considered to be within the patellar tendon?
What is the patella considered to be within the patellar tendon?
Which ligaments are commonly involved in acceleration and twisting injuries?
Which ligaments are commonly involved in acceleration and twisting injuries?
What type of pain is usually associated with degenerative changes?
What type of pain is usually associated with degenerative changes?
Which condition is more likely to be associated with stiffness in the morning and eases with activity?
Which condition is more likely to be associated with stiffness in the morning and eases with activity?
What is a possible cause of anterior knee pain?
What is a possible cause of anterior knee pain?
What is a characteristic of pain in structural abnormalities?
What is a characteristic of pain in structural abnormalities?
What does the presence of instability in the knee usually indicate?
What does the presence of instability in the knee usually indicate?
From which direction did the injuring force come?
From which direction did the injuring force come?
Which joint in the body is the largest?
Which joint in the body is the largest?
What type of playing surface increases the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injuries?
What type of playing surface increases the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injuries?
Why is the knee joint particularly susceptible to traumatic injury?
Why is the knee joint particularly susceptible to traumatic injury?
What type of shoe can indicate stress put on the lower leg, ankle, and foot?
What type of shoe can indicate stress put on the lower leg, ankle, and foot?
Why are ligamentous tests listed in a separate section during the examination of the knee?
Why are ligamentous tests listed in a separate section during the examination of the knee?
Which joints may refer pain to the knee?
Which joints may refer pain to the knee?
What can lead to arthritic changes and increase the risk of injury?
What can lead to arthritic changes and increase the risk of injury?
What does it mean for the cruciate ligaments to be extrasynovial?
What does it mean for the cruciate ligaments to be extrasynovial?
What can a distinct pop during an injury indicate?
What can a distinct pop during an injury indicate?
When can posterior cruciate ligament injuries have more vague symptoms of unsteadiness or discomfort?
When can posterior cruciate ligament injuries have more vague symptoms of unsteadiness or discomfort?
How many degrees of freedom does the tibiofemoral joint have?
How many degrees of freedom does the tibiofemoral joint have?
Which part of the patella is most frequently affected in chondromalacia patellae or patellofemoral syndrome?
Which part of the patella is most frequently affected in chondromalacia patellae or patellofemoral syndrome?
During the movement from flexion to extension, different parts of the patella articulate with the femoral condyles until at least how many degrees of flexion is reached?
During the movement from flexion to extension, different parts of the patella articulate with the femoral condyles until at least how many degrees of flexion is reached?
Which ligament is the primary static restraint to lateral patellar displacement at 20° of knee flexion?
Which ligament is the primary static restraint to lateral patellar displacement at 20° of knee flexion?
What is the primary mechanism of injury that often results in injury to the medial collateral ligament, frequently accompanied by injury to the posteromedial capsule, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)?
What is the primary mechanism of injury that often results in injury to the medial collateral ligament, frequently accompanied by injury to the posteromedial capsule, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)?
What ligament is often involved in an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, often associated with meniscus tears, resulting from hyperextension?
What ligament is often involved in an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, often associated with meniscus tears, resulting from hyperextension?
What ligament is often involved in a posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury, often resulting from flexion with posterior translation?
What ligament is often involved in a posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury, often resulting from flexion with posterior translation?
Which structures are often involved in deceleration injuries to the knee?
Which structures are often involved in deceleration injuries to the knee?
What type of pain is usually associated with degenerative changes in the knee?
What type of pain is usually associated with degenerative changes in the knee?
What is the most likely cause of anterior knee pain?
What is the most likely cause of anterior knee pain?
What is the major presenting factor in complex ligament disruptions or muscle dysfunction in the knee?
What is the major presenting factor in complex ligament disruptions or muscle dysfunction in the knee?
What is the primary cause of true locking of the knee?
What is the primary cause of true locking of the knee?
What may cause grating or clicking in the knee during movement?
What may cause grating or clicking in the knee during movement?
Which type of injury to the knee is more likely to cause bony avulsions?
Which type of injury to the knee is more likely to cause bony avulsions?
What type of playing surface increases the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injuries?
What type of playing surface increases the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injuries?
What is the term used to describe injuries to the growth plate or physis in young children?
What is the term used to describe injuries to the growth plate or physis in young children?
What is the term used to describe injury to the tibial tubercle apophysis in young children?
What is the term used to describe injury to the tibial tubercle apophysis in young children?
What type of injury may be indicated by a distinct pop during the injury?
What type of injury may be indicated by a distinct pop during the injury?
When can posterior cruciate ligament injuries have more vague symptoms of unsteadiness or discomfort?
When can posterior cruciate ligament injuries have more vague symptoms of unsteadiness or discomfort?
Which position of the knee joint is considered the close packed position?
Which position of the knee joint is considered the close packed position?
Which meniscus in the knee joint has an excursion of 10 mm during movement?
Which meniscus in the knee joint has an excursion of 10 mm during movement?
What is the primary function of the menisci in the knee joint?
What is the primary function of the menisci in the knee joint?
What is the main difference between the medial and lateral menisci in terms of shape?
What is the main difference between the medial and lateral menisci in terms of shape?
What is the primary function of the coronary ligaments in relation to the menisci?
What is the primary function of the coronary ligaments in relation to the menisci?
What is the primary function of the patella in the knee joint?
What is the primary function of the patella in the knee joint?
Which joint connects one long bone 'sitting' on another long bone and depends on ligaments and muscles for its strength and stability?
Which joint connects one long bone 'sitting' on another long bone and depends on ligaments and muscles for its strength and stability?
What is the largest joint in the body?
What is the largest joint in the body?
Which joint has 2 degrees of freedom and is a modified hinge joint?
Which joint has 2 degrees of freedom and is a modified hinge joint?
Which ligaments in the knee joint are extrasynovial?
Which ligaments in the knee joint are extrasynovial?
Which joints may refer pain to the knee?
Which joints may refer pain to the knee?
Why are ligamentous tests listed in a separate section during the examination of the knee?
Why are ligamentous tests listed in a separate section during the examination of the knee?
Which ligament provides up to 19% of the resistance against lateral patellar displacement?
Which ligament provides up to 19% of the resistance against lateral patellar displacement?
What is the primary function of the patella in the knee joint?
What is the primary function of the patella in the knee joint?
Which ligament is the primary static restraint to lateral patellar displacement at 20° of knee flexion?
Which ligament is the primary static restraint to lateral patellar displacement at 20° of knee flexion?
What is the primary mechanism of injury that often involves the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)?
What is the primary mechanism of injury that often involves the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)?
What ligament runs from the anterior horn of the medial meniscus to the inferior portion of the medial border of the patella?
What ligament runs from the anterior horn of the medial meniscus to the inferior portion of the medial border of the patella?
What ligament runs between the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus and the inferior aspect of the capsule?
What ligament runs between the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus and the inferior aspect of the capsule?
Which position is considered the close packed position of the knee joint?
Which position is considered the close packed position of the knee joint?
What is the primary function of the menisci in the knee joint?
What is the primary function of the menisci in the knee joint?
Which meniscus is thicker posteriorly than anteriorly?
Which meniscus is thicker posteriorly than anteriorly?
What is the primary function of the coronary ligaments in relation to the menisci?
What is the primary function of the coronary ligaments in relation to the menisci?
What is the primary function of the patella in the knee joint?
What is the primary function of the patella in the knee joint?
Which meniscus has an excursion of 10 mm during movement from extension to flexion?
Which meniscus has an excursion of 10 mm during movement from extension to flexion?
Which type of injury to the knee is more likely to cause bony avulsions?
Which type of injury to the knee is more likely to cause bony avulsions?
What is the primary mechanism of injury that often results in injury to the medial collateral ligament, frequently accompanied by injury to the posteromedial capsule, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)?
What is the primary mechanism of injury that often results in injury to the medial collateral ligament, frequently accompanied by injury to the posteromedial capsule, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)?
What can a distinct pop during an injury indicate?
What can a distinct pop during an injury indicate?
Which ligaments are commonly involved in acceleration and twisting injuries?
Which ligaments are commonly involved in acceleration and twisting injuries?
Why are ligamentous tests listed in a separate section during the examination of the knee?
Why are ligamentous tests listed in a separate section during the examination of the knee?
Which joint in the body is particularly susceptible to traumatic injury due to its location at the ends of two long lever arms?
Which joint in the body is particularly susceptible to traumatic injury due to its location at the ends of two long lever arms?
What is the most likely cause of anterior knee pain?
What is the most likely cause of anterior knee pain?
Why are ligamentous tests listed in a separate section during the examination of the knee?
Why are ligamentous tests listed in a separate section during the examination of the knee?
Which joints may refer pain to the knee, requiring assessment during the examination?
Which joints may refer pain to the knee, requiring assessment during the examination?
What is the primary function of the coronary ligaments in relation to the menisci?
What is the primary function of the coronary ligaments in relation to the menisci?
Which ligament is often involved in an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, often associated with meniscus tears, resulting from hyperextension?
Which ligament is often involved in an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, often associated with meniscus tears, resulting from hyperextension?
Which joint in the body is the largest and has 2 degrees of freedom?
Which joint in the body is the largest and has 2 degrees of freedom?
Which ligament is commonly involved in deceleration injuries to the knee?
Which ligament is commonly involved in deceleration injuries to the knee?
What is the primary cause of true locking of the knee?
What is the primary cause of true locking of the knee?
Which ligament is the primary static restraint to lateral patellar displacement at 20° of knee flexion?
Which ligament is the primary static restraint to lateral patellar displacement at 20° of knee flexion?
Which ligament runs from the anterior horn of the medial meniscus to the inferior portion of the medial border of the patella?
Which ligament runs from the anterior horn of the medial meniscus to the inferior portion of the medial border of the patella?
What type of pain is usually associated with degenerative changes in the knee?
What type of pain is usually associated with degenerative changes in the knee?
What type of pain is usually associated with synovial plica irritation or early tendinosis?
What type of pain is usually associated with synovial plica irritation or early tendinosis?
Which ligament is the primary static restraint to lateral patellar displacement at 20° of knee flexion?
Which ligament is the primary static restraint to lateral patellar displacement at 20° of knee flexion?
Which ligament runs from the medial femoral condyle to its attachment onto the medial border of the patella?
Which ligament runs from the medial femoral condyle to its attachment onto the medial border of the patella?
What is the primary function of the patella in the knee joint?
What is the primary function of the patella in the knee joint?
What is the primary function of the menisci in the knee joint?
What is the primary function of the menisci in the knee joint?
Which ligament provides up to 19% of the resistance against lateral patellar displacement?
Which ligament provides up to 19% of the resistance against lateral patellar displacement?
What is the primary cause of patellofemoral arthralgia?
What is the primary cause of patellofemoral arthralgia?
During the observation phase, if a squinting or rotated patella is seen, it may indicate which of the following conditions?
During the observation phase, if a squinting or rotated patella is seen, it may indicate which of the following conditions?
Which of the following conditions may be indicated by genu recurvatum (hyperextended knee)?
Which of the following conditions may be indicated by genu recurvatum (hyperextended knee)?
Which of the following conditions may be indicated by a fixed flexion deformity?
Which of the following conditions may be indicated by a fixed flexion deformity?
Which condition may increase the patellofemoral contact force during flexion and contribute to anterior knee pain?
Which condition may increase the patellofemoral contact force during flexion and contribute to anterior knee pain?
Which condition may cause the inferior pole of the patella to tilt in, leading to fat pad irritation?
Which condition may cause the inferior pole of the patella to tilt in, leading to fat pad irritation?
Which of the following conditions is associated with medial tibial torsion and a 'pigeon-toed' foot deformity?
Which of the following conditions is associated with medial tibial torsion and a 'pigeon-toed' foot deformity?
During active knee extension, the knee extensor muscles develop the greatest force at what degree?
During active knee extension, the knee extensor muscles develop the greatest force at what degree?
What is the end feel of flexion at the tibiofemoral joint?
What is the end feel of flexion at the tibiofemoral joint?
What is the primary cause of quadriceps lag?
What is the primary cause of quadriceps lag?
What is the normal range of passive medial rotation of the tibia on the femur at 90° of knee flexion?
What is the normal range of passive medial rotation of the tibia on the femur at 90° of knee flexion?
What is the normal range of passive lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur at 90° of knee flexion?
What is the normal range of passive lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur at 90° of knee flexion?
What is the primary purpose of the motion palpation test for articular damage in the knee?
What is the primary purpose of the motion palpation test for articular damage in the knee?
During the examination of the knee, the examiner should observe the movement of the patella as it tracks along the femoral trochlea. Which of the following patterns is considered normal for the movement of the patella?
During the examination of the knee, the examiner should observe the movement of the patella as it tracks along the femoral trochlea. Which of the following patterns is considered normal for the movement of the patella?
Which of the following is a possible indication of patellar tracking problems during knee examination?
Which of the following is a possible indication of patellar tracking problems during knee examination?
Which of the following muscles can lead to increased stress on the knee if the hip abductors are weak?
Which of the following muscles can lead to increased stress on the knee if the hip abductors are weak?
Which of the following factors can put extra pressure on the patellofemoral joint during gait?
Which of the following factors can put extra pressure on the patellofemoral joint during gait?
Which of the following is true about the examination of the knee?
Which of the following is true about the examination of the knee?
What is the normal range of full knee flexion?
What is the normal range of full knee flexion?
Which of the following questions can give an indication of the patient's functional disability and how much the knee is bothering the patient?
Which of the following questions can give an indication of the patient's functional disability and how much the knee is bothering the patient?
What contributes to lower limb load distribution across each joint articular surface?
What contributes to lower limb load distribution across each joint articular surface?
What malalignment should the examiner note from the anterior aspect?
What malalignment should the examiner note from the anterior aspect?
What is the normal development sequence of the knee in children?
What is the normal development sequence of the knee in children?
What may observable malalignment around the knee lead to or be the result of?
What may observable malalignment around the knee lead to or be the result of?
When do a child's lower limbs transition from genu varum to straight?
When do a child's lower limbs transition from genu varum to straight?
Which term describes the inward angulation of the knee in children until approximately 3 to 4 years of age?
Which term describes the inward angulation of the knee in children until approximately 3 to 4 years of age?
What is the normal range of valgus alignment in adults?
What is the normal range of valgus alignment in adults?
What is the distance between the ankles that is considered excessive in cases of genu valgum?
What is the distance between the ankles that is considered excessive in cases of genu valgum?
What is the term for a varus deformity or genu varum if two or more fingers (4 cm [1.6 inches]) fit between the knees when the ankles are together?
What is the term for a varus deformity or genu varum if two or more fingers (4 cm [1.6 inches]) fit between the knees when the ankles are together?
Which of the following misalignments can lead to patellofemoral symptoms or instability?
Which of the following misalignments can lead to patellofemoral symptoms or instability?
What is the term for the medial collapse during loading (e.g., when doing a squat) that results in dynamic knee valgus?
What is the term for the medial collapse during loading (e.g., when doing a squat) that results in dynamic knee valgus?
Which term is used to describe a condition where the knees touch but the ankles do not, indicating a deformity?
Which term is used to describe a condition where the knees touch but the ankles do not, indicating a deformity?
What is the normal range of valgus alignment in the adult knee?
What is the normal range of valgus alignment in the adult knee?
Which of the following conditions may be associated with patellofemoral symptoms or instability?
Which of the following conditions may be associated with patellofemoral symptoms or instability?
What is the term used to describe a dynamic knee valgus, which is the result of medial collapse during loading?
What is the term used to describe a dynamic knee valgus, which is the result of medial collapse during loading?
What is the position of the knees in a person with an excessive lordosis?
What is the position of the knees in a person with an excessive lordosis?
What is the resting position of the knee, which provides the synovial cavity with the maximum capacity to hold fluid?
What is the resting position of the knee, which provides the synovial cavity with the maximum capacity to hold fluid?
Which joint contributes to lower limb load distribution across each joint articular surface?
Which joint contributes to lower limb load distribution across each joint articular surface?
What is the normal development of the knee in children, in terms of alignment?
What is the normal development of the knee in children, in terms of alignment?
What malalignment deformities should the examiner look for from the anterior aspect?
What malalignment deformities should the examiner look for from the anterior aspect?
What percentage of load does the medial compartment bear across the knee in a neutrally aligned knee?
What percentage of load does the medial compartment bear across the knee in a neutrally aligned knee?
When does a child's lower limbs transition from genu varum to straight alignment?
When does a child's lower limbs transition from genu varum to straight alignment?
What should the examiner note about the patient's weight distribution on the affected limb?
What should the examiner note about the patient's weight distribution on the affected limb?
Which movement of the patella during dynamic movement may indicate excessive lateral patellar shift or maltracking?
Which movement of the patella during dynamic movement may indicate excessive lateral patellar shift or maltracking?
At what angle is active knee extension approximately 0°?
At what angle is active knee extension approximately 0°?
At what angle do the knee extensor muscles develop their greatest force?
At what angle do the knee extensor muscles develop their greatest force?
What is the primary reason for quadriceps lag during knee extension?
What is the primary reason for quadriceps lag during knee extension?
What is the normal range of passive medial rotation of the tibia on the femur at 90° of knee flexion in non-weight bearing?
What is the normal range of passive medial rotation of the tibia on the femur at 90° of knee flexion in non-weight bearing?
What is the end feel of flexion at the tibiofemoral joint?
What is the end feel of flexion at the tibiofemoral joint?
Which view is best for visualizing a popliteal (Baker's) cyst?
Which view is best for visualizing a popliteal (Baker's) cyst?
What is the term used to describe the condition where the patella is higher than normal?
What is the term used to describe the condition where the patella is higher than normal?
What is the term used to describe the condition where the patella is lower than normal?
What is the term used to describe the condition where the patella is lower than normal?
What is the term used to describe the condition where the inferior pole of the patella is tilted in?
What is the term used to describe the condition where the inferior pole of the patella is tilted in?
What is the term used to describe the condition where the patellae face upward and outward, away from each other?
What is the term used to describe the condition where the patellae face upward and outward, away from each other?
Which condition is associated with medial tibial torsion?
Which condition is associated with medial tibial torsion?
During the examination of the knee, what should the examiner observe in relation to the movement of the patella?
During the examination of the knee, what should the examiner observe in relation to the movement of the patella?
What is the normal range of knee flexion in degrees?
What is the normal range of knee flexion in degrees?
What is the normal movement pattern of the patella as the knee moves from extension to flexion?
What is the normal movement pattern of the patella as the knee moves from extension to flexion?
What may be noted in the presence of pathological patellar tracking and patellar instability?
What may be noted in the presence of pathological patellar tracking and patellar instability?
Which muscles should be tested for functional mobility during the examination of the knee?
Which muscles should be tested for functional mobility during the examination of the knee?
What other joints in the kinetic chain should be considered during the examination of the knee?
What other joints in the kinetic chain should be considered during the examination of the knee?
What is the normal range of knee flexion during a squat exercise?
What is the normal range of knee flexion during a squat exercise?
What is the normal pattern of patellar movement during knee flexion?
What is the normal pattern of patellar movement during knee flexion?
What is the inverted 'J' sign indicative of?
What is the inverted 'J' sign indicative of?
What is the primary role of the gracilis and adductor muscles in knee stability?
What is the primary role of the gracilis and adductor muscles in knee stability?
What can tight heel cords result in during gait?
What can tight heel cords result in during gait?
What is the primary cause of patellofemoral pathology or anteromedial joint pain?
What is the primary cause of patellofemoral pathology or anteromedial joint pain?
During active knee extension, the knee extensor muscles develop the greatest force at which degree angle?
During active knee extension, the knee extensor muscles develop the greatest force at which degree angle?
What is the approximate degree of passive medial rotation of the tibia on the femur when the knee is flexed to 90°?
What is the approximate degree of passive medial rotation of the tibia on the femur when the knee is flexed to 90°?
What is the approximate degree of passive lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur at 90° of knee flexion?
What is the approximate degree of passive lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur at 90° of knee flexion?
What is the end feel of flexion at the tibiofemoral joint?
What is the end feel of flexion at the tibiofemoral joint?
What is the end feel of extension and medial/lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur at the tibiofemoral joint?
What is the end feel of extension and medial/lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur at the tibiofemoral joint?
