COPY: Chapter 21 pharm
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Questions and Answers

What is the main effect of cholinergic drugs?

  • Block the parasympathetic nervous system
  • Cause increased heart rate
  • Stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system (correct)
  • Decrease muscle rigidity

    • What is a potential adverse effect of anticholinergic drugs?

  • Decreased sweating (correct)
  • Increased urinary output
  • Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
  • Constriction of the internal sphincter

    • When should patients taking anticholinergic drugs contact their doctor?

  • If they experience increased pooping
  • If they have dilated pupils
  • If they feel drowsy
  • If they have muscle cramps (correct)

    • What is the antidote to anticholinergic drugs?

    <p>Physostigmine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do anticholinergic drugs have on heart rate?

    <p>They can increase heart rate with large doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition would be a contraindication for taking anticholinergic drugs?

    <p>Urinary retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence of giving anticholinergic drugs to patients with glaucoma?

    <p>Increased pupil dilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of atropine among anticholinergic drugs?

    <p>It is used for bradycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of anticholinergic drugs?

    <p>Decrease in urine output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which condition is the anticholinergic medication Dicyclomine/Bentyl commonly used?

    <p>IBS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the antidote for atropine, an anticholinergic drug?

    <p>Physostigmine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse effect of anticholinergic drugs?

    <p>Hallucinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of anticholinergic drugs?

    <p>Blocking the action of acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is commonly used for overactive bladder among anticholinergic drugs?

    <p>Oxybutynin/Ditropan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what condition would anticholinergic drugs be given in the hospital before surgery?

    <p>To avoid aspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Glycopyrrolate/Robinul, an anticholinergic drug?

    <p>Controlling production of secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can be treated using Scopolamine, an anticholinergic medication?

    <p>Motion sickness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do anticholinergic drugs affect the parasympathetic nervous system?

    <p>They block it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential risk for patients taking anticholinergic drugs?

    <p>Higher risk for heat stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of anticholinergic drugs on the internal sphincter?

    <p>Increased constriction causing urinary retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions can be treated using anticholinergic medications?

    <p>Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential use of anticholinergic drugs?

    <p>For patients with COPD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential condition for which anticholinergic drugs might not be suitable?

    <p>Glaucoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anti-Cholinergic drugs dry you out.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Before an operation, what anticholinergic drug would you see given to a patient?

    <p>Glycopyrrolate/Robinul</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cholinergic and Anticholinergic Drugs Overview

    • Cholinergic drugs primarily enhance the actions of acetylcholine, impacting various body systems.
    • Anticholinergic drugs inhibit acetylcholine's effects to reduce bodily secretions and muscle contractions.

    Adverse Effects

    • A potential adverse effect of anticholinergic drugs includes dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, and urinary retention.
    • Patients taking anticholinergic drugs should contact their doctor if experiencing severe side effects like confusion, hallucinations, or signs of an allergic reaction.

    Antidotes and Interactions

    • The antidote for anticholinergic drug toxicity is typically Physostigmine.
    • Atropine, a common anticholinergic, is used to treat bradycardia and to reduce salivary and bronchial secretions during surgery.
    • Glycopyrrolate/Robinul is administered preoperatively to decrease secretions.

    Effects on Body Systems

    • Anticholinergic drugs increase heart rate by blocking the vagus nerve’s influence on the heart.
    • They can worsen conditions such as glaucoma due to increased intraocular pressure.

    Contraindications and Conditions Treated

    • Contraindications for anticholinergic drugs include glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, and certain urinary retention issues.
    • Anticholinergic medications, including Dicyclomine/Bentyl, are used for functional bowel syndrome and related gastrointestinal issues.
    • Scopolamine is often used to prevent motion sickness.

    Risks and Considerations

    • A potential risk for patients on anticholinergic drugs includes increased risk of dementia with long-term use.
    • Anticholinergic drugs may lead to urinary retention by causing contraction of the internal sphincter.

    Therapeutic Uses

    • Anticholinergics are useful for treating conditions such as overactive bladder, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and preoperative sedation.
    • They dry out secretions and are frequently used in surgical settings to facilitate procedures.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of cholinergic and anticholinergic drugs with this quiz. Explore the effects of these drugs on the parasympathetic nervous system and their impact on bodily functions.

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