What is the normal range of patellar mobility in extension?
What is the normal range of patellar mobility in extension?
Which of the following is a normal range of valgus alignment for the knee in adults?
Which of the following is a normal range of valgus alignment for the knee in adults?
What is the distance between the ankles considered excessive in determining genu valgum?
What is the distance between the ankles considered excessive in determining genu valgum?
What is the term for excessive differences in alignment that can lead to patellofemoral symptoms or instability?
What is the term for excessive differences in alignment that can lead to patellofemoral symptoms or instability?
What is the term for the position of the knee with 15° to 25° of flexion, which provides the synovial cavity with the maximum capacity to hold fluid?
What is the term for the position of the knee with 15° to 25° of flexion, which provides the synovial cavity with the maximum capacity to hold fluid?
What is the primary cause of posterior knee pain when a patient has an excessive lordosis?
What is the primary cause of posterior knee pain when a patient has an excessive lordosis?
What structures can cause rotation and tilt of the patella if they are tight?
What structures can cause rotation and tilt of the patella if they are tight?
Which of the following questions can give an indication of the patient's functional disability and how much the knee is bothering the patient?
Which of the following questions can give an indication of the patient's functional disability and how much the knee is bothering the patient?
What contributes to lower limb load distribution across each joint articular surface?
What contributes to lower limb load distribution across each joint articular surface?
What malalignment should the examiner note from the anterior aspect?
What malalignment should the examiner note from the anterior aspect?
At what age do a child's lower limbs transition from genu varum to genu valgum and then to straight?
At what age do a child's lower limbs transition from genu varum to genu valgum and then to straight?
What is the term used to describe the condition where the patella is higher than normal?
What is the term used to describe the condition where the patella is higher than normal?
What are the primary factors that determine knee alignment?
What are the primary factors that determine knee alignment?
What is the term used to describe a squinting or rotated patella indicating medial femoral or lateral tibial torsion?
What is the term used to describe a squinting or rotated patella indicating medial femoral or lateral tibial torsion?
What is the term for an abnormal swelling caused by herniation of synovial tissue through a weakening in the posterior capsule wall?
What is the term for an abnormal swelling caused by herniation of synovial tissue through a weakening in the posterior capsule wall?
What is the term for the condition where the patellae face upward and outward, away from each other, giving the appearance of 'frog eyes' or 'grasshopper eyes'?
What is the term for the condition where the patellae face upward and outward, away from each other, giving the appearance of 'frog eyes' or 'grasshopper eyes'?
What is the term for the condition where the inferior pole of the patella is tilted in, causing fat pad irritation?
What is the term for the condition where the inferior pole of the patella is tilted in, causing fat pad irritation?
What is the term for the condition where the feet point toward each other, resulting in a 'pigeon-toed' foot deformity?
What is the term for the condition where the feet point toward each other, resulting in a 'pigeon-toed' foot deformity?
What is the term for the condition where the patella becomes more aligned with the anterior surface of the femur, angled upward?
What is the term for the condition where the patella becomes more aligned with the anterior surface of the femur, angled upward?
Which test is positive for rotary instability if the patient stops without using the quadriceps or decelerates in a crouched position?
Which test is positive for rotary instability if the patient stops without using the quadriceps or decelerates in a crouched position?
Which test involves the patient rotating or twisting left and right while standing on one leg with the knee flexed 10° to 20°?
Which test involves the patient rotating or twisting left and right while standing on one leg with the knee flexed 10° to 20°?
Which test measures patients attempting to return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament injury?
Which test measures patients attempting to return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament injury?
Which test involves the patient hopping up and down on one leg while abducting the opposite leg?
Which test involves the patient hopping up and down on one leg while abducting the opposite leg?
Which test is part of a landing error scoring system and involves jumping down from a 30-cm height onto both feet?
Which test is part of a landing error scoring system and involves jumping down from a 30-cm height onto both feet?
Which test battery includes a one-leg stability test, a two-leg countermove jump, and plyometric jumps?
Which test battery includes a one-leg stability test, a two-leg countermove jump, and plyometric jumps?
Which of the following tests measures the time taken to hop 6 m (20 ft) on one leg?
Which of the following tests measures the time taken to hop 6 m (20 ft) on one leg?
Which test requires the patient to hop as far as possible, taking three hops?
Which test requires the patient to hop as far as possible, taking three hops?
Which test requires the patient to take three consecutive hops on one foot, crossing over a straight line each time?
Which test requires the patient to take three consecutive hops on one foot, crossing over a straight line each time?
Which test requires the patient to hop from marker to marker on each line, with the distance measured?
Which test requires the patient to hop from marker to marker on each line, with the distance measured?
Which test measures the time taken for the patient to hop from marker to marker on each line, with the good leg tested first?
Which test measures the time taken for the patient to hop from marker to marker on each line, with the good leg tested first?
Which test requires a space of 30 m (100 ft) and involves hopping between cones placed 6 m (20 ft) apart?
Which test requires a space of 30 m (100 ft) and involves hopping between cones placed 6 m (20 ft) apart?
Which muscles should the examiner ensure full and normal flexibility of in order to prevent altered gait and postural mechanics?
Which muscles should the examiner ensure full and normal flexibility of in order to prevent altered gait and postural mechanics?
What can tight hamstrings contribute to in terms of knee pathology?
What can tight hamstrings contribute to in terms of knee pathology?
What limitation of hip rotation in extension can lead to patellofemoral pathology?
What limitation of hip rotation in extension can lead to patellofemoral pathology?
What is the effect of a tight iliotibial band on the patella?
What is the effect of a tight iliotibial band on the patella?
Which muscle's tightness can prevent full excursion of the patella in the trochlea if the hip is extended?
Which muscle's tightness can prevent full excursion of the patella in the trochlea if the hip is extended?
What is the normal range of dorsiflexion when testing the gastrocnemius muscle?
What is the normal range of dorsiflexion when testing the gastrocnemius muscle?
Which of the following is NOT a measure of physical function?
Which of the following is NOT a measure of physical function?
Which group of patients often show fear of reinjury and abnormal gait patterns?
Which group of patients often show fear of reinjury and abnormal gait patterns?
Which of the following is NOT a criterion to consider before doing functional testing?
Which of the following is NOT a criterion to consider before doing functional testing?
Which of the following is NOT a functional test for the knee?
Which of the following is NOT a functional test for the knee?
Which of the following is NOT a way to measure functional test results?
Which of the following is NOT a way to measure functional test results?
Which test is effective in differentiating patients with anterior cruciate ligament deficiencies from normal patients?
Which test is effective in differentiating patients with anterior cruciate ligament deficiencies from normal patients?
Which of the following is true about the examination of patellar mobility?
Which of the following is true about the examination of patellar mobility?
Which of the following is an example of dynamic tilt and rotation problems of the patella?
Which of the following is an example of dynamic tilt and rotation problems of the patella?
What is a more functional position to test the side-to-side passive motion of the patella?
What is a more functional position to test the side-to-side passive motion of the patella?
How can objective measurements of patellar mobility be made?
How can objective measurements of patellar mobility be made?
What does a grade of two quadrants of patellar movement indicate?
What does a grade of two quadrants of patellar movement indicate?
What does a patella that has been dislocated laterally indicate in terms of patellar mobility?
What does a patella that has been dislocated laterally indicate in terms of patellar mobility?
Which test can be used to measure patients attempting to return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament injury?
Which test can be used to measure patients attempting to return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament injury?
Which test is used to identify individuals with poor jump landing technique?
Which test is used to identify individuals with poor jump landing technique?
Which test involves the patient hopping up and down on one leg while abducting the opposite leg?
Which test involves the patient hopping up and down on one leg while abducting the opposite leg?
Which test measures postsurgical anterior cruciate ligament patients and includes ROM for the knee and ankle, single-leg hop, triple hop, crossover triple hop, single-leg squatting, lateral jumping, and pivoting?
Which test measures postsurgical anterior cruciate ligament patients and includes ROM for the knee and ankle, single-leg hop, triple hop, crossover triple hop, single-leg squatting, lateral jumping, and pivoting?
Which test battery includes a two-leg stability test, a one-leg stability test, a two-leg countermove jump, a one-leg countermove jump, plyometric jumps, speedy test, and quick feet test?
Which test battery includes a two-leg stability test, a one-leg stability test, a two-leg countermove jump, a one-leg countermove jump, plyometric jumps, speedy test, and quick feet test?
Which functional tests have been shown to have high test-retest reliability?
Which functional tests have been shown to have high test-retest reliability?
Which muscles should the examiner ensure full and normal flexibility of in order to prevent gait and postural mechanics alterations that may lead to pathology?
Which muscles should the examiner ensure full and normal flexibility of in order to prevent gait and postural mechanics alterations that may lead to pathology?
Which muscle tightness can contribute to patellofemoral pathology due to increased knee flexion at heel strike and during stance phase?
Which muscle tightness can contribute to patellofemoral pathology due to increased knee flexion at heel strike and during stance phase?
What limitation of hip rotation in extension can lead to patellofemoral pathology?
What limitation of hip rotation in extension can lead to patellofemoral pathology?
Which muscle's tightness can prevent full excursion of the patella in the trochlea, especially if the hip is extended?
Which muscle's tightness can prevent full excursion of the patella in the trochlea, especially if the hip is extended?
What can a tight iliotibial band lead to in relation to the patella?
What can a tight iliotibial band lead to in relation to the patella?
What can limited hip medial rotation increase strain on during cutting and pivoting activities?
What can limited hip medial rotation increase strain on during cutting and pivoting activities?
Which test requires a space of 30 m (100 ft) and involves hopping between cones placed 6 m (20 ft) apart?
Which test requires a space of 30 m (100 ft) and involves hopping between cones placed 6 m (20 ft) apart?
What is the term for the functional deficit between the affected and normal leg?
What is the term for the functional deficit between the affected and normal leg?
Which test involves hopping as far as possible, taking three hops?
Which test involves hopping as far as possible, taking three hops?
Which test involves taking three consecutive hops on one foot, crossing over a straight line each time?
Which test involves taking three consecutive hops on one foot, crossing over a straight line each time?
Which test requires the patient to hop 6 m (20 ft) on one leg and is assessed for the time taken?
Which test requires the patient to hop 6 m (20 ft) on one leg and is assessed for the time taken?
According to Begalle et al., which activities are believed to have the most balanced coactivation of the quadriceps and hamstrings?
According to Begalle et al., which activities are believed to have the most balanced coactivation of the quadriceps and hamstrings?
Which of the following is a dynamic tilt and rotation problem of the patella?
Which of the following is a dynamic tilt and rotation problem of the patella?
In which position should the passive motion of the patella be tested to indicate functional instability?
In which position should the passive motion of the patella be tested to indicate functional instability?
How can objective measurements of patellar mobility be made?
How can objective measurements of patellar mobility be made?
What is the objective description for a normal passive medial translation of one-half of the width of the patella?
What is the objective description for a normal passive medial translation of one-half of the width of the patella?
What does a lateral glide of three quadrants suggest?
What does a lateral glide of three quadrants suggest?
What does a medial glide of less than one quadrant suggest?
What does a medial glide of less than one quadrant suggest?
Which of the following is NOT a functional test for the knee?
Which of the following is NOT a functional test for the knee?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of noncopers?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of noncopers?
Which test is recommended for differentiating patients with anterior cruciate ligament deficiencies from normal patients?
Which test is recommended for differentiating patients with anterior cruciate ligament deficiencies from normal patients?
Which of the following is NOT a functional strength test for sedentary individuals?
Which of the following is NOT a functional strength test for sedentary individuals?
What is the primary purpose of knee-specific, activity-specific, and general health questionnaires?
What is the primary purpose of knee-specific, activity-specific, and general health questionnaires?
Which of the following is a functional activity test primarily designed for elderly people?
Which of the following is a functional activity test primarily designed for elderly people?
Which muscle should be tested in the supine position for proper evaluation of the femoral nerve?
Which muscle should be tested in the supine position for proper evaluation of the femoral nerve?
What is the normal range of dorsiflexion in the ankle during the examination?
What is the normal range of dorsiflexion in the ankle during the examination?
What can limited hip medial rotation increase the strain on during cutting and pivoting activities?
What can limited hip medial rotation increase the strain on during cutting and pivoting activities?
What is the approximate hamstring/quadriceps ratio at normal speed during isokinetic testing?
What is the approximate hamstring/quadriceps ratio at normal speed during isokinetic testing?
What is the primary purpose of resisted isometric movements during muscle testing?
What is the primary purpose of resisted isometric movements during muscle testing?
Which muscle is commonly weak in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries?
Which muscle is commonly weak in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries?
Which of the following is NOT a measure of functional assessment for the knee?
Which of the following is NOT a measure of functional assessment for the knee?
Which of the following is a characteristic of noncopers in relation to knee function?
Which of the following is a characteristic of noncopers in relation to knee function?
Which of the following is a recommended criterion for functional testing of the knee?
Which of the following is a recommended criterion for functional testing of the knee?
Which of the following is NOT a functional test for the knee?
Which of the following is NOT a functional test for the knee?
Which of the following is a measure of limb symmetry in functional testing of the knee?
Which of the following is a measure of limb symmetry in functional testing of the knee?
Which of the following is a recommended questionnaire for assessing knee outcomes?
Which of the following is a recommended questionnaire for assessing knee outcomes?
Which test measures patients attempting to return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament injury?
Which test measures patients attempting to return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament injury?
What is the primary function of the patella in the knee joint?
What is the primary function of the patella in the knee joint?
What is the normal range of passive medial rotation of the tibia on the femur at 90° of knee flexion in non-weight bearing?
What is the normal range of passive medial rotation of the tibia on the femur at 90° of knee flexion in non-weight bearing?
What is the normal range of valgus alignment in adults?
What is the normal range of valgus alignment in adults?
Which ligament is the primary static restraint to lateral patellar displacement at 20° of knee flexion?
Which ligament is the primary static restraint to lateral patellar displacement at 20° of knee flexion?
Which of the following is a dynamic tilt and rotation problem of the patella?
Which of the following is a dynamic tilt and rotation problem of the patella?
Which structures can cause rotation and tilt of the patella if they are tight?
Which structures can cause rotation and tilt of the patella if they are tight?
What is a more functional position to test the side-to-side passive motion of the patella?
What is a more functional position to test the side-to-side passive motion of the patella?
What is the term for excessive differences in alignment that can lead to patellofemoral symptoms or instability?
What is the term for excessive differences in alignment that can lead to patellofemoral symptoms or instability?
What does a patella that has been dislocated laterally indicate in terms of patellar mobility?
What does a patella that has been dislocated laterally indicate in terms of patellar mobility?
What is the term for an abnormal swelling caused by herniation of synovial tissue through a weakening in the posterior capsule wall?
What is the term for an abnormal swelling caused by herniation of synovial tissue through a weakening in the posterior capsule wall?
What measurements can be used to describe the amount of patellar movement based on quadrants or fourths of patellar movement?
What measurements can be used to describe the amount of patellar movement based on quadrants or fourths of patellar movement?
Which test involves the patient hopping as far as possible, taking three hops?
Which test involves the patient hopping as far as possible, taking three hops?
What is the primary purpose of the limb symmetry index (LSI)?
What is the primary purpose of the limb symmetry index (LSI)?
What is the recommended position of the hip and knee during takeoff for the maximal controlled leap test?
What is the recommended position of the hip and knee during takeoff for the maximal controlled leap test?
What is the purpose of the coactivation of the quadriceps and hamstrings during exercise?
What is the purpose of the coactivation of the quadriceps and hamstrings during exercise?
What modification is recommended for the hop tests to measure functional leg power?
What modification is recommended for the hop tests to measure functional leg power?
What is the purpose of the side jump test?
What is the purpose of the side jump test?
Which test requires the patient to hop as far as possible, taking three hops?
Which test requires the patient to hop as far as possible, taking three hops?
What is the normal range of passive lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur at 90° of knee flexion?
What is the normal range of passive lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur at 90° of knee flexion?
Which ligament provides up to 19% of the resistance against lateral patellar displacement?
Which ligament provides up to 19% of the resistance against lateral patellar displacement?
Which muscle's tightness can prevent full excursion of the patella in the trochlea, especially if the hip is extended?
Which muscle's tightness can prevent full excursion of the patella in the trochlea, especially if the hip is extended?
What is the main difference between the medial and lateral menisci in terms of shape?
What is the main difference between the medial and lateral menisci in terms of shape?
When can posterior cruciate ligament injuries have more vague symptoms of unsteadiness or discomfort?
When can posterior cruciate ligament injuries have more vague symptoms of unsteadiness or discomfort?
Which ligament is the primary restraint to anterior tibial displacement in the knee joint?
Which ligament is the primary restraint to anterior tibial displacement in the knee joint?
Which ligament is the primary restraint to varus-valgus motion in full extension and rotation in the knee joint?
Which ligament is the primary restraint to varus-valgus motion in full extension and rotation in the knee joint?
Which ligament acts as a secondary restraint to varus-valgus motion in the knee joint?
Which ligament acts as a secondary restraint to varus-valgus motion in the knee joint?
Which ligament acts as a secondary restraint to anterior tibial displacement in the knee joint?
Which ligament acts as a secondary restraint to anterior tibial displacement in the knee joint?
What happens if the primary restraint is injured in the knee joint?
What happens if the primary restraint is injured in the knee joint?
What happens if the secondary restraint is injured in the knee joint?
What happens if the secondary restraint is injured in the knee joint?
Which movement is assessed during the abduction (valgus stress) test for one-plane medial instability?
Which movement is assessed during the abduction (valgus stress) test for one-plane medial instability?
What is the recommended starting position for the knee during the abduction (valgus stress) test for one-plane medial instability?
What is the recommended starting position for the knee during the abduction (valgus stress) test for one-plane medial instability?
Which ligament is the primary static restraint to lateral patellar displacement at 20° of knee flexion?
Which ligament is the primary static restraint to lateral patellar displacement at 20° of knee flexion?
What is the normal range of passive lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur at 90° of knee flexion?
What is the normal range of passive lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur at 90° of knee flexion?
Which muscle guarding can adversely affect the outcome of ligament stability tests?
Which muscle guarding can adversely affect the outcome of ligament stability tests?
What is the primary cause of patellofemoral arthralgia?
What is the primary cause of patellofemoral arthralgia?
Which ligament is responsible for preventing anterior movement of the tibia on the femur?
Which ligament is responsible for preventing anterior movement of the tibia on the femur?
Which ligament is the primary stabilizer of the knee against posterior movement of the tibia on the femur?
Which ligament is the primary stabilizer of the knee against posterior movement of the tibia on the femur?
Which ligament is responsible for checking lateral rotation of the tibia in flexion?
Which ligament is responsible for checking lateral rotation of the tibia in flexion?
Which ligament is responsible for checking extension and hyperextension at the knee?
Which ligament is responsible for checking extension and hyperextension at the knee?
Which ligament acts as a rotary guide to the 'screwing home' mechanism of the knee?
Which ligament acts as a rotary guide to the 'screwing home' mechanism of the knee?
Which ligament is a primary stabilizer of the knee against medial rotation of the tibia on the femur?
Which ligament is a primary stabilizer of the knee against medial rotation of the tibia on the femur?
Which ligament is commonly injured when a valgus stress is applied to the knee in extension?
Which ligament is commonly injured when a valgus stress is applied to the knee in extension?
Which ligament is often injured when a varus stress is applied to the knee in extension?
Which ligament is often injured when a varus stress is applied to the knee in extension?
Which ligament may be injured if the tibia moves away from the femur when a valgus stress is applied to the knee in flexion?
Which ligament may be injured if the tibia moves away from the femur when a valgus stress is applied to the knee in flexion?
Which ligament may be injured if the tibia moves away from the femur when a varus stress is applied to the knee in flexion?
Which ligament may be injured if the tibia moves away from the femur when a varus stress is applied to the knee in flexion?
What is the classification of a positive finding on the valgus stress test in full extension?
What is the classification of a positive finding on the valgus stress test in full extension?
What is the classification of a positive finding on the varus stress test in full extension?
What is the classification of a positive finding on the varus stress test in full extension?
Which test measures postsurgical anterior cruciate ligament patients and includes ROM for the knee and ankle, single-leg hop, triple hop, crossover triple hop, single-leg squatting, lateral jumping (bounding) and pivoting, 6-m (20-feet) straight line run with acceleration, deceleration, and change in direction, and plyometric box jump 30-cm (12-inch) box height?
Which test measures postsurgical anterior cruciate ligament patients and includes ROM for the knee and ankle, single-leg hop, triple hop, crossover triple hop, single-leg squatting, lateral jumping (bounding) and pivoting, 6-m (20-feet) straight line run with acceleration, deceleration, and change in direction, and plyometric box jump 30-cm (12-inch) box height?
Which test battery, developed by Hildebrandt et al., includes a two-leg stability test, a one-leg stability test, a two-leg countermove jump (CMJ), a one-leg CMJ, plyometric jumps, speedy test, and quick feet test?
Which test battery, developed by Hildebrandt et al., includes a two-leg stability test, a one-leg stability test, a two-leg countermove jump (CMJ), a one-leg CMJ, plyometric jumps, speedy test, and quick feet test?
Which test assesses the physical function of older patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis and includes walking a distance of 2.4 m (8 feet), ascending/descending four stairs, rising from/sitting down from a chair five times, measuring hip/knee flexion ROM, isometric quadriceps strength, and completing the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC)?
Which test assesses the physical function of older patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis and includes walking a distance of 2.4 m (8 feet), ascending/descending four stairs, rising from/sitting down from a chair five times, measuring hip/knee flexion ROM, isometric quadriceps strength, and completing the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC)?
Which numerical rating system is commonly used to determine the state of the knee?
Which numerical rating system is commonly used to determine the state of the knee?
What is the primary purpose of knee-specific, activity-specific, and general health questionnaires?
What is the primary purpose of knee-specific, activity-specific, and general health questionnaires?
What type of pain is usually associated with degenerative changes?
What type of pain is usually associated with degenerative changes?
Which test is used to assess for one-plane medial instability of the knee?
Which test is used to assess for one-plane medial instability of the knee?
What is the recommended starting position for the knee during the abduction (valgus stress) test?
What is the recommended starting position for the knee during the abduction (valgus stress) test?
What is the primary function of the abduction (valgus stress) test?
What is the primary function of the abduction (valgus stress) test?
What should the examiner stabilize during the abduction (valgus stress) test?
What should the examiner stabilize during the abduction (valgus stress) test?
What is the approximate flexion angle of the knee during the abduction (valgus stress) test?
What is the approximate flexion angle of the knee during the abduction (valgus stress) test?
What is the primary purpose of practicing the chosen techniques for assessing ligament stability of the knee?
What is the primary purpose of practicing the chosen techniques for assessing ligament stability of the knee?
Which ligament is the primary restraint to anterior tibial displacement and a secondary restraint to varus-valgus motion in full extension and rotation?
Which ligament is the primary restraint to anterior tibial displacement and a secondary restraint to varus-valgus motion in full extension and rotation?
What is the primary function of the menisci in the knee joint?
What is the primary function of the menisci in the knee joint?
Which ligament acts as a rotary guide to the 'screwing home' mechanism of the knee?
Which ligament acts as a rotary guide to the 'screwing home' mechanism of the knee?
What is the normal range of dorsiflexion when testing the gastrocnemius muscle?
What is the normal range of dorsiflexion when testing the gastrocnemius muscle?
When can posterior cruciate ligament injuries have more vague symptoms of unsteadiness or discomfort?
When can posterior cruciate ligament injuries have more vague symptoms of unsteadiness or discomfort?
What type of pain is usually associated with degenerative changes in the knee?
What type of pain is usually associated with degenerative changes in the knee?
Which ligament is the primary stabilizer of the knee against posterior movement of the tibia on the femur?
Which ligament is the primary stabilizer of the knee against posterior movement of the tibia on the femur?
Which ligament prevents anterior movement of the tibia on the femur?
Which ligament prevents anterior movement of the tibia on the femur?
Which ligament helps to check lateral rotation of the tibia in flexion?
Which ligament helps to check lateral rotation of the tibia in flexion?
Which ligament is named in relation to its attachment to the tibia?
Which ligament is named in relation to its attachment to the tibia?
Which ligament is round and lies under the tendon of the biceps femoris muscle?
Which ligament is round and lies under the tendon of the biceps femoris muscle?
Which ligament is made up of two layers, one superficial and one deep?
Which ligament is made up of two layers, one superficial and one deep?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for checking medial rotation of the tibia in flexion?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for checking medial rotation of the tibia in flexion?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for checking lateral rotation of the tibia in flexion?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for checking lateral rotation of the tibia in flexion?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for checking varus-valgus motion in the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for checking varus-valgus motion in the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for checking anterior tibial displacement in the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for checking anterior tibial displacement in the knee joint?
Which structure may be injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed on the valgus stress test performed in full extension?
Which structure may be injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed on the valgus stress test performed in full extension?
Which structure may be injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed on the varus stress test performed in full extension?
Which structure may be injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed on the varus stress test performed in full extension?
Which of the following tests is specifically designed to measure the physical function of older patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis?
Which of the following tests is specifically designed to measure the physical function of older patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis?
Which of the following is NOT included in the Vail Sport Test?
Which of the following is NOT included in the Vail Sport Test?
Which test battery includes a two-leg stability test, a one-leg stability test, a two-leg countermove jump (CMJ), a one-leg CMJ, plyometric jumps, speedy test, and quick feet test?
Which test battery includes a two-leg stability test, a one-leg stability test, a two-leg countermove jump (CMJ), a one-leg CMJ, plyometric jumps, speedy test, and quick feet test?
Which of the following tests is specifically designed to measure patients attempting to return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament injury?
Which of the following tests is specifically designed to measure patients attempting to return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament injury?
Which ligament acts as a rotary guide to the 'screwing home' mechanism of the knee?
Which ligament acts as a rotary guide to the 'screwing home' mechanism of the knee?
Which of the following is a measure of functional assessment for the knee?
Which of the following is a measure of functional assessment for the knee?
Which knee rating system is specifically designed for active individuals and assesses pain, swelling, stability, and activity level?
Which knee rating system is specifically designed for active individuals and assesses pain, swelling, stability, and activity level?
Which knee rating scale separates knee rating and functional assessment?
Which knee rating scale separates knee rating and functional assessment?
Which knee rating scale primarily measures clinical instability but can also be used for chondral lesions of the knee?
Which knee rating scale primarily measures clinical instability but can also be used for chondral lesions of the knee?
Which knee rating scale is useful in determining the patient's current level of activity relative to their previous level?
Which knee rating scale is useful in determining the patient's current level of activity relative to their previous level?
Which knee rating scale measures psychological responses to return to sport involving emotions, confidence in performance, and risk appraisal?
Which knee rating scale measures psychological responses to return to sport involving emotions, confidence in performance, and risk appraisal?
Which knee rating scale measures self-sufficiency during daily activities?
Which knee rating scale measures self-sufficiency during daily activities?
Which ligament is the primary stabilizer of the knee against posterior movement of the tibia on the femur?
Which ligament is the primary stabilizer of the knee against posterior movement of the tibia on the femur?
Which ligament prevents anterior movement of the tibia on the femur?
Which ligament prevents anterior movement of the tibia on the femur?
Which ligament is tight in both flexion and extension and helps to stabilize medial and lateral rotation?
Which ligament is tight in both flexion and extension and helps to stabilize medial and lateral rotation?
Which ligament is a primary stabilizer of the knee against lateral rotation of the tibia in flexion?
Which ligament is a primary stabilizer of the knee against lateral rotation of the tibia in flexion?
Which ligament is a primary stabilizer of the knee against posterior movement of the tibia on the femur and checks extension and hyperextension?
Which ligament is a primary stabilizer of the knee against posterior movement of the tibia on the femur and checks extension and hyperextension?
Which ligament helps to maintain rotary stability and functions as the knee's central axis of rotation?
Which ligament helps to maintain rotary stability and functions as the knee's central axis of rotation?
Which of the following is NOT a key point to keep in mind when testing for ligament stability of the knee?
Which of the following is NOT a key point to keep in mind when testing for ligament stability of the knee?
What does a soft or indistinct end feel usually signify when testing for ligament stability of the knee?
What does a soft or indistinct end feel usually signify when testing for ligament stability of the knee?
Which ligaments are commonly injured in cases of anterolateral rotary instability (ALRI)?
Which ligaments are commonly injured in cases of anterolateral rotary instability (ALRI)?
What is the term used to describe left-right differences of 3 mm or more when testing for ligament stability of the knee?
What is the term used to describe left-right differences of 3 mm or more when testing for ligament stability of the knee?
What is the recommended starting position for the knee during the abduction (valgus stress) test for one-plane medial instability?
What is the recommended starting position for the knee during the abduction (valgus stress) test for one-plane medial instability?
Why are tests for ligament instability more accurate for assessment of a chronic injury than for assessment of an acute injury in the unanesthetized knee?
Why are tests for ligament instability more accurate for assessment of a chronic injury than for assessment of an acute injury in the unanesthetized knee?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for checking lateral rotation of the tibia in flexion?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for checking lateral rotation of the tibia in flexion?
What structures may have been injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed on full extension during the valgus stress test?
What structures may have been injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed on full extension during the valgus stress test?
What structures may have been injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed when the knee is flexed to 20° to 30° during the valgus stress test?
What structures may have been injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed when the knee is flexed to 20° to 30° during the valgus stress test?
What is the approximate degree of passive lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur at 90° of knee flexion?
What is the approximate degree of passive lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur at 90° of knee flexion?
What is the approximate degree of passive medial rotation of the tibia on the femur when the knee is flexed to 90°?
What is the approximate degree of passive medial rotation of the tibia on the femur when the knee is flexed to 90°?
What is the recommended starting position for the knee during the abduction (valgus stress) test for one-plane medial instability?
What is the recommended starting position for the knee during the abduction (valgus stress) test for one-plane medial instability?
Which test measures the time taken for the patient to hop from marker to marker on each line, with the good leg tested first?
Which test measures the time taken for the patient to hop from marker to marker on each line, with the good leg tested first?
What is the primary function of the menisci in the knee joint?
What is the primary function of the menisci in the knee joint?
Which ligament provides up to 19% of the resistance against lateral patellar displacement?
Which ligament provides up to 19% of the resistance against lateral patellar displacement?
What can a distinct pop during an injury indicate?
What can a distinct pop during an injury indicate?
What type of injury may be indicated by a distinct pop during the injury?
What type of injury may be indicated by a distinct pop during the injury?
Which ligament may be injured if the tibia moves away from the femur when a varus stress is applied to the knee in flexion?
Which ligament may be injured if the tibia moves away from the femur when a varus stress is applied to the knee in flexion?
Which test is considered the 'gold standard' for a clinical diagnosis of an anterior cruciate ligament injury?
Which test is considered the 'gold standard' for a clinical diagnosis of an anterior cruciate ligament injury?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the 90–90 anterior drawer test?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the 90–90 anterior drawer test?
What is a positive sign in the Lachman test?
What is a positive sign in the Lachman test?
What other ligament may be injured to some degree if the Lachman test is positive?
What other ligament may be injured to some degree if the Lachman test is positive?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the posterior drawer test?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the posterior drawer test?
What is the primary role of the menisci in the knee joint?
What is the primary role of the menisci in the knee joint?
Which test is used to assess both anterior rotary instabilities?
Which test is used to assess both anterior rotary instabilities?
What is the position of the knee during the Dejour Test?
What is the position of the knee during the Dejour Test?
Which ligament is primarily assessed during the Reverse Lachman Test?
Which ligament is primarily assessed during the Reverse Lachman Test?
Which ligament is often involved in a positive Posterior Sag Sign?
Which ligament is often involved in a positive Posterior Sag Sign?
What is the primary purpose of the voluntary anterior drawer sign?
What is the primary purpose of the voluntary anterior drawer sign?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for checking lateral rotation of the tibia in flexion?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for checking lateral rotation of the tibia in flexion?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting anterior translation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting anterior translation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting posterior translation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting posterior translation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting medial rotation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting medial rotation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting varus stress (inward force) applied to the knee in flexion?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting varus stress (inward force) applied to the knee in flexion?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting valgus stress (outward force) applied to the knee in flexion?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting valgus stress (outward force) applied to the knee in flexion?
Which structures may have been injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed on the rotary instability test with the knee flexed 20° to 30° and lateral rotation of the tibia?
Which structures may have been injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed on the rotary instability test with the knee flexed 20° to 30° and lateral rotation of the tibia?
What is the classification of a grade 1 injury to the lateral ligaments of the knee based on a stress radiograph taken during the varus stress test in full extension?
What is the classification of a grade 1 injury to the lateral ligaments of the knee based on a stress radiograph taken during the varus stress test in full extension?
What is the classification of a grade 2 injury to the lateral ligaments of the knee based on a stress radiograph taken during the varus stress test in full extension?
What is the classification of a grade 2 injury to the lateral ligaments of the knee based on a stress radiograph taken during the varus stress test in full extension?
What is the classification of a grade 3 injury to the lateral ligaments of the knee based on a stress radiograph taken during the varus stress test in full extension?
What is the classification of a grade 3 injury to the lateral ligaments of the knee based on a stress radiograph taken during the varus stress test in full extension?
During the varus-valgus stress testing, what part of the examiner's hands are used to apply varus and valgus stresses?
During the varus-valgus stress testing, what part of the examiner's hands are used to apply varus and valgus stresses?
Which tests are primarily designed to test the anterior cruciate ligament?
Which tests are primarily designed to test the anterior cruciate ligament?
Which test is recommended for examiners with small hands during the Lachman test?
Which test is recommended for examiners with small hands during the Lachman test?
Which modification of the Lachman test involves the patient lying supine with the leg to be examined abducted off the side of the examining table and the knee flexed to 25°?
Which modification of the Lachman test involves the patient lying supine with the leg to be examined abducted off the side of the examining table and the knee flexed to 25°?
Which modification of the Lachman test has the patient lying supine while the examiner stabilizes the foot between the examiner’s thorax and arm, and performs an anterior drawer movement with both hands placed around the tibia?
Which modification of the Lachman test has the patient lying supine while the examiner stabilizes the foot between the examiner’s thorax and arm, and performs an anterior drawer movement with both hands placed around the tibia?
Which modification of the Lachman test involves the examiner grasping the femur with one hand and the tibia with the other hand while the patient lies supine?
Which modification of the Lachman test involves the examiner grasping the femur with one hand and the tibia with the other hand while the patient lies supine?
Which test is used to assess the integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) by observing the relation of the tibial plateau to the femoral condyles?
Which test is used to assess the integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) by observing the relation of the tibial plateau to the femoral condyles?
What does a positive Lever Sign test indicate?
What does a positive Lever Sign test indicate?
Which test is used to assess both anterior rotary instabilities?
Which test is used to assess both anterior rotary instabilities?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the posterior drawer test?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the posterior drawer test?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the reverse Lachman test?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the reverse Lachman test?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the Dejour test?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the Dejour test?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the voluntary anterior drawer sign?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the voluntary anterior drawer sign?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the Slocum test?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the Slocum test?
Which test is the best indicator of injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), especially the posterolateral band?
Which test is the best indicator of injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), especially the posterolateral band?
What is the primary role of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the knee?
What is the primary role of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the knee?
Which ligament provides up to 19% of the resistance against lateral patellar displacement?
Which ligament provides up to 19% of the resistance against lateral patellar displacement?
What is a possible cause of a positive finding on the valgus stress test performed in full extension?
What is a possible cause of a positive finding on the valgus stress test performed in full extension?
What is the primary function of the menisci in the knee joint?
What is the primary function of the menisci in the knee joint?
What may be noted in the presence of pathological patellar tracking and patellar instability?
What may be noted in the presence of pathological patellar tracking and patellar instability?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for stabilizing the knee against medial rotation of the tibia on the femur?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for stabilizing the knee against medial rotation of the tibia on the femur?
What is the grade of injury indicated by a stress radiograph showing a 5-mm opening during the varus stress test performed in full extension?
What is the grade of injury indicated by a stress radiograph showing a 5-mm opening during the varus stress test performed in full extension?
Which ligament should be tested or observed for a posterior sag before testing the anterior cruciate ligament to rule out false-positive tests for anterior translation?
Which ligament should be tested or observed for a posterior sag before testing the anterior cruciate ligament to rule out false-positive tests for anterior translation?
Which ligament is the primary static restraint to lateral patellar displacement at 20° of knee flexion?
Which ligament is the primary static restraint to lateral patellar displacement at 20° of knee flexion?
Which ligament helps to maintain rotary stability and functions as the knee's central axis of rotation?
Which ligament helps to maintain rotary stability and functions as the knee's central axis of rotation?
Which structures may have been injured to some degree if the rotary instability test is positive when the knee is flexed 20° to 30° with lateral rotation of the tibia?
Which structures may have been injured to some degree if the rotary instability test is positive when the knee is flexed 20° to 30° with lateral rotation of the tibia?
Which test is recommended for examiners with small hands to perform the Lachman test?
Which test is recommended for examiners with small hands to perform the Lachman test?
Which modification of the Lachman test involves the patient lying supine with the leg to be examined abducted off the side of the examining table and the knee flexed to 25°?
Which modification of the Lachman test involves the patient lying supine with the leg to be examined abducted off the side of the examining table and the knee flexed to 25°?
Which modification of the Lachman test has the examiner stabilizing the foot between the examiner's thorax and arm, with both hands placed around the tibia?
Which modification of the Lachman test has the examiner stabilizing the foot between the examiner's thorax and arm, with both hands placed around the tibia?
Which modification of the Lachman test involves the examiner standing beside the leg to be tested, grasping the femur with one hand and the tibia with the other hand?
Which modification of the Lachman test involves the examiner standing beside the leg to be tested, grasping the femur with one hand and the tibia with the other hand?
Which modification of the Lachman test has the patient lying prone, with the examiner stabilizing the foot between the examiner's thorax and arm and placing one hand around the tibia?
Which modification of the Lachman test has the patient lying prone, with the examiner stabilizing the foot between the examiner's thorax and arm and placing one hand around the tibia?
Which modification of the Lachman test involves the patient actively extending the knee while the examiner watches for anterior displacement of the tibia relative to the unaffected side?
Which modification of the Lachman test involves the patient actively extending the knee while the examiner watches for anterior displacement of the tibia relative to the unaffected side?
During the active drawer test, the patient is asked to try to straighten the leg and the examiner prevents the patient from doing so. This test is primarily used to assess the integrity of which ligament?
During the active drawer test, the patient is asked to try to straighten the leg and the examiner prevents the patient from doing so. This test is primarily used to assess the integrity of which ligament?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting anterior translation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting anterior translation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting varus stress (lateral opening) of the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting varus stress (lateral opening) of the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting valgus stress (medial opening) of the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting valgus stress (medial opening) of the knee joint?
Which ligament is often involved in a positive Posterior Sag Sign?
Which ligament is often involved in a positive Posterior Sag Sign?
Which ligament is the primary stabilizer of the knee against posterior movement of the tibia on the femur?
Which ligament is the primary stabilizer of the knee against posterior movement of the tibia on the femur?
Which structures may have been injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed on the rotary instability test with the knee flexed 20° to 30° and lateral rotation of the tibia?
Which structures may have been injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed on the rotary instability test with the knee flexed 20° to 30° and lateral rotation of the tibia?
What is the classification of a positive finding on the valgus stress test in full extension?
What is the classification of a positive finding on the valgus stress test in full extension?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for checking anterior tibial displacement in the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for checking anterior tibial displacement in the knee joint?
What is the primary function of the menisci in the knee joint?
What is the primary function of the menisci in the knee joint?
What does a patella that has been dislocated laterally indicate in terms of patellar mobility?
What does a patella that has been dislocated laterally indicate in terms of patellar mobility?
Which knee rating scale is useful in determining the patient's current level of activity relative to their previous level?
Which knee rating scale is useful in determining the patient's current level of activity relative to their previous level?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the Lachman test?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the Lachman test?
What is the most common cause of a positive finding on the anterior drawer test?
What is the most common cause of a positive finding on the anterior drawer test?
What is the primary function of the posterior oblique ligament in the knee joint?
What is the primary function of the posterior oblique ligament in the knee joint?
Which ligament is the primary restraint to varus-valgus motion in full extension and rotation in the knee joint?
Which ligament is the primary restraint to varus-valgus motion in full extension and rotation in the knee joint?
What is the primary cause of a false-negative Lachman test result?
What is the primary cause of a false-negative Lachman test result?
Which ligament is commonly tested in the valgus stress test performed in full extension?
Which ligament is commonly tested in the valgus stress test performed in full extension?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for stabilizing the knee against anterior translation of the tibia on the femur?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for stabilizing the knee against anterior translation of the tibia on the femur?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for stabilizing the knee against posterior translation of the tibia on the femur?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for stabilizing the knee against posterior translation of the tibia on the femur?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for stabilizing the knee against medial rotation of the tibia on the femur?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for stabilizing the knee against medial rotation of the tibia on the femur?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for stabilizing the knee against lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for stabilizing the knee against lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur?
Which ligament is responsible for limiting extension and hyperextension at the knee?
Which ligament is responsible for limiting extension and hyperextension at the knee?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting varus and valgus stress at the knee?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting varus and valgus stress at the knee?
What is the purpose of the posterior drawer test?
What is the purpose of the posterior drawer test?
What is the purpose of the Godfrey (Gravity) test?
What is the purpose of the Godfrey (Gravity) test?
What is the purpose of the posterior sag sign (Gravity Drawer Test)?
What is the purpose of the posterior sag sign (Gravity Drawer Test)?
What does a positive posterior sag sign indicate?
What does a positive posterior sag sign indicate?
What is the purpose of the reverse Lachman test?
What is the purpose of the reverse Lachman test?
What is the purpose of the Dejour test?
What is the purpose of the Dejour test?
Which test is recommended for examiners with small hands to stabilize the thigh and apply an anterior stress during the Lachman test?
Which test is recommended for examiners with small hands to stabilize the thigh and apply an anterior stress during the Lachman test?
Which modification of the Lachman test involves the patient lying supine with the leg to be examined abducted off the side of the examining table and the knee flexed to 25°?
Which modification of the Lachman test involves the patient lying supine with the leg to be examined abducted off the side of the examining table and the knee flexed to 25°?
Which modification of the Lachman test has the patient lying supine while the examiner stabilizes the foot between the examiner’s thorax and arm, and performs an anterior drawer movement with the knee flexed 20° to 30°?
Which modification of the Lachman test has the patient lying supine while the examiner stabilizes the foot between the examiner’s thorax and arm, and performs an anterior drawer movement with the knee flexed 20° to 30°?
Which modification of the Lachman test involves the examiner grasping the femur with one hand and the tibia with the other hand while the patient lies supine?
Which modification of the Lachman test involves the examiner grasping the femur with one hand and the tibia with the other hand while the patient lies supine?
Which test for anterior cruciate ligament tear involves the examiner placing a closed fist under the proximal third of the patient’s calf and applying a moderate downward force to the distal third of the quadriceps, causing the heel to lift off the examining table if the ligament is intact?
Which test for anterior cruciate ligament tear involves the examiner placing a closed fist under the proximal third of the patient’s calf and applying a moderate downward force to the distal third of the quadriceps, causing the heel to lift off the examining table if the ligament is intact?
Which test for anterior cruciate ligament tear involves the examiner watching for anterior displacement of the tibia relative to the unaffected side while the patient lies supine with the knee over the examiner’s forearm and actively extends the knee?
Which test for anterior cruciate ligament tear involves the examiner watching for anterior displacement of the tibia relative to the unaffected side while the patient lies supine with the knee over the examiner’s forearm and actively extends the knee?
Which ligament plays a major role in restraining anterior subluxation of the lateral tibial plateau and tibial medial rotation?
Which ligament plays a major role in restraining anterior subluxation of the lateral tibial plateau and tibial medial rotation?
Which ligament helps the anterior cruciate ligament near extension?
Which ligament helps the anterior cruciate ligament near extension?
Which ligament plays a role in stabilization through the changing degrees of knee flexion during the rotation that occurs with the tests?
Which ligament plays a role in stabilization through the changing degrees of knee flexion during the rotation that occurs with the tests?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the Active Pivot Shift Test?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the Active Pivot Shift Test?
Which ligament is tested in the Crossover Test of Arnold?
Which ligament is tested in the Crossover Test of Arnold?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the Flexion-Extension Valgus Test?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the Flexion-Extension Valgus Test?
What is the purpose of the Losee Test in assessing knee stability?
What is the purpose of the Losee Test in assessing knee stability?
Which test is a clinical duplication of the anterolateral rotary instability (ALRI) mechanism of injury?
Which test is a clinical duplication of the anterolateral rotary instability (ALRI) mechanism of injury?
What is the primary purpose of the Noyes Flexion-Rotation Drawer Test?
What is the primary purpose of the Noyes Flexion-Rotation Drawer Test?
Which test is believed to be more sensitive than other anterolateral rotary instability (ALRI) tests?
Which test is believed to be more sensitive than other anterolateral rotary instability (ALRI) tests?
What is the main advantage of the Slocum ALRI test?
What is the main advantage of the Slocum ALRI test?
What is the position of the knee during the Slocum ALRI test?
What is the position of the knee during the Slocum ALRI test?
What is the purpose of the MacIntosh test?
What is the purpose of the MacIntosh test?
What is the position of the patient during the MacIntosh test?
What is the position of the patient during the MacIntosh test?
What is the role of the iliotibial band in the MacIntosh test?
What is the role of the iliotibial band in the MacIntosh test?
What structures are likely to be injured if the MacIntosh test is positive?
What structures are likely to be injured if the MacIntosh test is positive?
What is the purpose of the Lemaire's Jolt Test?
What is the purpose of the Lemaire's Jolt Test?
What is the position of the patient during the Lemaire's Jolt Test?
What is the position of the patient during the Lemaire's Jolt Test?
Which ligament is tested with the Posterior Sag Sign (Gravity Drawer Test)?
Which ligament is tested with the Posterior Sag Sign (Gravity Drawer Test)?
What is the position of the knee during the Posterior Sag Sign (Gravity Drawer Test)?
What is the position of the knee during the Posterior Sag Sign (Gravity Drawer Test)?
What happens to the tibia during the Posterior Sag Sign (Gravity Drawer Test) if the posterior cruciate ligament is torn?
What happens to the tibia during the Posterior Sag Sign (Gravity Drawer Test) if the posterior cruciate ligament is torn?
What is the significance of the 'step-off' test or thumb sign during the Posterior Sag Sign (Gravity Drawer Test)?
What is the significance of the 'step-off' test or thumb sign during the Posterior Sag Sign (Gravity Drawer Test)?
What other ligamentous structures may have been injured if a positive finding is observed on the Posterior Sag Sign (Gravity Drawer Test)?
What other ligamentous structures may have been injured if a positive finding is observed on the Posterior Sag Sign (Gravity Drawer Test)?
What action should the patient perform during the voluntary anterior drawer sign?
What action should the patient perform during the voluntary anterior drawer sign?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the Reverse Lachman Test?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the Reverse Lachman Test?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the Dejour Test?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the Dejour Test?
Which structures may have been injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed on the Slocum Test with the foot in 30° medial rotation?
Which structures may have been injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed on the Slocum Test with the foot in 30° medial rotation?
Which structures may have been injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed on the Slocum Test with the foot in 15° of lateral rotation?
Which structures may have been injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed on the Slocum Test with the foot in 15° of lateral rotation?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting medial rotation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting medial rotation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the voluntary anterior drawer sign?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the voluntary anterior drawer sign?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the posterior drawer test?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the posterior drawer test?
Which ligament is the primary static restraint to lateral patellar displacement at 20° of knee flexion?
Which ligament is the primary static restraint to lateral patellar displacement at 20° of knee flexion?
What structures may have been injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed on full extension during the valgus stress test?
What structures may have been injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed on full extension during the valgus stress test?
What is the primary cause of patellofemoral arthralgia?
What is the primary cause of patellofemoral arthralgia?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting varus stress (inward force) applied to the knee in flexion?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting varus stress (inward force) applied to the knee in flexion?
What is the purpose of the coactivation of the quadriceps and hamstrings during exercise?
What is the purpose of the coactivation of the quadriceps and hamstrings during exercise?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for restraining anterior subluxation of the lateral tibial plateau and tibial medial rotation?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for restraining anterior subluxation of the lateral tibial plateau and tibial medial rotation?
Which ligament helps the anterior cruciate ligament near extension and resists the valgus component of the tests?
Which ligament helps the anterior cruciate ligament near extension and resists the valgus component of the tests?
Which ligament plays a role in stabilization through the changing degrees of knee flexion during rotation that occurs with the tests?
Which ligament plays a role in stabilization through the changing degrees of knee flexion during rotation that occurs with the tests?
Which ligament is primarily assessed during the Active Pivot Shift Test?
Which ligament is primarily assessed during the Active Pivot Shift Test?
Which ligament is tested during the Crossover Test of Arnold?
Which ligament is tested during the Crossover Test of Arnold?
Which ligament is tested during the Flexion-Extension Valgus Test?
Which ligament is tested during the Flexion-Extension Valgus Test?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting posterior tibial displacement in the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting posterior tibial displacement in the knee joint?
What is the purpose of the step-off test or thumb sign?
What is the purpose of the step-off test or thumb sign?
Which ligament is commonly involved in injuries that cause posterior sag?
Which ligament is commonly involved in injuries that cause posterior sag?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting varus-valgus motion in the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting varus-valgus motion in the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for checking lateral patellar displacement at 20° of knee flexion?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for checking lateral patellar displacement at 20° of knee flexion?
Which ligament provides up to 19% of the resistance against lateral patellar displacement?
Which ligament provides up to 19% of the resistance against lateral patellar displacement?
What is the position of the patient during the pivot shift test?
What is the position of the patient during the pivot shift test?
What is the purpose of placing the heel of the hand behind the fibula during the pivot shift test?
What is the purpose of placing the heel of the hand behind the fibula during the pivot shift test?
Why did Bach and colleagues modify the position of the pivot shift test to slight lateral rotation?
Why did Bach and colleagues modify the position of the pivot shift test to slight lateral rotation?
Why does subluxation occur during the pivot shift test?
Why does subluxation occur during the pivot shift test?
What is the recommended action for the examiner during the soft pivot shift test?
What is the recommended action for the examiner during the soft pivot shift test?
What does a positive Lemaire's Jolt Test indicate?
What does a positive Lemaire's Jolt Test indicate?
Which test can be used to check for functional instability after surgical reconstruction?
Which test can be used to check for functional instability after surgical reconstruction?
Which test is a modification of the pivot shift maneuver and is believed to be more sensitive than other anterior lateral rotary instability (ALRI) tests?
Which test is a modification of the pivot shift maneuver and is believed to be more sensitive than other anterior lateral rotary instability (ALRI) tests?
Which test involves applying a valgus stress to the knee while flexing the knee, with the subluxation of the knee reducing at between 25° and 45° of flexion if the test is positive?
Which test involves applying a valgus stress to the knee while flexing the knee, with the subluxation of the knee reducing at between 25° and 45° of flexion if the test is positive?
Which test involves pushing the femur posteriorly while applying a valgus stress to the knee as it is flexed, until the tibia reduces, indicating a positive test?
Which test involves pushing the femur posteriorly while applying a valgus stress to the knee as it is flexed, until the tibia reduces, indicating a positive test?
Which test involves medially rotating the tibia while pushing the head of the fibula forward, noting whether subluxation of the fibula occurs, which indicates a positive test?
Which test involves medially rotating the tibia while pushing the head of the fibula forward, noting whether subluxation of the fibula occurs, which indicates a positive test?
Which test involves applying a valgus force to the knee while extending the patient's knee and applying forward pressure behind the fibular head with the thumb, and a 'clunk' forward is felt just before full extension of the knee if the test is positive?
Which test involves applying a valgus force to the knee while extending the patient's knee and applying forward pressure behind the fibular head with the thumb, and a 'clunk' forward is felt just before full extension of the knee if the test is positive?
Which structure must be intact for the Lachman test to work?
Which structure must be intact for the Lachman test to work?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting anterior translation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting anterior translation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?
Which ligament may be injured if the tibia moves away from the femur when a varus stress is applied to the knee in flexion?
Which ligament may be injured if the tibia moves away from the femur when a varus stress is applied to the knee in flexion?
Which ligament is commonly involved in deceleration injuries to the knee?
Which ligament is commonly involved in deceleration injuries to the knee?
What is the primary function of the patella in the knee joint?
What is the primary function of the patella in the knee joint?
What structures can cause rotation and tilt of the patella if they are tight?
What structures can cause rotation and tilt of the patella if they are tight?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting posterior translation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting posterior translation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?
Which ligament is often involved in a posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury, often resulting from flexion with posterior translation?
Which ligament is often involved in a posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury, often resulting from flexion with posterior translation?
Which structures may have been injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed on the Slocum Test with the foot in 15° of lateral rotation?
Which structures may have been injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed on the Slocum Test with the foot in 15° of lateral rotation?
In which position should the passive motion of the patella be tested to indicate functional instability?
In which position should the passive motion of the patella be tested to indicate functional instability?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for checking anterior tibial displacement in the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for checking anterior tibial displacement in the knee joint?
What ligament is often involved in a posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury, often resulting from flexion with posterior translation?
What ligament is often involved in a posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury, often resulting from flexion with posterior translation?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting anterior translation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting anterior translation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the Lachman test?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the Lachman test?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the posterior drawer test?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the posterior drawer test?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting posterior translation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting posterior translation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?
Which ligament may be injured if the tibia moves away from the femur when a valgus stress is applied to the knee in flexion?
Which ligament may be injured if the tibia moves away from the femur when a valgus stress is applied to the knee in flexion?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the abduction (valgus stress) test for one-plane medial instability?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the abduction (valgus stress) test for one-plane medial instability?
Which ligament is tested in the reverse Lachman test?
Which ligament is tested in the reverse Lachman test?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting varus stress (inward force) applied to the knee in flexion?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting varus stress (inward force) applied to the knee in flexion?
Which ligament may be injured if the tibia moves away from the femur when a varus stress is applied to the knee in flexion?
Which ligament may be injured if the tibia moves away from the femur when a varus stress is applied to the knee in flexion?
What is the primary function of the menisci in the knee joint?
What is the primary function of the menisci in the knee joint?
What ligament is often involved in a posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury, often resulting from flexion with posterior translation?
What ligament is often involved in a posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury, often resulting from flexion with posterior translation?
Which structure may be injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed on the varus stress test performed in full extension?
Which structure may be injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed on the varus stress test performed in full extension?
What is the purpose of the lateral rotation of the knee in the valgus stress test?
What is the purpose of the lateral rotation of the knee in the valgus stress test?
Which test can be used as a good check of functional instability after surgical reconstruction?
Which test can be used as a good check of functional instability after surgical reconstruction?
What is the main advantage of the Slocum ALRI test?
What is the main advantage of the Slocum ALRI test?
Which test is a modification of the pivot shift maneuver and is believed to be more sensitive than other ALRI tests?
Which test is a modification of the pivot shift maneuver and is believed to be more sensitive than other ALRI tests?
What is the purpose of the valgus stress applied to the knee in the Noyes Flexion-Rotation Drawer Test?
What is the purpose of the valgus stress applied to the knee in the Noyes Flexion-Rotation Drawer Test?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting valgus stress applied to the knee in flexion?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting valgus stress applied to the knee in flexion?
Which position is used to test for abnormal anterior displacement of the knee in a posterior cruciate ligament sprain?
Which position is used to test for abnormal anterior displacement of the knee in a posterior cruciate ligament sprain?
What is the difference between the 7-kg and 9-kg anterior displacement tests called?
What is the difference between the 7-kg and 9-kg anterior displacement tests called?
What is the maximum anterior displacement test used to diagnose?
What is the maximum anterior displacement test used to diagnose?
What is the significance of a difference of more than 3 mm between the good and injured legs in the anterior displacement tests?
What is the significance of a difference of more than 3 mm between the good and injured legs in the anterior displacement tests?
What factors can greatly affect the accuracy of readings for these devices?
What factors can greatly affect the accuracy of readings for these devices?
What type of tests have been found to be more responsive to translation differences?
What type of tests have been found to be more responsive to translation differences?
Which of the following structures must be injured to some degree for Posterolateral Rotatory Instability (PLRI) to occur?
Which of the following structures must be injured to some degree for Posterolateral Rotatory Instability (PLRI) to occur?
Which of the following tests is used to assess Posteromedial and Posterolateral Drawer Sign?
Which of the following tests is used to assess Posteromedial and Posterolateral Drawer Sign?
Which test involves the patient standing and leaning against a wall while the examiner applies valgus stress and initiates knee flexion?
Which test involves the patient standing and leaning against a wall while the examiner applies valgus stress and initiates knee flexion?
Which test involves the examiner laterally rotating the tibia on the femur and comparing the amount of rotation with the unaffected side?
Which test involves the examiner laterally rotating the tibia on the femur and comparing the amount of rotation with the unaffected side?
Which test is used to assess loss of posterolateral support structures of the knee?
Which test is used to assess loss of posterolateral support structures of the knee?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for checking anterior tibial displacement in the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for checking anterior tibial displacement in the knee joint?
Which test is commonly used to assist in diagnosing ligament injuries in the knee by detecting abnormal motion?
Which test is commonly used to assist in diagnosing ligament injuries in the knee by detecting abnormal motion?
What is the most commonly used ligament testing device for measuring anteroposterior displacement in the knee?
What is the most commonly used ligament testing device for measuring anteroposterior displacement in the knee?
Which ligament testing device is best for measuring posterior laxity in the knee?
Which ligament testing device is best for measuring posterior laxity in the knee?
What is the most common position used to establish a reference position for the Quadriceps Neutral Test?
What is the most common position used to establish a reference position for the Quadriceps Neutral Test?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?
What is the primary function of ligament testing devices for the knee?
What is the primary function of ligament testing devices for the knee?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for restraining anterior subluxation of the lateral tibial plateau and tibial medial rotation?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for restraining anterior subluxation of the lateral tibial plateau and tibial medial rotation?
Which ligament is commonly involved in injuries that cause posterior sag?
Which ligament is commonly involved in injuries that cause posterior sag?
Which test involves applying a valgus stress to the knee while flexing the knee, with the subluxation of the knee reducing at between 25° and 45° of flexion if the test is positive?
Which test involves applying a valgus stress to the knee while flexing the knee, with the subluxation of the knee reducing at between 25° and 45° of flexion if the test is positive?
What is the normal range of passive medial rotation of the tibia on the femur at 90° of knee flexion in non-weight bearing?
What is the normal range of passive medial rotation of the tibia on the femur at 90° of knee flexion in non-weight bearing?
Which muscle's tightness can prevent full excursion of the patella in the trochlea, especially if the hip is extended?
Which muscle's tightness can prevent full excursion of the patella in the trochlea, especially if the hip is extended?
Which position is considered the close packed position of the knee joint?
Which position is considered the close packed position of the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily assessed during Hughston’s Posteromedial and Posterolateral Drawer Sign?
Which ligament is primarily assessed during Hughston’s Posteromedial and Posterolateral Drawer Sign?
What is the primary purpose of Hughston’s Posteromedial and Posterolateral Drawer Sign?
What is the primary purpose of Hughston’s Posteromedial and Posterolateral Drawer Sign?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting anterior translation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting anterior translation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?
What structures are probably injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed on Hughston’s Posteromedial and Posterolateral Drawer Sign?
What structures are probably injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed on Hughston’s Posteromedial and Posterolateral Drawer Sign?
What position should the leg be in during Hughston’s Posteromedial and Posterolateral Drawer Sign?
What position should the leg be in during Hughston’s Posteromedial and Posterolateral Drawer Sign?
What may cause a false-positive test for anterior medial rotary instability (AMRI) during Hughston’s Posteromedial and Posterolateral Drawer Sign?
What may cause a false-positive test for anterior medial rotary instability (AMRI) during Hughston’s Posteromedial and Posterolateral Drawer Sign?
Which method of the Jakob Test involves the patient standing and leaning against a wall?
Which method of the Jakob Test involves the patient standing and leaning against a wall?
What is the primary purpose of the Loomer’s Posterolateral Rotary Instability Test?
What is the primary purpose of the Loomer’s Posterolateral Rotary Instability Test?
What is the main difference between the first and second methods of the Jakob Test?
What is the main difference between the first and second methods of the Jakob Test?
Which ligament is NOT likely to be injured if the MacIntosh test is positive?
Which ligament is NOT likely to be injured if the MacIntosh test is positive?
What is the position of the knee during the Reverse Pivot Shift Maneuver?
What is the position of the knee during the Reverse Pivot Shift Maneuver?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting varus stress (inward force) applied to the knee in flexion?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting varus stress (inward force) applied to the knee in flexion?
Which ligament is tested with the Supine Internal (Medial) Rotation Test?
Which ligament is tested with the Supine Internal (Medial) Rotation Test?
Which ligaments are injured if the Posteromedial Pivot Shift Test is positive?
Which ligaments are injured if the Posteromedial Pivot Shift Test is positive?
What is the primary purpose of the Active Posterolateral Drawer Sign test?
What is the primary purpose of the Active Posterolateral Drawer Sign test?
Which test is used to assess Posterolateral Rotary Instability?
Which test is used to assess Posterolateral Rotary Instability?
What does a positive test for PLRI indicate?
What does a positive test for PLRI indicate?
What is the purpose of the External Rotation Recurvatum Test?
What is the purpose of the External Rotation Recurvatum Test?
Which test is used to assess for isolated posterolateral (popliteus corner) injury in the knee?
Which test is used to assess for isolated posterolateral (popliteus corner) injury in the knee?
Which ligament testing device is best for testing posterior laxity in the knee?
Which ligament testing device is best for testing posterior laxity in the knee?
Which of the following is a common source of error when using the KT-1000 arthrometer?
Which of the following is a common source of error when using the KT-1000 arthrometer?
At what knee angle does the quadriceps active position (quadriceps neutral angle) usually occur?
At what knee angle does the quadriceps active position (quadriceps neutral angle) usually occur?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting varus stress (inward force) applied to the knee in flexion?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting varus stress (inward force) applied to the knee in flexion?
What is the primary function of ligament testing devices for the knee?
What is the primary function of ligament testing devices for the knee?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for stabilizing the knee against medial rotation of the tibia on the femur?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for stabilizing the knee against medial rotation of the tibia on the femur?
Which ligament plays a role in stabilization through the changing degrees of knee flexion during the rotation that occurs with the tests?
Which ligament plays a role in stabilization through the changing degrees of knee flexion during the rotation that occurs with the tests?
What structures can cause rotation and tilt of the patella if they are tight?
What structures can cause rotation and tilt of the patella if they are tight?
What is the primary purpose of the Noyes Flexion-Rotation Drawer Test?
What is the primary purpose of the Noyes Flexion-Rotation Drawer Test?
What is the term for a varus deformity or genu varum if two or more fingers (4 cm [1.6 inches]) fit between the knees when the ankles are together?
What is the term for a varus deformity or genu varum if two or more fingers (4 cm [1.6 inches]) fit between the knees when the ankles are together?
What is the normal range of dorsiflexion in the ankle during the examination?
What is the normal range of dorsiflexion in the ankle during the examination?
Which test involves applying a 9-kg (20-lb) anterior force followed by a 9-kg (20-lb) posterior force to the patient's leg positioned at the quadriceps neutral angle?
Which test involves applying a 9-kg (20-lb) anterior force followed by a 9-kg (20-lb) posterior force to the patient's leg positioned at the quadriceps neutral angle?
What is the compliance index?
What is the compliance index?
What is considered diagnostic for injury to the anterior cruciate or posterior cruciate ligament?
What is considered diagnostic for injury to the anterior cruciate or posterior cruciate ligament?
Which factor affects the accuracy of readings for knee measuring devices?
Which factor affects the accuracy of readings for knee measuring devices?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the Lachman test?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the Lachman test?
What are force displacement curves and frequency-distribution curves used to demonstrate?
What are force displacement curves and frequency-distribution curves used to demonstrate?
Which of the following statements about special tests on the knee is true?
Which of the following statements about special tests on the knee is true?
Why is it difficult to diagnose a meniscus injury based solely on tests?
Why is it difficult to diagnose a meniscus injury based solely on tests?
What is needed to have a high level of suspicion of meniscus injury?
What is needed to have a high level of suspicion of meniscus injury?
What is the result of meniscus pathology if the ligaments have been ruled out as causes of the pain?
What is the result of meniscus pathology if the ligaments have been ruled out as causes of the pain?
What percentage of meniscus injuries have joint line pain or tenderness?
What percentage of meniscus injuries have joint line pain or tenderness?
What should not be used in isolation for the diagnosis of meniscus injury?
What should not be used in isolation for the diagnosis of meniscus injury?
Which test is used to assess for a meniscus tear primarily in the middle or posterior part of the meniscus?
Which test is used to assess for a meniscus tear primarily in the middle or posterior part of the meniscus?
Which test is used to assess for an avulsion of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus?
Which test is used to assess for an avulsion of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus?
Which test is used to assess for plica injuries in the knee?
Which test is used to assess for plica injuries in the knee?
Which test is used to assess for a meniscus tear if the patient experiences medial or lateral joint line discomfort and a sense of locking or catching in the knee?
Which test is used to assess for a meniscus tear if the patient experiences medial or lateral joint line discomfort and a sense of locking or catching in the knee?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting varus stress (inward force) applied to the knee in flexion?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting varus stress (inward force) applied to the knee in flexion?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting anterior translation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting anterior translation of the tibia on the femur in the knee joint?
Which test is considered positive if pain and/or a click is felt by the patient along the joint line or heard by the examiner?
Which test is considered positive if pain and/or a click is felt by the patient along the joint line or heard by the examiner?
What is the purpose of the McMurray test?
What is the purpose of the McMurray test?
Which test involves medially rotating the tibia, extending the knee, and moving through the full range of motion to test the lateral meniscus?
Which test involves medially rotating the tibia, extending the knee, and moving through the full range of motion to test the lateral meniscus?
Which test is performed with the knee flexed and extended while applying varus and valgus stresses?
Which test is performed with the knee flexed and extended while applying varus and valgus stresses?
Which test involves lifting the foot of the test leg and swinging the leg rapidly from a varus to valgus stress while pushing a finger in the joint line?
Which test involves lifting the foot of the test leg and swinging the leg rapidly from a varus to valgus stress while pushing a finger in the joint line?
Which test is used to assess if there is injury to the meniscus, a possible cruciate injury, or insufficient strength in the quadriceps muscles to 'screw home' the knee?
Which test is used to assess if there is injury to the meniscus, a possible cruciate injury, or insufficient strength in the quadriceps muscles to 'screw home' the knee?
Which test involves applying valgus and varus stresses to the knee while passively flexing and extending it, producing a circular motion to the knee?
Which test involves applying valgus and varus stresses to the knee while passively flexing and extending it, producing a circular motion to the knee?
Which test is performed with the patient lying in the prone position and the knee flexed to 90°, and involves medially and laterally rotating the tibia while noting any restriction, excessive movement, or discomfort?
Which test is performed with the patient lying in the prone position and the knee flexed to 90°, and involves medially and laterally rotating the tibia while noting any restriction, excessive movement, or discomfort?
Which test involves applying varus and valgus stresses to the knee and assessing for pain in the opposite joint line, indicating meniscus pathology?
Which test involves applying varus and valgus stresses to the knee and assessing for pain in the opposite joint line, indicating meniscus pathology?
Which test involves flexing the patient's knee, laterally rotating the tibia, and extending the knee to assess for pain and tenderness on the medial joint line, indicating medial meniscus pathology?
Which test involves flexing the patient's knee, laterally rotating the tibia, and extending the knee to assess for pain and tenderness on the medial joint line, indicating medial meniscus pathology?
Which test involves cupping the patient's heel in the examiner's hand, completely flexing the knee, and passively allowing it to extend to assess for a rubbery end feel, indicating a torn meniscus?
Which test involves cupping the patient's heel in the examiner's hand, completely flexing the knee, and passively allowing it to extend to assess for a rubbery end feel, indicating a torn meniscus?
Which test involves palpating the joint line with one hand while the patient is asked to isometrically straighten the knee against resistance, and assesses for pain on the joint, indicating a meniscus lesion?
Which test involves palpating the joint line with one hand while the patient is asked to isometrically straighten the knee against resistance, and assesses for pain on the joint, indicating a meniscus lesion?
Which test involves pushing the patella medially and rotating the tibia while the patient's knee is flexed and then extended?
Which test involves pushing the patella medially and rotating the tibia while the patient's knee is flexed and then extended?
During which test is the patient seated on the edge of the examining table with both knees flexed to 90° and the examiner palpates the patella during knee extension?
During which test is the patient seated on the edge of the examining table with both knees flexed to 90° and the examiner palpates the patella during knee extension?
Which test involves applying a valgus stress to the knee while flexing the knee, with the subluxation of the knee reducing at between 25° and 45° of flexion if the test is positive?
Which test involves applying a valgus stress to the knee while flexing the knee, with the subluxation of the knee reducing at between 25° and 45° of flexion if the test is positive?
What is the position of the patient during the MacIntosh test?
What is the position of the patient during the MacIntosh test?
Which ligament is the primary restraint to anterior tibial displacement and a secondary restraint to varus-valgus motion in full extension and rotation?
Which ligament is the primary restraint to anterior tibial displacement and a secondary restraint to varus-valgus motion in full extension and rotation?
Which muscle is commonly weak in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries?
Which muscle is commonly weak in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries?
Which of the following statements about special tests on the knee is most accurate?
Which of the following statements about special tests on the knee is most accurate?
What is the main challenge in diagnosing a meniscus injury?
What is the main challenge in diagnosing a meniscus injury?
What percentage of meniscus injuries have joint line pain or tenderness?
What percentage of meniscus injuries have joint line pain or tenderness?
Which of the following factors is NOT considered in assessing the reliability of special tests on the knee?
Which of the following factors is NOT considered in assessing the reliability of special tests on the knee?
What is the purpose of tests for swelling on the knee?
What is the purpose of tests for swelling on the knee?
Which of the following statements about tests for meniscus injuries is most accurate?
Which of the following statements about tests for meniscus injuries is most accurate?
During the Patellar Bowstring Test, the examiner pushes the patella medially and holds it there while flexing the patient's knee and medially rotating the tibia. This test is used to assess for which condition?
During the Patellar Bowstring Test, the examiner pushes the patella medially and holds it there while flexing the patient's knee and medially rotating the tibia. This test is used to assess for which condition?
During the Plica 'Stutter' Test, the patient is instructed to slowly extend the knee while the examiner palpates the patella. If the test is positive, the patella stutters or jumps between which degrees of flexion?
During the Plica 'Stutter' Test, the patient is instructed to slowly extend the knee while the examiner palpates the patella. If the test is positive, the patella stutters or jumps between which degrees of flexion?
Which hand of the examiner is used to push the patella medially during the Patellar Bowstring Test?
Which hand of the examiner is used to push the patella medially during the Patellar Bowstring Test?
During the Patellar Bowstring Test, the examiner listens for any sounds or feels for any grinding while performing which movement?
During the Patellar Bowstring Test, the examiner listens for any sounds or feels for any grinding while performing which movement?
During the Plica 'Stutter' Test, the patient is seated on the edge of the examining table with both knees flexed to what angle?
During the Plica 'Stutter' Test, the patient is seated on the edge of the examining table with both knees flexed to what angle?
Which test is used to assess for mediopatellar plica by pushing the patella medially and holding it there while flexing the patient's knee and medially rotating the tibia?
Which test is used to assess for mediopatellar plica by pushing the patella medially and holding it there while flexing the patient's knee and medially rotating the tibia?
What is the purpose of the McMurray test?
What is the purpose of the McMurray test?
What is the purpose of the Figure-of-Four Meniscal Stress Maneuver?
What is the purpose of the Figure-of-Four Meniscal Stress Maneuver?
What is the purpose of the Modified Helfet Test?
What is the purpose of the Modified Helfet Test?
What is the purpose of Kromer’s Sign?
What is the purpose of Kromer’s Sign?
What is the purpose of the Passler Rotational Grind Test?
What is the purpose of the Passler Rotational Grind Test?
What is the purpose of O’Donohue’s Test?
What is the purpose of O’Donohue’s Test?
Which of the following tests is used to assess for a meniscus injury by applying valgus and varus stresses to the knee as it is passively flexed and extended?
Which of the following tests is used to assess for a meniscus injury by applying valgus and varus stresses to the knee as it is passively flexed and extended?
Which test is considered positive for a meniscus lesion if the knee is allowed to quickly extend in one movement and the patient experiences a sharp pain on the joint line?
Which test is considered positive for a meniscus lesion if the knee is allowed to quickly extend in one movement and the patient experiences a sharp pain on the joint line?
Which test involves the patient lying supine with the knee flexed to 90° and the examiner medially and laterally rotating the tibia while noting any restriction, excessive movement, or discomfort?
Which test involves the patient lying supine with the knee flexed to 90° and the examiner medially and laterally rotating the tibia while noting any restriction, excessive movement, or discomfort?
Which test is positive for a medial meniscus pathology if pain and tenderness on the medial joint line decrease when the examiner medially rotates the tibia and flexes the knee?
Which test is positive for a medial meniscus pathology if pain and tenderness on the medial joint line decrease when the examiner medially rotates the tibia and flexes the knee?
Which test involves the patient lying supine with the hip flexed, abducted, and laterally rotated, and the examiner palpating the lateral joint line while adducting the hip?
Which test involves the patient lying supine with the hip flexed, abducted, and laterally rotated, and the examiner palpating the lateral joint line while adducting the hip?
Which test is positive for a lateral meniscus tear if there is increased pain on the joint line or a sharp pain at the end of adduction?
Which test is positive for a lateral meniscus tear if there is increased pain on the joint line or a sharp pain at the end of adduction?
Which test is used to assess for a meniscus lesion primarily in the middle or posterior part of the meniscus?
Which test is used to assess for a meniscus lesion primarily in the middle or posterior part of the meniscus?
Which test is used to assess for an avulsion of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus?
Which test is used to assess for an avulsion of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus?
Which test is used to assess for a meniscus tear if the patient experiences medial or lateral joint line discomfort and a sense of locking or catching in the knee?
Which test is used to assess for a meniscus tear if the patient experiences medial or lateral joint line discomfort and a sense of locking or catching in the knee?
Which test is used to assess for a possible meniscus tear indicated by point tenderness and pain on the joint line that appears to move anteriorly when the knee is extended and moves posteriorly when the knee is flexed?
Which test is used to assess for a possible meniscus tear indicated by point tenderness and pain on the joint line that appears to move anteriorly when the knee is extended and moves posteriorly when the knee is flexed?
Which test is used to assess for an abnormal plica that can mimic meniscus pathology?
Which test is used to assess for an abnormal plica that can mimic meniscus pathology?
Which test is used to assess for pinching of the edge of the plica between the medial femoral condyle and the patella?
Which test is used to assess for pinching of the edge of the plica between the medial femoral condyle and the patella?
What is the purpose of the McMurray test?
What is the purpose of the McMurray test?
What is the primary function of the coronary ligaments in relation to the menisci?
What is the primary function of the coronary ligaments in relation to the menisci?
Which test involves applying a valgus stress to the knee while flexing the knee, with the subluxation of the knee reducing at between 25° and 45° of flexion if the test is positive?
Which test involves applying a valgus stress to the knee while flexing the knee, with the subluxation of the knee reducing at between 25° and 45° of flexion if the test is positive?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the Active Pivot Shift Test?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the Active Pivot Shift Test?
What is the approximate degree of passive lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur at 90° of knee flexion?
What is the approximate degree of passive lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur at 90° of knee flexion?
Which of the following questions can give an indication of the patient's functional disability and how much the knee is bothering the patient?
Which of the following questions can give an indication of the patient's functional disability and how much the knee is bothering the patient?
Which factor(s) determine the outcome of special tests on the knee?
Which factor(s) determine the outcome of special tests on the knee?
Why is it difficult to diagnose a meniscus injury based solely on a positive test?
Why is it difficult to diagnose a meniscus injury based solely on a positive test?
Which statement regarding joint line pain or tenderness and meniscus injuries is most accurate?
Which statement regarding joint line pain or tenderness and meniscus injuries is most accurate?
What is the primary purpose of tests for swelling on the knee?
What is the primary purpose of tests for swelling on the knee?
Which combination of factors is needed to have a high level of suspicion of meniscus injury?
Which combination of factors is needed to have a high level of suspicion of meniscus injury?
What percentage of meniscus injuries have joint line pain or tenderness?
What percentage of meniscus injuries have joint line pain or tenderness?
Which test is used to assess meniscus pathology by applying valgus and varus stresses to the knee while passively flexing and extending it?
Which test is used to assess meniscus pathology by applying valgus and varus stresses to the knee while passively flexing and extending it?
Which test is used to differentiate between ligamentous and meniscus injuries by medially and laterally rotating the tibia while the knee is flexed to 90°?
Which test is used to differentiate between ligamentous and meniscus injuries by medially and laterally rotating the tibia while the knee is flexed to 90°?
Which test is used to assess meniscus pathology by applying varus and valgus stresses to the knee and observing pain in the opposite joint line?
Which test is used to assess meniscus pathology by applying varus and valgus stresses to the knee and observing pain in the opposite joint line?
Which test is used to assess meniscus pathology by palpating the joint line while the patient is isometrically straightening the knee?
Which test is used to assess meniscus pathology by palpating the joint line while the patient is isometrically straightening the knee?
Which test is used to assess meniscus pathology by squatting and walking forward in the squatted position, and observing joint line pain or painful clicking?
Which test is used to assess meniscus pathology by squatting and walking forward in the squatted position, and observing joint line pain or painful clicking?
Which test is used to assess meniscus pathology by adducting the hip while palpating the lateral joint line, and observing increased pain or sharp pain at the end of adduction?
Which test is used to assess meniscus pathology by adducting the hip while palpating the lateral joint line, and observing increased pain or sharp pain at the end of adduction?
During the Patellar Bowstring Test, the patient lies on his or her side with the test leg uppermost. The examiner pushes the patella medially and holds it there, while also medially rotating the tibia. The knee is then extended while the examiner listens for any sounds or feels for any grinding. What is the purpose of this test?
During the Patellar Bowstring Test, the patient lies on his or her side with the test leg uppermost. The examiner pushes the patella medially and holds it there, while also medially rotating the tibia. The knee is then extended while the examiner listens for any sounds or feels for any grinding. What is the purpose of this test?
What is the primary purpose of the Plica 'Stutter' Test?
What is the primary purpose of the Plica 'Stutter' Test?
During the Plica 'Stutter' Test, at what range of knee flexion does the patella stutter or jump if the test is positive?
During the Plica 'Stutter' Test, at what range of knee flexion does the patella stutter or jump if the test is positive?
What position is the patient in during the Plica 'Stutter' Test?
What position is the patient in during the Plica 'Stutter' Test?
What does a positive Plica 'Stutter' Test indicate?
What does a positive Plica 'Stutter' Test indicate?
What is the recommended hand position for examiners with small hands during the Lachman test?
What is the recommended hand position for examiners with small hands during the Lachman test?
Which test is used to assess for pain and tenderness on the medial joint line, indicating medial meniscus pathology?
Which test is used to assess for pain and tenderness on the medial joint line, indicating medial meniscus pathology?
Which test is positive for a lateral meniscus tear if there is increased pain on the joint line or a sharp pain at the end of adduction?
Which test is positive for a lateral meniscus tear if there is increased pain on the joint line or a sharp pain at the end of adduction?
Which test involves flexing the patient's knee, laterally rotating the tibia, and extending the knee to assess for pain and tenderness on the medial joint line, indicating medial meniscus pathology?
Which test involves flexing the patient's knee, laterally rotating the tibia, and extending the knee to assess for pain and tenderness on the medial joint line, indicating medial meniscus pathology?
Which test is recommended to be performed if a meniscus or plica injury is suspected?
Which test is recommended to be performed if a meniscus or plica injury is suspected?
Which test involves the examiner flexing the knee and medially rotating the tibia while pressing the patella medially and palpating the medial femoral condyle to feel for 'popping' of the plica band?
Which test involves the examiner flexing the knee and medially rotating the tibia while pressing the patella medially and palpating the medial femoral condyle to feel for 'popping' of the plica band?
Which test involves the examiner pushing the patella medially with the thumb while the patient's affected knee is flexed to 30°, and if the patient complains of pain or a click, it indicates a positive test?
Which test involves the examiner pushing the patella medially with the thumb while the patient's affected knee is flexed to 30°, and if the patient complains of pain or a click, it indicates a positive test?
What is the most likely cause of a block in knee extension during the 'Bounce Home' test?
What is the most likely cause of a block in knee extension during the 'Bounce Home' test?
Which test is used to assess medial meniscus pathology by applying varus and valgus stresses to the knee?
Which test is used to assess medial meniscus pathology by applying varus and valgus stresses to the knee?
What does a positive Childress' Sign indicate?
What does a positive Childress' Sign indicate?
Which test is used to assess lateral meniscus tear by palpating the lateral joint line and adducting the hip?
Which test is used to assess lateral meniscus tear by palpating the lateral joint line and adducting the hip?
What is the purpose of Cabot's Popliteal Sign test?
What is the purpose of Cabot's Popliteal Sign test?
What does a positive Bragard's Sign indicate?
What does a positive Bragard's Sign indicate?
What is the purpose of the Figure-of-Four Meniscal Stress Maneuver?
What is the purpose of the Figure-of-Four Meniscal Stress Maneuver?
What is the purpose of the Kromer's Sign test?
What is the purpose of the Kromer's Sign test?
What is the purpose of the McMurray Test?
What is the purpose of the McMurray Test?
What is the purpose of the Modified Helfet Test?
What is the purpose of the Modified Helfet Test?
What is the purpose of O'Donohue's Test?
What is the purpose of O'Donohue's Test?
What is the purpose of the Passler Rotational Grind Test?
What is the purpose of the Passler Rotational Grind Test?
Which of the following statements about special tests on the knee is most accurate?
Which of the following statements about special tests on the knee is most accurate?
What is the primary purpose of special tests for swelling in the knee?
What is the primary purpose of special tests for swelling in the knee?
Why can diagnosing a meniscus injury be difficult even with experience?
Why can diagnosing a meniscus injury be difficult even with experience?
What is needed to have a high level of suspicion of meniscus injury?
What is needed to have a high level of suspicion of meniscus injury?
What percentage of meniscus injuries have joint line pain or tenderness?
What percentage of meniscus injuries have joint line pain or tenderness?
Which finding should not be used in isolation for diagnosing meniscus pathology?
Which finding should not be used in isolation for diagnosing meniscus pathology?
Which test is used to assess for abnormal movement of the patella during knee extension?
Which test is used to assess for abnormal movement of the patella during knee extension?
What position should the patient be in during the Plica Stutter Test?
What position should the patient be in during the Plica Stutter Test?
During the Patellar Bowstring Test, the examiner pushes the patella in which direction?
During the Patellar Bowstring Test, the examiner pushes the patella in which direction?
At what degree of knee flexion does the patella stutter or jump during the Plica Stutter Test if it is positive?
At what degree of knee flexion does the patella stutter or jump during the Plica Stutter Test if it is positive?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting lateral patellar displacement at 20° of knee flexion?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting lateral patellar displacement at 20° of knee flexion?
What does a positive finding on the Patellar Bowstring Test indicate?
What does a positive finding on the Patellar Bowstring Test indicate?
Which test involves the examiner applying a varus or a valgus stress to the knee while rotating the tibia medially and laterally through various flexion angles, and pain elicited on the joint line indicates a meniscus lesion?
Which test involves the examiner applying a varus or a valgus stress to the knee while rotating the tibia medially and laterally through various flexion angles, and pain elicited on the joint line indicates a meniscus lesion?
Which test involves the examiner flexing the knee and medially rotating the tibia while pressing the patella medially, and a positive test is indicated by the popping of the plica band under the fingers?
Which test involves the examiner flexing the knee and medially rotating the tibia while pressing the patella medially, and a positive test is indicated by the popping of the plica band under the fingers?
Which test involves the examiner pushing the patella medially with the thumb while the patient lies in the supine position with the affected knee flexed to 30°, and a positive test is indicated by the patient complaining of pain or a click?
Which test involves the examiner pushing the patella medially with the thumb while the patient lies in the supine position with the affected knee flexed to 30°, and a positive test is indicated by the patient complaining of pain or a click?
Which test involves the examiner palpating the joint line with one hand while the patient is asked to isometrically straighten the knee against resistance, and assesses for pain on the joint line, indicating a meniscus lesion?
Which test involves the examiner palpating the joint line with one hand while the patient is asked to isometrically straighten the knee against resistance, and assesses for pain on the joint line, indicating a meniscus lesion?
Which test involves the patient standing flat footed on one leg while the examiner provides hands for balance, and the patient flexes the knee to 5° and rotates the femur on the tibia medially and laterally three times while maintaining the 5° flexion?
Which test involves the patient standing flat footed on one leg while the examiner provides hands for balance, and the patient flexes the knee to 5° and rotates the femur on the tibia medially and laterally three times while maintaining the 5° flexion?
Which test involves the examiner applying a valgus stress to the knee, in the presence of an avulsion, the medial meniscus is extruded anteromedially and becomes more apparent on the anteromedial joint line?
Which test involves the examiner applying a valgus stress to the knee, in the presence of an avulsion, the medial meniscus is extruded anteromedially and becomes more apparent on the anteromedial joint line?
Which of the following tests is used to assess for dislocation of the patella?
Which of the following tests is used to assess for dislocation of the patella?
Which of the following tests is primarily used for machine testing of laxity?
Which of the following tests is primarily used for machine testing of laxity?
Which of the following tests is used to assess for functional leg length difference?
Which of the following tests is used to assess for functional leg length difference?
Which of the following tests is used to assess for quadriceps neutral angle?
Which of the following tests is used to assess for quadriceps neutral angle?
Which of the following tests involves side steps with an elastic band tied around the ankles?
Which of the following tests involves side steps with an elastic band tied around the ankles?
Which of the following tests involves hopping in a transverse plane?
Which of the following tests involves hopping in a transverse plane?
Which position allows the synovial cavity to have maximum capacity for holding fluid?
Which position allows the synovial cavity to have maximum capacity for holding fluid?
What is the term used to describe swelling within the joint that consists of blood?
What is the term used to describe swelling within the joint that consists of blood?
What is the primary cause of excess blood swelling in the knee?
What is the primary cause of excess blood swelling in the knee?
When does synovial fluid swelling caused by joint irritation typically occur?
When does synovial fluid swelling caused by joint irritation typically occur?
What is the feeling within the joint when synovial fluid swelling occurs?
What is the feeling within the joint when synovial fluid swelling occurs?
When does swelling usually occur and disappear?
When does swelling usually occur and disappear?
Which test is used to assess minimal effusion in the knee joint?
Which test is used to assess minimal effusion in the knee joint?
Which test involves the examiner feeling the synovial fluid fluctuate under the hands and move from one hand to the other, indicating significant effusion?
Which test involves the examiner feeling the synovial fluid fluctuate under the hands and move from one hand to the other, indicating significant effusion?
Which test is used to detect swelling in the knee joint by observing the disappearance of an indentation on the lateral side of the patellar tendon?
Which test is used to detect swelling in the knee joint by observing the disappearance of an indentation on the lateral side of the patellar tendon?
Which test involves applying a slight tap or pressure over the patella to feel for a floating sensation?
Which test involves applying a slight tap or pressure over the patella to feel for a floating sensation?
Which test involves milking fluid from the suprapatellar pouch and palpating for fluid accumulation or a wave passing under the fingers?
Which test involves milking fluid from the suprapatellar pouch and palpating for fluid accumulation or a wave passing under the fingers?
Which condition is characterized by pain during activities such as climbing stairs, stepping up or down, prolonged sitting, squatting, or getting up from a chair?
Which condition is characterized by pain during activities such as climbing stairs, stepping up or down, prolonged sitting, squatting, or getting up from a chair?
Which test involves the examiner pushing the patella medially while the knee is returned to the painful angle, and the patient performs an isometric contraction with the patella held medially?
Which test involves the examiner pushing the patella medially while the knee is returned to the painful angle, and the patient performs an isometric contraction with the patella held medially?
Which test is used to assess for crepitus and discomfort severity and location in the patellofemoral joint by passively moving the patient's knee between full extension and 100° flexion?
Which test is used to assess for crepitus and discomfort severity and location in the patellofemoral joint by passively moving the patient's knee between full extension and 100° flexion?
Which test involves the patient stepping up sideways onto a stool using the good leg, and indicates patellofemoral arthralgia, weak quadriceps, or an inability to stabilize the pelvis if the patient is unable to do the test?
Which test involves the patient stepping up sideways onto a stool using the good leg, and indicates patellofemoral arthralgia, weak quadriceps, or an inability to stabilize the pelvis if the patient is unable to do the test?
Which test involves the patient lying supine and slowly extending the knee without pressing into the examiner's fist or lifting the leg away from the fist while trying to achieve full extension?
Which test involves the patient lying supine and slowly extending the knee without pressing into the examiner's fist or lifting the leg away from the fist while trying to achieve full extension?
Which test assesses the presence of patellofemoral syndrome by palpating the patella while the patient performs several slow deep knee bends?
Which test assesses the presence of patellofemoral syndrome by palpating the patella while the patient performs several slow deep knee bends?
Which test involves the examiner pulling the patella distally and holding it in this position while the patient contracts the quadriceps?
Which test involves the examiner pulling the patella distally and holding it in this position while the patient contracts the quadriceps?
Which test assesses the presence of a problem with the articulation between the articular surface of the patella and the articular surfaces of the femoral condyles, but is not specific to one pathology?
Which test assesses the presence of a problem with the articulation between the articular surface of the patella and the articular surfaces of the femoral condyles, but is not specific to one pathology?
Which test involves the patient stepping down slowly and smoothly from a 15-cm (6-inch)-high step or stool, and is considered positive if pain is felt during the test?
Which test involves the patient stepping down slowly and smoothly from a 15-cm (6-inch)-high step or stool, and is considered positive if pain is felt during the test?
Which test involves the examiner percussing the patella in various positions of knee flexion, and pain indicates a positive test and may signify chondromalacia patellae?
Which test involves the examiner percussing the patella in various positions of knee flexion, and pain indicates a positive test and may signify chondromalacia patellae?
Which test involves the patient contracting the quadriceps while the examiner watches the movement of the patella, and if lateral movement is excessive, the test is positive for lateral overpull of the quadriceps, resulting in a patellofemoral arthralgia?
Which test involves the patient contracting the quadriceps while the examiner watches the movement of the patella, and if lateral movement is excessive, the test is positive for lateral overpull of the quadriceps, resulting in a patellofemoral arthralgia?
Which test involves the patient sitting with the femur laterally rotated, and performing isometric quadriceps contractions at various degrees of flexion, with each contraction held for 10 seconds, and if pain is produced during any of the contractions, the patient's leg is passively returned to full extension by the examiner?
Which test involves the patient sitting with the femur laterally rotated, and performing isometric quadriceps contractions at various degrees of flexion, with each contraction held for 10 seconds, and if pain is produced during any of the contractions, the patient's leg is passively returned to full extension by the examiner?
Which test involves the examiner pressing down slightly proximal to the upper pole or base of the patella with the web of the hand as the patient lies relaxed with the knee extended, and the patient is then asked to contract the quadriceps muscles while the examiner pushes down?
Which test involves the examiner pressing down slightly proximal to the upper pole or base of the patella with the web of the hand as the patient lies relaxed with the knee extended, and the patient is then asked to contract the quadriceps muscles while the examiner pushes down?
Which position of the knee joint allows the synovial cavity to have the maximum capacity for holding fluid?
Which position of the knee joint allows the synovial cavity to have the maximum capacity for holding fluid?
How quickly does blood swelling (hemarthrosis) within the joint typically come on?
How quickly does blood swelling (hemarthrosis) within the joint typically come on?
What does blood swelling (hemarthrosis) feel like on palpation?
What does blood swelling (hemarthrosis) feel like on palpation?
When does synovial fluid swelling caused by joint irritation typically occur?
When does synovial fluid swelling caused by joint irritation typically occur?
What does synovial fluid swelling caused by joint irritation feel like within the joint?
What does synovial fluid swelling caused by joint irritation feel like within the joint?
When does swelling usually occur and disappear?
When does swelling usually occur and disappear?
Which test is used to assess for dislocation of the patella?
Which test is used to assess for dislocation of the patella?
What is the average angle of the quadriceps neutral angle?
What is the average angle of the quadriceps neutral angle?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for checking anterior tibial displacement in the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for checking anterior tibial displacement in the knee joint?
Which test is used to assess for a meniscus tear primarily in the middle or posterior part of the meniscus?
Which test is used to assess for a meniscus tear primarily in the middle or posterior part of the meniscus?
What is the primary function of the menisci in the knee joint?
What is the primary function of the menisci in the knee joint?
What does a lateral glide of three quadrants suggest?
What does a lateral glide of three quadrants suggest?
Which test assesses the coordination of the vastus medialis, and has the most positive likelihood ratio in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS)?
Which test assesses the coordination of the vastus medialis, and has the most positive likelihood ratio in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS)?
Which test involves the patient stepping down from a 15-cm (6-inch)-high step or stool, and is considered positive if pain is felt during the test?
Which test involves the patient stepping down from a 15-cm (6-inch)-high step or stool, and is considered positive if pain is felt during the test?
Which test involves the examiner pressing down slightly proximal to the upper pole or base of the patella with the web of the hand, while the patient contracts the quadriceps muscles?
Which test involves the examiner pressing down slightly proximal to the upper pole or base of the patella with the web of the hand, while the patient contracts the quadriceps muscles?
Which test involves the examiner percussing the patella in various positions of knee flexion, and pain indicates a positive test that may signify chondromalacia patellae?
Which test involves the examiner percussing the patella in various positions of knee flexion, and pain indicates a positive test that may signify chondromalacia patellae?
Which test assesses the movement of the patella while the patient contracts the quadriceps, and is positive for lateral overpull of the quadriceps if there is excessive lateral movement?
Which test assesses the movement of the patella while the patient contracts the quadriceps, and is positive for lateral overpull of the quadriceps if there is excessive lateral movement?
Which test involves the patient performing isometric quadriceps contractions at different degrees of knee flexion, and is positive if pain is produced during any of the contractions?
Which test involves the patient performing isometric quadriceps contractions at different degrees of knee flexion, and is positive if pain is produced during any of the contractions?
Which test is used to assess for abnormal anterior displacement of the knee in a posterior cruciate ligament sprain?
Which test is used to assess for abnormal anterior displacement of the knee in a posterior cruciate ligament sprain?
Which ligament plays a role in stabilization through the changing degrees of knee flexion during the rotation that occurs with the tests?
Which ligament plays a role in stabilization through the changing degrees of knee flexion during the rotation that occurs with the tests?
During the Patellar Bowstring Test, the patient lies on his or her side with the test leg uppermost. The examiner pushes the patella medially and holds it there, while also medially rotating the tibia. The knee is then extended while the examiner listens for any sounds or feels for any grinding. What is the purpose of this test?
During the Patellar Bowstring Test, the patient lies on his or her side with the test leg uppermost. The examiner pushes the patella medially and holds it there, while also medially rotating the tibia. The knee is then extended while the examiner listens for any sounds or feels for any grinding. What is the purpose of this test?
What is the primary cause of patellofemoral arthralgia?
What is the primary cause of patellofemoral arthralgia?
During the movement from flexion to extension, different parts of the patella articulate with the femoral condyles until at least how many degrees of flexion is reached?
During the movement from flexion to extension, different parts of the patella articulate with the femoral condyles until at least how many degrees of flexion is reached?
Which muscle is commonly weak in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries?
Which muscle is commonly weak in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries?
Which test is used to assess for minimal effusion in the knee by stroking the suprapatellar pouch and observing for a wave of fluid passing to the medial side of the joint?
Which test is used to assess for minimal effusion in the knee by stroking the suprapatellar pouch and observing for a wave of fluid passing to the medial side of the joint?
Which test is used to assess for significant effusion in the knee by feeling the synovial fluid fluctuate under the hands and move from one hand to the other?
Which test is used to assess for significant effusion in the knee by feeling the synovial fluid fluctuate under the hands and move from one hand to the other?
Which test is used to assess for swelling in the knee by observing for the disappearance of an indentation on the lateral side of the patellar tendon?
Which test is used to assess for swelling in the knee by observing for the disappearance of an indentation on the lateral side of the patellar tendon?
Which test is used to assess for a floating patella and detect a large amount of swelling in the knee?
Which test is used to assess for a floating patella and detect a large amount of swelling in the knee?
Which test is used to assess for fluid accumulation or a wave of fluid passing under the fingers in the knee?
Which test is used to assess for fluid accumulation or a wave of fluid passing under the fingers in the knee?
Which test is used to assess for pain and tenderness on the medial joint line, indicating medial meniscus pathology?
Which test is used to assess for pain and tenderness on the medial joint line, indicating medial meniscus pathology?
Which test involves the patient performing slow deep knee bends while the examiner palpates the patella?
Which test involves the patient performing slow deep knee bends while the examiner palpates the patella?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting varus stress (lateral opening) of the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting varus stress (lateral opening) of the knee joint?
Which test involves the patient stepping up sideways onto a stool using the good leg and is considered positive if pain is felt during the test?
Which test involves the patient stepping up sideways onto a stool using the good leg and is considered positive if pain is felt during the test?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for restraining anterior subluxation of the lateral tibial plateau and tibial medial rotation?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for restraining anterior subluxation of the lateral tibial plateau and tibial medial rotation?
Which test involves the patient lying supine and slowly extending the knee without pressing into the examiner's fist or lifting the leg away from the fist while trying to achieve full extension?
Which test involves the patient lying supine and slowly extending the knee without pressing into the examiner's fist or lifting the leg away from the fist while trying to achieve full extension?
Which ligament is the primary static restraint to lateral patellar displacement at 20° of knee flexion?
Which ligament is the primary static restraint to lateral patellar displacement at 20° of knee flexion?
Which position of the knee joint allows the synovial cavity to have the maximum capacity for holding fluid?
Which position of the knee joint allows the synovial cavity to have the maximum capacity for holding fluid?
What is the primary purpose of knee-specific, activity-specific, and general health questionnaires?
What is the primary purpose of knee-specific, activity-specific, and general health questionnaires?
What is the recommended hand position for examiners with small hands during the Lachman test?
What is the recommended hand position for examiners with small hands during the Lachman test?
Which test is used to assess for swelling in the knee by observing for the disappearance of an indentation on the lateral side of the patellar tendon?
Which test is used to assess for swelling in the knee by observing for the disappearance of an indentation on the lateral side of the patellar tendon?
Why can diagnosing a meniscus injury be difficult even with experience?
Why can diagnosing a meniscus injury be difficult even with experience?
What is the primary function of the menisci in the knee joint?
What is the primary function of the menisci in the knee joint?
Which of the following tests assesses the presence of a problem with the articulation between the articular surface of the patella and the articular surfaces of the femoral condyles?
Which of the following tests assesses the presence of a problem with the articulation between the articular surface of the patella and the articular surfaces of the femoral condyles?
Which test involves the patient stepping down, first leading with the injured leg, as slowly and smoothly as possible while the examiner watches the quality of movement?
Which test involves the patient stepping down, first leading with the injured leg, as slowly and smoothly as possible while the examiner watches the quality of movement?
Which test assesses for chondromalacia patellae by percussing the patella in various positions of knee flexion?
Which test assesses for chondromalacia patellae by percussing the patella in various positions of knee flexion?
Which test assesses for lateral overpull of the quadriceps resulting in a patellofemoral arthralgia by watching the movement of the patella while the patient contracts the quadriceps?
Which test assesses for lateral overpull of the quadriceps resulting in a patellofemoral arthralgia by watching the movement of the patella while the patient contracts the quadriceps?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the McConnell Test for Chondromalacia Patellae?
Which ligament is primarily tested in the McConnell Test for Chondromalacia Patellae?
What does a positive test for lateral pull of the quadriceps indicate?
What does a positive test for lateral pull of the quadriceps indicate?
During the Lateral Hop test, the patient hops laterally one-half of their body height and is instructed to 'land as softly as possible' with the knee flexed and over the toes. How long should the patient balance on the 'hopped' leg?
During the Lateral Hop test, the patient hops laterally one-half of their body height and is instructed to 'land as softly as possible' with the knee flexed and over the toes. How long should the patient balance on the 'hopped' leg?
During the Transverse/Diagonal Hop test, the patient hops in a transverse plane one-half of their body height and is instructed to 'land as softly as possible' with the knee flexed and over the toes. How long should the patient balance on the 'hopped' leg?
During the Transverse/Diagonal Hop test, the patient hops in a transverse plane one-half of their body height and is instructed to 'land as softly as possible' with the knee flexed and over the toes. How long should the patient balance on the 'hopped' leg?
During the Lateral Band Walks test, the patient side steps a distance of 130% of their shoulder width while keeping the hips and knees flexed to 30°. How much expansion should be allowed in the elastic band tied around the ankles?
During the Lateral Band Walks test, the patient side steps a distance of 130% of their shoulder width while keeping the hips and knees flexed to 30°. How much expansion should be allowed in the elastic band tied around the ankles?
During Daniel's Quadriceps Neutral Angle Test, the patient lies supine and the unaffected leg is tested first. The patient's hip is flexed to 45° and the knee is flexed to 90° with the foot flat on the examining table. If tibial displacement is noted, knee flexion is decreased or increased. What is the angle at which there is no tibial displacement called?
During Daniel's Quadriceps Neutral Angle Test, the patient lies supine and the unaffected leg is tested first. The patient's hip is flexed to 45° and the knee is flexed to 90° with the foot flat on the examining table. If tibial displacement is noted, knee flexion is decreased or increased. What is the angle at which there is no tibial displacement called?
During Fairbank's Apprehension Test, the patient lies in the supine position with the quadriceps muscles relaxed and the knee flexed to 30°. What action by the patient indicates a positive test?
During Fairbank's Apprehension Test, the patient lies in the supine position with the quadriceps muscles relaxed and the knee flexed to 30°. What action by the patient indicates a positive test?
During the Functional Leg Length test, the patient stands in the normal relaxed stance. The examiner palpates the anterior superior iliac spines (ASISs) and then the posterior superior iliac spines (PSISs) and notes any differences. What position should the patient hold with the toes straight ahead and the knee straight?
During the Functional Leg Length test, the patient stands in the normal relaxed stance. The examiner palpates the anterior superior iliac spines (ASISs) and then the posterior superior iliac spines (PSISs) and notes any differences. What position should the patient hold with the toes straight ahead and the knee straight?
Which test is used to assess for minimal effusion in the knee by stroking the suprapatellar pouch and observing a wave of fluid passing to the medial side of the joint?
Which test is used to assess for minimal effusion in the knee by stroking the suprapatellar pouch and observing a wave of fluid passing to the medial side of the joint?
Which test involves pressing down on the suprapatellar pouch with one hand and watching the hollows on each side of the patella for a wave of fluid to pass, indicating the presence of swelling in the knee?
Which test involves pressing down on the suprapatellar pouch with one hand and watching the hollows on each side of the patella for a wave of fluid to pass, indicating the presence of swelling in the knee?
Which test is used to assess for patellofemoral dysfunction by applying a valgus stress to the knee while flexing the knee, with the subluxation of the knee reducing at between 25° and 45° of flexion if the test is positive?
Which test is used to assess for patellofemoral dysfunction by applying a valgus stress to the knee while flexing the knee, with the subluxation of the knee reducing at between 25° and 45° of flexion if the test is positive?
Which test involves the examiner placing the palm of one hand over the suprapatellar pouch and the palm of the other hand anterior to the joint, and feeling the synovial fluid fluctuate under the hands and move from one hand to the other, indicating significant effusion in the knee?
Which test involves the examiner placing the palm of one hand over the suprapatellar pouch and the palm of the other hand anterior to the joint, and feeling the synovial fluid fluctuate under the hands and move from one hand to the other, indicating significant effusion in the knee?
Which test is used to assess for patellofemoral dysfunction by pushing the patella medially and holding it there while flexing the patient's knee and medially rotating the tibia?
Which test is used to assess for patellofemoral dysfunction by pushing the patella medially and holding it there while flexing the patient's knee and medially rotating the tibia?
Which test involves applying a slight tap or pressure over the patella, with a floating of the patella being felt if the test is positive?
Which test involves applying a slight tap or pressure over the patella, with a floating of the patella being felt if the test is positive?
Which of the following is the resting position of the knee when there is swelling?
Which of the following is the resting position of the knee when there is swelling?
What is the term for swelling within the joint caused by blood?
What is the term for swelling within the joint caused by blood?
How quickly does blood swelling (hemarthrosis) come on?
How quickly does blood swelling (hemarthrosis) come on?
What is the primary function of the coronary ligaments in relation to the menisci?
What is the primary function of the coronary ligaments in relation to the menisci?
When does synovial fluid swelling caused by joint irritation occur?
When does synovial fluid swelling caused by joint irritation occur?
What is the term for the deformity where two or more fingers (4 cm [1.6 inches]) fit between the knees when the ankles are together?
What is the term for the deformity where two or more fingers (4 cm [1.6 inches]) fit between the knees when the ankles are together?
Which test is commonly used to assess for minimal effusion in the knee by stroking the suprapatellar pouch and observing for a wave of fluid?
Which test is commonly used to assess for minimal effusion in the knee by stroking the suprapatellar pouch and observing for a wave of fluid?
Which test involves the examiner placing one hand over the suprapatellar pouch and the other hand anterior to the joint, and feeling the synovial fluid fluctuate under the hands?
Which test involves the examiner placing one hand over the suprapatellar pouch and the other hand anterior to the joint, and feeling the synovial fluid fluctuate under the hands?
Which test is used to assess for swelling in the knee by observing for the disappearance of an indentation on the lateral side of the patellar tendon?
Which test is used to assess for swelling in the knee by observing for the disappearance of an indentation on the lateral side of the patellar tendon?
Which test involves applying a slight tap or pressure over the patella to feel for a floating sensation?
Which test involves applying a slight tap or pressure over the patella to feel for a floating sensation?
Which test is used to assess for swelling in the knee by palpating for fluid accumulation or a wave of fluid passing under the fingers?
Which test is used to assess for swelling in the knee by palpating for fluid accumulation or a wave of fluid passing under the fingers?
Which test is commonly used to assess for patellofemoral dysfunction by evaluating the patellar tilt and performing squatting test?
Which test is commonly used to assess for patellofemoral dysfunction by evaluating the patellar tilt and performing squatting test?
Which of the following tests is used to assess the coordination of the vastus medialis muscle in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS)?
Which of the following tests is used to assess the coordination of the vastus medialis muscle in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS)?
Which of the following tests is used to assess for a problem with the articulation between the articular surface of the patella and the articular surfaces of the femoral condyles?
Which of the following tests is used to assess for a problem with the articulation between the articular surface of the patella and the articular surfaces of the femoral condyles?
Which of the following tests is used to assess for lateral overpull of the quadriceps, resulting in patellofemoral arthralgia?
Which of the following tests is used to assess for lateral overpull of the quadriceps, resulting in patellofemoral arthralgia?
Which of the following tests is used to assess for chondromalacia patellae by performing isometric quadriceps contractions at different angles of knee flexion?
Which of the following tests is used to assess for chondromalacia patellae by performing isometric quadriceps contractions at different angles of knee flexion?
Which of the following tests is used to assess for a floating patella and detect a large amount of swelling in the knee?
Which of the following tests is used to assess for a floating patella and detect a large amount of swelling in the knee?
Which of the following tests is used to assess for minimal effusion in the knee joint by stroking the suprapatellar pouch and observing a wave of fluid passing to the medial side of the joint?
Which of the following tests is used to assess for minimal effusion in the knee joint by stroking the suprapatellar pouch and observing a wave of fluid passing to the medial side of the joint?
Which test is used to assess for patellofemoral syndrome by palpating for crepitus and discomfort severity and location?
Which test is used to assess for patellofemoral syndrome by palpating for crepitus and discomfort severity and location?
Which test involves the patient stepping up sideways onto a stool using the good leg to assess for patellofemoral arthralgia, weak quadriceps, or an inability to stabilize the pelvis?
Which test involves the patient stepping up sideways onto a stool using the good leg to assess for patellofemoral arthralgia, weak quadriceps, or an inability to stabilize the pelvis?
Which test assesses the coordination of the vastus medialis by asking the patient to slowly extend the knee without pressing into the examiner's fist or lifting the leg away from the fist?
Which test assesses the coordination of the vastus medialis by asking the patient to slowly extend the knee without pressing into the examiner's fist or lifting the leg away from the fist?
Which test assesses for patellofemoral syndrome by palpating the patella while the patient performs slow deep knee bends?
Which test assesses for patellofemoral syndrome by palpating the patella while the patient performs slow deep knee bends?
Which test assesses for chondromalacia patellae by pulling the patella distally and asking the patient to contract the quadriceps?
Which test assesses for chondromalacia patellae by pulling the patella distally and asking the patient to contract the quadriceps?
Which test involves the examiner passively moving the patient's knee between full extension and 100° flexion while palpating for crepitus and discomfort severity and location?
Which test involves the examiner passively moving the patient's knee between full extension and 100° flexion while palpating for crepitus and discomfort severity and location?
Which test involves the patient hopping laterally one-half of their body height, landing as softly as possible with the knee flexed and over the toes, and balancing on the 'hopped' leg for 3 seconds?
Which test involves the patient hopping laterally one-half of their body height, landing as softly as possible with the knee flexed and over the toes, and balancing on the 'hopped' leg for 3 seconds?
Which test involves the patient hopping in a transverse plane one-half of their body height, landing as softly as possible with the knee flexed and over the toes, and balancing on the 'hopped' leg for 3 seconds?
Which test involves the patient hopping in a transverse plane one-half of their body height, landing as softly as possible with the knee flexed and over the toes, and balancing on the 'hopped' leg for 3 seconds?
Which test involves the patient side stepping a distance of 130% of their shoulder width, assuming a single limb stance on the side-stepped foot while keeping the toes pointing straight ahead and the knee over the toes?
Which test involves the patient side stepping a distance of 130% of their shoulder width, assuming a single limb stance on the side-stepped foot while keeping the toes pointing straight ahead and the knee over the toes?
Which test is used to determine the quadriceps neutral angle, which is primarily used for machine testing of laxity?
Which test is used to determine the quadriceps neutral angle, which is primarily used for machine testing of laxity?
Which test is used to test for dislocation of the patella, where the examiner pushes the patella laterally and the patient contracts the quadriceps muscles to bring the patella back 'into line'?
Which test is used to test for dislocation of the patella, where the examiner pushes the patella laterally and the patient contracts the quadriceps muscles to bring the patella back 'into line'?
Which test is used to evaluate any differences in leg length caused by hip, knee, ankle, or foot problems?
Which test is used to evaluate any differences in leg length caused by hip, knee, ankle, or foot problems?
Which position is the patient in during the Functional Test for Quadriceps Contusion?
Which position is the patient in during the Functional Test for Quadriceps Contusion?
What is considered a mild contusion in the Functional Test for Quadriceps Contusion?
What is considered a mild contusion in the Functional Test for Quadriceps Contusion?
What is considered a moderate to severe contusion in the Functional Test for Quadriceps Contusion?
What is considered a moderate to severe contusion in the Functional Test for Quadriceps Contusion?
What is the normal heel-to-buttock distance in men during the Functional Test for Quadriceps Contusion?
What is the normal heel-to-buttock distance in men during the Functional Test for Quadriceps Contusion?
What is the normal heel-to-buttock distance in women during the Functional Test for Quadriceps Contusion?
What is the normal heel-to-buttock distance in women during the Functional Test for Quadriceps Contusion?
What muscles are tested for tightness in the Functional Test for Quadriceps Contusion?
What muscles are tested for tightness in the Functional Test for Quadriceps Contusion?
What position is the patient in during the Measurement of Leg Length test?
What position is the patient in during the Measurement of Leg Length test?
What is the normal difference in leg length between the two sides in the Measurement of Leg Length test?
What is the normal difference in leg length between the two sides in the Measurement of Leg Length test?
What is the maximum difference in leg length considered normal in the Measurement of Leg Length test?
What is the maximum difference in leg length considered normal in the Measurement of Leg Length test?
What symptoms may result from even a 1.0 to 1.5 cm difference in leg length in the Measurement of Leg Length test?
What symptoms may result from even a 1.0 to 1.5 cm difference in leg length in the Measurement of Leg Length test?
Which angle is considered abnormal if it is less than 13°?
Which angle is considered abnormal if it is less than 13°?
When should the Q-angle be measured as 0°?
When should the Q-angle be measured as 0°?
What is the Q-angle for males and females when the knee is straight?
What is the Q-angle for males and females when the knee is straight?
What is the normal range for the Q-angle when measured with the quadriceps contracted and the knee fully extended?
What is the normal range for the Q-angle when measured with the quadriceps contracted and the knee fully extended?
What is the Tubercle Sulcus Angle used to measure?
What is the Tubercle Sulcus Angle used to measure?
What is the A-angle used to measure?
What is the A-angle used to measure?
What does a positive Wilson Test indicate?
What does a positive Wilson Test indicate?
Which test is used to assess for joint contracture and tight hamstrings?
Which test is used to assess for joint contracture and tight hamstrings?
What does an angle greater than 10° from the perpendicular indicate in the Tubercle Sulcus Angle measurement?
What does an angle greater than 10° from the perpendicular indicate in the Tubercle Sulcus Angle measurement?
What is the primary role of the gracilis and adductor muscles in knee stability?
What is the primary role of the gracilis and adductor muscles in knee stability?
Which measurement point is commonly used by examiners to measure muscle bulk or swelling in the leg?
Which measurement point is commonly used by examiners to measure muscle bulk or swelling in the leg?
What is the purpose of the Moving Patellar Apprehension Test (MPAT)?
What is the purpose of the Moving Patellar Apprehension Test (MPAT)?
What does a positive Noble Compression Test indicate?
What does a positive Noble Compression Test indicate?
What is the Q-angle?
What is the Q-angle?
What position should the lower limbs be in when measuring the Q-angle?
What position should the lower limbs be in when measuring the Q-angle?
Which ligament is commonly involved in injuries that cause posterior sag?
Which ligament is commonly involved in injuries that cause posterior sag?
What is the purpose of the MacIntosh test?
What is the purpose of the MacIntosh test?
What type of pain is usually associated with degenerative changes?
What type of pain is usually associated with degenerative changes?
What may cause grating or clicking in the knee during movement?
What may cause grating or clicking in the knee during movement?
Which position of the knee joint allows the synovial cavity to have the maximum capacity for holding fluid?
Which position of the knee joint allows the synovial cavity to have the maximum capacity for holding fluid?
Which position should the patient be in for the functional test for quadriceps contusion?
Which position should the patient be in for the functional test for quadriceps contusion?
What is considered a mild contusion during the functional test for quadriceps contusion?
What is considered a mild contusion during the functional test for quadriceps contusion?
What is considered a moderate to severe contusion during the functional test for quadriceps contusion?
What is considered a moderate to severe contusion during the functional test for quadriceps contusion?
What is the normal heel-to-buttock distance in men during the functional test for quadriceps contusion?
What is the normal heel-to-buttock distance in men during the functional test for quadriceps contusion?
What is the normal heel-to-buttock distance in women during the functional test for quadriceps contusion?
What is the normal heel-to-buttock distance in women during the functional test for quadriceps contusion?
What muscles are tested for tightness during the functional test for quadriceps contusion?
What muscles are tested for tightness during the functional test for quadriceps contusion?
What position should the patient be in for the measurement of leg length?
What position should the patient be in for the measurement of leg length?
What is considered a normal difference in leg length between the two sides?
What is considered a normal difference in leg length between the two sides?
What symptoms may result from even a small difference in leg length?
What symptoms may result from even a small difference in leg length?
What is the recommended range of dorsiflexion in the ankle during the examination?
What is the recommended range of dorsiflexion in the ankle during the examination?
Which angle is considered abnormal if it is greater than 18°?
Which angle is considered abnormal if it is greater than 18°?
Which angle is used to measure the angle of quadriceps pull?
Which angle is used to measure the angle of quadriceps pull?
Which angle measures the relation of the patella to the tibial tubercle?
Which angle measures the relation of the patella to the tibial tubercle?
Which test is used to assess for OCD of the femoral condyle?
Which test is used to assess for OCD of the femoral condyle?
Which test is performed with the patient lying prone and the knee flexed to 90°?
Which test is performed with the patient lying prone and the knee flexed to 90°?
Which test is used to check for joint contracture and possibly tight hamstrings?
Which test is used to check for joint contracture and possibly tight hamstrings?
Which test is used to measure the Q-angle at 90°?
Which test is used to measure the Q-angle at 90°?
Which measurement is not as commonly used as the Q-angle?
Which measurement is not as commonly used as the Q-angle?
Which test is used to try to sublux the fibular head anteriorly?
Which test is used to try to sublux the fibular head anteriorly?
Which angle is considered abnormal if it is greater than 10°?
Which angle is considered abnormal if it is greater than 10°?
Which of the following measurements can help determine the site of occurrence for coxa vara?
Which of the following measurements can help determine the site of occurrence for coxa vara?
Which of the following measurements can help determine femoral shaft length?
Which of the following measurements can help determine femoral shaft length?
Which of the following measurements can help determine tibial length?
Which of the following measurements can help determine tibial length?
Which of the following measurements is useful for swelling and noting atrophy, but not correlated with muscle strength, power, or function?
Which of the following measurements is useful for swelling and noting atrophy, but not correlated with muscle strength, power, or function?
According to Hughston, which point is more constant and should be used as the beginning point of measurement for muscle bulk or swelling?
According to Hughston, which point is more constant and should be used as the beginning point of measurement for muscle bulk or swelling?
Which test is used to assess lateral patellar instability by translating the patella laterally and observing for patient apprehension or quadriceps contraction?
Which test is used to assess lateral patellar instability by translating the patella laterally and observing for patient apprehension or quadriceps contraction?
Which test is used to assess for iliotibial band friction syndrome by applying pressure to the lateral femoral epicondyle and passively extending the knee?
Which test is used to assess for iliotibial band friction syndrome by applying pressure to the lateral femoral epicondyle and passively extending the knee?
What is the Q-angle defined as?
What is the Q-angle defined as?
Which position is recommended for obtaining the Q-angle measurement?
Which position is recommended for obtaining the Q-angle measurement?
What is the purpose of ensuring a neutral foot and hip position when measuring the Q-angle?
What is the purpose of ensuring a neutral foot and hip position when measuring the Q-angle?
What is the significance of a positive finding on the Noble Compression Test?
What is the significance of a positive finding on the Noble Compression Test?
Which structure lies behind the infrapatellar tendon and can be palpated for tenderness?
Which structure lies behind the infrapatellar tendon and can be palpated for tenderness?
What is the purpose of the test that involves drawing the fibula forward on the tibia?
What is the purpose of the test that involves drawing the fibula forward on the tibia?
When palpating the patella, where is the apex of the patella located?
When palpating the patella, where is the apex of the patella located?
What is the synovial membrane of the suprapatellar pouch continuous with?
What is the synovial membrane of the suprapatellar pouch continuous with?
What may indicate pathology when palpating the suprapatellar pouch?
What may indicate pathology when palpating the suprapatellar pouch?
What is the purpose of pushing down on the lateral aspect of the patella during palpation?
What is the purpose of pushing down on the lateral aspect of the patella during palpation?
Which reflexes should be checked for differences between the two sides when examining the knee?
Which reflexes should be checked for differences between the two sides when examining the knee?
What should be used to map out any differences in sensation during a scanning examination of the knee?
What should be used to map out any differences in sensation during a scanning examination of the knee?
What is the term for a hyperaesthetic area the size of a quarter on the medial side of the knee caused by a lesion of the medial meniscus?
What is the term for a hyperaesthetic area the size of a quarter on the medial side of the knee caused by a lesion of the medial meniscus?
What are the primary causes of peripheral nerve injuries about the knee?
What are the primary causes of peripheral nerve injuries about the knee?
Which nerve is commonly involved in peripheral nerve injuries about the knee?
Which nerve is commonly involved in peripheral nerve injuries about the knee?
What are the potential sources of referred pain to the knee?
What are the potential sources of referred pain to the knee?
Which nerve is vulnerable to injury in the posterolateral knee and as it winds around the head of the fibula?
Which nerve is vulnerable to injury in the posterolateral knee and as it winds around the head of the fibula?
What is the result of weakness or paralysis of muscles supplied by the deep and superficial peroneal nerves?
What is the result of weakness or paralysis of muscles supplied by the deep and superficial peroneal nerves?
Which nerve is a sensory branch of the femoral nerve that arises near the inguinal ligament and passes down the leg to supply the skin on the medial side of the knee and calf?
Which nerve is a sensory branch of the femoral nerve that arises near the inguinal ligament and passes down the leg to supply the skin on the medial side of the knee and calf?
What may lead to medial knee pain aggravated by walking, standing, and quadriceps exercises?
What may lead to medial knee pain aggravated by walking, standing, and quadriceps exercises?
During the backward movement of the tibia on the femur, what is the normal end feel of the movement?
During the backward movement of the tibia on the femur, what is the normal end feel of the movement?
Which ligament may be injured if the tibial plateau bulges laterally during a test with the knee flexed to 90° and the foot on the examining table?
Which ligament may be injured if the tibial plateau bulges laterally during a test with the knee flexed to 90° and the foot on the examining table?
Which muscle should the examiner attempt to palpate in the posterolateral aspect of the knee joint?
Which muscle should the examiner attempt to palpate in the posterolateral aspect of the knee joint?
What is sometimes found inserted in the tendon of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle in the posterolateral aspect of the knee?
What is sometimes found inserted in the tendon of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle in the posterolateral aspect of the knee?
What is the term used to describe the posterolateral corner of the knee?
What is the term used to describe the posterolateral corner of the knee?
Which ligament should the examiner attempt to palpate in the posteromedial aspect of the knee joint?
Which ligament should the examiner attempt to palpate in the posteromedial aspect of the knee joint?
What is sometimes referred to as a loose body in the posterolateral aspect of the knee by an unwary examiner?
What is sometimes referred to as a loose body in the posterolateral aspect of the knee by an unwary examiner?
Which soft tissue should be palpated for tenderness or swelling in the posterior aspect of the knee?
Which soft tissue should be palpated for tenderness or swelling in the posterior aspect of the knee?
What is the purpose of palpating the quadriceps muscles during a knee examination?
What is the purpose of palpating the quadriceps muscles during a knee examination?
What is the purpose of palpating the medial collateral ligament during a knee examination?
What is the purpose of palpating the medial collateral ligament during a knee examination?
What is the purpose of palpating the pes anserinus during a knee examination?
What is the purpose of palpating the pes anserinus during a knee examination?
What is the purpose of palpating the iliotibial band during a knee examination?
What is the purpose of palpating the iliotibial band during a knee examination?
What is the purpose of palpating the joint line and meniscus during a knee examination?
What is the purpose of palpating the joint line and meniscus during a knee examination?
What is the purpose of palpating the tibiofemoral joint line, tibial plateau, femoral condyles, and adductor muscles during a knee examination?
What is the purpose of palpating the tibiofemoral joint line, tibial plateau, femoral condyles, and adductor muscles during a knee examination?
Which reflexes should be checked for differences between the two sides when examining the knee?
Which reflexes should be checked for differences between the two sides when examining the knee?
What should be performed to test for altered sensation in the thigh, knee, and leg?
What should be performed to test for altered sensation in the thigh, knee, and leg?
What is the term for a hyperaesthetic area the size of a quarter on the medial side of the knee caused by a lesion of the medial meniscus?
What is the term for a hyperaesthetic area the size of a quarter on the medial side of the knee caused by a lesion of the medial meniscus?
What is the primary cause of peripheral nerve injuries about the knee?
What is the primary cause of peripheral nerve injuries about the knee?
Which nerve is commonly injured in peripheral nerve injuries about the knee?
Which nerve is commonly injured in peripheral nerve injuries about the knee?
What structures may have been injured if a positive finding is observed on the Posterior Sag Sign (Gravity Drawer Test)?
What structures may have been injured if a positive finding is observed on the Posterior Sag Sign (Gravity Drawer Test)?
Which muscle can be palpated for tenderness, defects, atonia, or hard masses in the knee examination?
Which muscle can be palpated for tenderness, defects, atonia, or hard masses in the knee examination?
Which ligament should be palpated along its entire length for tenderness or other pathology in the knee examination?
Which ligament should be palpated along its entire length for tenderness or other pathology in the knee examination?
What structure can be palpated for tenderness and swelling, indicating conditions like bursitis or tendinitis?
What structure can be palpated for tenderness and swelling, indicating conditions like bursitis or tendinitis?
Which structure can be palpated along its entire length, including its attachment at the Gerdy's tubercle, in the knee examination?
Which structure can be palpated along its entire length, including its attachment at the Gerdy's tubercle, in the knee examination?
At what degree of knee flexion should the joint line and meniscus be palpated for tenderness in the knee examination?
At what degree of knee flexion should the joint line and meniscus be palpated for tenderness in the knee examination?
Which condyle of the femur extends farther anteriorly (higher) than the other in the knee examination?
Which condyle of the femur extends farther anteriorly (higher) than the other in the knee examination?
What is the term for the soft tissue on the posterior aspect of the knee that should be palpated for tenderness or swelling?
What is the term for the soft tissue on the posterior aspect of the knee that should be palpated for tenderness or swelling?
Which area of the knee is sometimes referred to as the popliteus corner?
Which area of the knee is sometimes referred to as the popliteus corner?
Which muscle is sometimes found with a sesamoid bone inserted in its tendon in the posterolateral aspect of the knee?
Which muscle is sometimes found with a sesamoid bone inserted in its tendon in the posterolateral aspect of the knee?
Which ligament should be palpated in the posteromedial corner of the knee joint?
Which ligament should be palpated in the posteromedial corner of the knee joint?
Which muscle group's tendons and muscle bellies should be palpated for tenderness, swelling, or other signs of pathology after examining the posterior aspect of the knee?
Which muscle group's tendons and muscle bellies should be palpated for tenderness, swelling, or other signs of pathology after examining the posterior aspect of the knee?
What is the term for the bone sometimes found inserted in the tendon of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle in the posterolateral aspect of the knee?
What is the term for the bone sometimes found inserted in the tendon of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle in the posterolateral aspect of the knee?
Which nerve is vulnerable to injury in the posterolateral knee and as it winds around the head of the fibula?
Which nerve is vulnerable to injury in the posterolateral knee and as it winds around the head of the fibula?
What is the result of weakness or paralysis of muscles supplied by the deep and superficial peroneal nerves?
What is the result of weakness or paralysis of muscles supplied by the deep and superficial peroneal nerves?
Which nerve is a sensory branch of the femoral nerve that arises near the inguinal ligament and passes down the leg to supply the skin on the medial side of the knee and calf?
Which nerve is a sensory branch of the femoral nerve that arises near the inguinal ligament and passes down the leg to supply the skin on the medial side of the knee and calf?
What may lead to medial knee pain (burning) that is aggravated by walking, standing, and quadriceps exercises?
What may lead to medial knee pain (burning) that is aggravated by walking, standing, and quadriceps exercises?
Which ligament may be injured if the tibial plateau bulges laterally during a test with the knee flexed to 90° and the foot on the examining table?
Which ligament may be injured if the tibial plateau bulges laterally during a test with the knee flexed to 90° and the foot on the examining table?
What is the normal end feel of medial and lateral translation of the tibia on the femur?
What is the normal end feel of medial and lateral translation of the tibia on the femur?
During the examination of the knee, the examiner can palpate the skin lying over the patella for pathology. What condition is commonly referred to as 'housemaid's knee'?
During the examination of the knee, the examiner can palpate the skin lying over the patella for pathology. What condition is commonly referred to as 'housemaid's knee'?
What is the purpose of the examiner pushing down on the lateral aspect of the patella during palpation?
What is the purpose of the examiner pushing down on the lateral aspect of the patella during palpation?
What is the main concern when performing the test for anteroposterior movement of the head of the fibula on the tibia?
What is the main concern when performing the test for anteroposterior movement of the head of the fibula on the tibia?
What is the recommended position of the patient during the test for anteroposterior movement of the head of the fibula on the tibia?
What is the recommended position of the patient during the test for anteroposterior movement of the head of the fibula on the tibia?
What should be done to confirm the presence of a mediopatellar plica during palpation of the patella?
What should be done to confirm the presence of a mediopatellar plica during palpation of the patella?
What is the purpose of palpating the suprapatellar pouch during a knee examination?
What is the purpose of palpating the suprapatellar pouch during a knee examination?
Which reflexes should be checked for differences between the two sides when examining the knee?
Which reflexes should be checked for differences between the two sides when examining the knee?
What is the term used to describe a hyperaesthetic area the size of a quarter on the medial side of the knee?
What is the term used to describe a hyperaesthetic area the size of a quarter on the medial side of the knee?
What is the primary cause of peripheral nerve injuries about the knee?
What is the primary cause of peripheral nerve injuries about the knee?
What is the term used to describe pain that is localized to the knee but may also be referred to the hip or ankle?
What is the term used to describe pain that is localized to the knee but may also be referred to the hip or ankle?
What should be used to perform a sensation scanning examination to test for altered sensation?
What should be used to perform a sensation scanning examination to test for altered sensation?
Which nerve roots should the examiner keep in mind when considering the dermatome patterns around the knee joint?
Which nerve roots should the examiner keep in mind when considering the dermatome patterns around the knee joint?
Which nerve is vulnerable to injury in the posterolateral knee and as it winds around the head of the fibula?
Which nerve is vulnerable to injury in the posterolateral knee and as it winds around the head of the fibula?
Which muscle is responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot?
Which muscle is responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot?
Which nerve supplies the skin on the medial side of the knee and calf?
Which nerve supplies the skin on the medial side of the knee and calf?
Which ligament may be injured if the tibia moves away from the femur when a varus stress is applied to the knee in flexion?
Which ligament may be injured if the tibia moves away from the femur when a varus stress is applied to the knee in flexion?
What is the primary purpose of the Noyes Flexion-Rotation Drawer Test?
What is the primary purpose of the Noyes Flexion-Rotation Drawer Test?
What is the normal end feel of the backward and forward movements of the tibia on the femur?
What is the normal end feel of the backward and forward movements of the tibia on the femur?
During the Anteroposterior Movement of the Head of the Fibula on the Tibia test, the patient is supine with the knee flexed to what angle?
During the Anteroposterior Movement of the Head of the Fibula on the Tibia test, the patient is supine with the knee flexed to what angle?
When performing the Anterior Palpation with Knee Extended, which structure is palpated for enlargement, indicating possible Osgood-Schlatter disease?
When performing the Anterior Palpation with Knee Extended, which structure is palpated for enlargement, indicating possible Osgood-Schlatter disease?
During palpation, the examiner looks for abnormal tenderness, swelling, nodules, or abnormal temperature. Which position is best for palpating meniscal cysts?
During palpation, the examiner looks for abnormal tenderness, swelling, nodules, or abnormal temperature. Which position is best for palpating meniscal cysts?
During the Suprapatellar Pouch palpation, what can the examiner feel between the thumb and fingers if there is no pathology?
During the Suprapatellar Pouch palpation, what can the examiner feel between the thumb and fingers if there is no pathology?
What should the examiner carefully feel for when palpating the medial edge of the patella?
What should the examiner carefully feel for when palpating the medial edge of the patella?
During the Patellar Bowstring Test, what condition is the test used to assess for?
During the Patellar Bowstring Test, what condition is the test used to assess for?
Which structure should be palpated in the posterolateral aspect of the knee joint?
Which structure should be palpated in the posterolateral aspect of the knee joint?
What bone may be mistaken for a loose body in the posterolateral aspect of the knee?
What bone may be mistaken for a loose body in the posterolateral aspect of the knee?
Which corner of the knee joint is sometimes referred to as the semimembranosus corner?
Which corner of the knee joint is sometimes referred to as the semimembranosus corner?
Which muscles should be palpated after the posterior aspect of the knee has been palpated?
Which muscles should be palpated after the posterior aspect of the knee has been palpated?
What may a lateral glide of three quadrants suggest?
What may a lateral glide of three quadrants suggest?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting varus stress (lateral opening) of the knee joint?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting varus stress (lateral opening) of the knee joint?
Which muscle is palpated for tenderness, defects, atonia, or hard masses in the knee examination?
Which muscle is palpated for tenderness, defects, atonia, or hard masses in the knee examination?
Which ligament should be palpated along its entire length for tenderness or other pathology during the knee examination?
Which ligament should be palpated along its entire length for tenderness or other pathology during the knee examination?
Which structure can be palpated slightly distal to the tibial tuberosity for tenderness, indicating possible bursitis or tendinitis?
Which structure can be palpated slightly distal to the tibial tuberosity for tenderness, indicating possible bursitis or tendinitis?
Which structure is palpated along its entire length distally to its attachment at the Gerdy’s tubercle on the lateral side of the tibial plateau during the knee examination?
Which structure is palpated along its entire length distally to its attachment at the Gerdy’s tubercle on the lateral side of the tibial plateau during the knee examination?
Which part of the meniscus is easier to palpate when the tibia is medially rotated during the knee examination?
Which part of the meniscus is easier to palpate when the tibia is medially rotated during the knee examination?
Which structure is palpated for tenderness or other signs of pathology after palpating the adductor tubercle during the knee examination?
Which structure is palpated for tenderness or other signs of pathology after palpating the adductor tubercle during the knee examination?
Which nerve may be stretched as a result of pulling on the peroneus longus muscle in a lateral ankle sprain?
Which nerve may be stretched as a result of pulling on the peroneus longus muscle in a lateral ankle sprain?
What is the result of weakness or paralysis of muscles supplied by the deep and superficial peroneal nerves?
What is the result of weakness or paralysis of muscles supplied by the deep and superficial peroneal nerves?
Which nerve is a sensory branch of the femoral nerve that arises near the inguinal ligament and passes down the leg to supply the skin on the medial side of the knee and calf?
Which nerve is a sensory branch of the femoral nerve that arises near the inguinal ligament and passes down the leg to supply the skin on the medial side of the knee and calf?
What may lead to medial knee pain that is aggravated by walking, standing, and quadriceps exercises?
What may lead to medial knee pain that is aggravated by walking, standing, and quadriceps exercises?
What is the end feel of the backward and forward movements of the tibia on the femur during joint play?
What is the end feel of the backward and forward movements of the tibia on the femur during joint play?
What ligament may be injured if excessive medial translation of the tibia on the femur is observed?
What ligament may be injured if excessive medial translation of the tibia on the femur is observed?
Which reflexes should be checked for differences between the two sides when examining the knee?
Which reflexes should be checked for differences between the two sides when examining the knee?
What is the result of weakness or paralysis of muscles supplied by the deep and superficial peroneal nerves?
What is the result of weakness or paralysis of muscles supplied by the deep and superficial peroneal nerves?
What is the normal range of passive medial rotation of the tibia on the femur at 90° of knee flexion in non-weight bearing?
What is the normal range of passive medial rotation of the tibia on the femur at 90° of knee flexion in non-weight bearing?
Which structures may have been injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed on the Slocum Test with the foot in 15° of lateral rotation?
Which structures may have been injured to some degree if a positive finding is observed on the Slocum Test with the foot in 15° of lateral rotation?
Which test is used to assess for minimal effusion in the knee by stroking the suprapatellar pouch and observing a wave of fluid passing to the medial side of the joint?
Which test is used to assess for minimal effusion in the knee by stroking the suprapatellar pouch and observing a wave of fluid passing to the medial side of the joint?
Which muscle's tightness can prevent full excursion of the patella in the trochlea, especially if the hip is extended?
Which muscle's tightness can prevent full excursion of the patella in the trochlea, especially if the hip is extended?
Which muscle is palpated along its entire length distally to its attachment at the Gerdy’s tubercle on the lateral side of the tibial plateau?
Which muscle is palpated along its entire length distally to its attachment at the Gerdy’s tubercle on the lateral side of the tibial plateau?
What is the primary function of the iliotibial band in relation to the knee joint?
What is the primary function of the iliotibial band in relation to the knee joint?
Which ligament should be palpated along its entire length for tenderness or other pathology, such as Pellegrini-Stieda syndrome?
Which ligament should be palpated along its entire length for tenderness or other pathology, such as Pellegrini-Stieda syndrome?
What is the recommended starting position for the knee during the abduction (valgus stress) test for one-plane medial instability?
What is the recommended starting position for the knee during the abduction (valgus stress) test for one-plane medial instability?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for restraining anterior subluxation of the lateral tibial plateau and tibial medial rotation?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for restraining anterior subluxation of the lateral tibial plateau and tibial medial rotation?
What is the primary cause of patellofemoral pathology or anteromedial joint pain?
What is the primary cause of patellofemoral pathology or anteromedial joint pain?
Which area should the examiner attempt to palpate in order to assess the posterolateral corner of the knee joint?
Which area should the examiner attempt to palpate in order to assess the posterolateral corner of the knee joint?
What is sometimes found inserted in the tendon of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle in the posterolateral aspect of the knee?
What is sometimes found inserted in the tendon of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle in the posterolateral aspect of the knee?
Which ligament should the examiner attempt to palpate in the posteromedial corner of the knee joint?
Which ligament should the examiner attempt to palpate in the posteromedial corner of the knee joint?
Which muscle group should be palpated for tenderness, swelling, or other signs of pathology after palpating the various parts of the posterior aspect of the knee?
Which muscle group should be palpated for tenderness, swelling, or other signs of pathology after palpating the various parts of the posterior aspect of the knee?
What should the examiner attempt to palpate in the area of the posterolateral aspect of the knee joint?
What should the examiner attempt to palpate in the area of the posterolateral aspect of the knee joint?
What should the examiner attempt to palpate in the area of the posteromedial aspect of the knee joint?
What should the examiner attempt to palpate in the area of the posteromedial aspect of the knee joint?
Which structure should the examiner palpate to assess the presence of a mediopatellar plica?
Which structure should the examiner palpate to assess the presence of a mediopatellar plica?
What is the purpose of applying a caudal force to the base of the patella during examination?
What is the purpose of applying a caudal force to the base of the patella during examination?
Which nerve should the examiner be cautious of compressing during the anteroposterior movement test of the head of the fibula on the tibia?
Which nerve should the examiner be cautious of compressing during the anteroposterior movement test of the head of the fibula on the tibia?
At what angle should the knee be flexed during palpation to best assess meniscal cysts?
At what angle should the knee be flexed during palpation to best assess meniscal cysts?
What should the examiner observe when palpating the patella for tenderness?
What should the examiner observe when palpating the patella for tenderness?
What is the normal movement pattern of the fibula during the anteroposterior movement test on the tibia?
What is the normal movement pattern of the fibula during the anteroposterior movement test on the tibia?
Which structure is palpated for tenderness during anterior palpation with the knee extended?
Which structure is palpated for tenderness during anterior palpation with the knee extended?
What is the primary cause of pain during the Anteroposterior Movement of the Head of the Fibula on the Tibia test?
What is the primary cause of pain during the Anteroposterior Movement of the Head of the Fibula on the Tibia test?
What is the purpose of the caudal force applied during the examination of the patella?
What is the purpose of the caudal force applied during the examination of the patella?
Which structure is palpated for enlargement during anterior palpation with the knee extended?
Which structure is palpated for enlargement during anterior palpation with the knee extended?
What is the purpose of palpating the suprapatellar pouch?
What is the purpose of palpating the suprapatellar pouch?
Which position is the patient in during the examination of the Anteroposterior Movement of the Head of the Fibula on the Tibia?
Which position is the patient in during the examination of the Anteroposterior Movement of the Head of the Fibula on the Tibia?
