Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are cholinergic agonists also known as?
What are cholinergic agonists also known as?
- Parasympathomimetics or muscarinic agonists (correct)
- Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
- Ganglionic stimulants
- Adrenergic agonists
How can the effects of cholinergic agonists be achieved?
How can the effects of cholinergic agonists be achieved?
- Only by preventing the breakdown of ACh by acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
- By either direct agonist effect or by preventing the breakdown of ACh by AChE (correct)
- Only by direct agonist effect
- By both direct agonist effect and by preventing the breakdown of ACh by AChE
What is the main difference between the desired drug action and the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of cholinergic agonists?
What is the main difference between the desired drug action and the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of cholinergic agonists?
- There is no difference between the desired drug action and ADRs
- The desired drug action and ADRs are the same across all organs
- The desired drug action targets a specific organ, while the ADRs affect other organs (correct)
- The desired drug action and ADRs are organ-specific
Which category of cholinergic agonists includes nicotine as the prototypical drug?
Which category of cholinergic agonists includes nicotine as the prototypical drug?
Where are muscarinic receptors located?
Where are muscarinic receptors located?
How do muscarinic agonists modify organ function?
How do muscarinic agonists modify organ function?
Which of the following is a characteristic of bethanechol?
Which of the following is a characteristic of bethanechol?
Which of the following is a reason bethanechol is contraindicated in patients with peptic ulcer disease?
Which of the following is a reason bethanechol is contraindicated in patients with peptic ulcer disease?
Which of the following is a characteristic of ACh (Miochol)?
Which of the following is a characteristic of ACh (Miochol)?
Which of the following is a use of pilocarpine?
Which of the following is a use of pilocarpine?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the pharmacokinetics of bethanechol?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the pharmacokinetics of bethanechol?
Which of the following is a reason bethanechol is contraindicated in patients with urinary tract obstruction?
Which of the following is a reason bethanechol is contraindicated in patients with urinary tract obstruction?
Which of the following is a characteristic of carbachol?
Which of the following is a characteristic of carbachol?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the pharmacokinetics of bethanechol?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the pharmacokinetics of bethanechol?
Which of the following is a reason bethanechol is contraindicated in patients with bronchospastic disorders?
Which of the following is a reason bethanechol is contraindicated in patients with bronchospastic disorders?
Which of the following is a characteristic of methacholine (Provocholine)?
Which of the following is a characteristic of methacholine (Provocholine)?
What is the primary contraindication for bethanechol?
What is the primary contraindication for bethanechol?
How does bethanechol affect heart rate and blood pressure in patients with hyperthyroidism?
How does bethanechol affect heart rate and blood pressure in patients with hyperthyroidism?
What is the recommended route of administration for atropine as an antidote for bethanechol toxicity?
What is the recommended route of administration for atropine as an antidote for bethanechol toxicity?
Which of the following drugs should not be taken concurrently with bethanechol?
Which of the following drugs should not be taken concurrently with bethanechol?
What is the recommended initial oral dose of bethanechol for urinary retention?
What is the recommended initial oral dose of bethanechol for urinary retention?
What is the recommended initial subcutaneous dose of bethanechol for urinary retention?
What is the recommended initial subcutaneous dose of bethanechol for urinary retention?
How should the patient take bethanechol to avoid nausea and vomiting?
How should the patient take bethanechol to avoid nausea and vomiting?
What is the maximum single dose of atropine recommended for children under 12 years old for bethanechol toxicity?
What is the maximum single dose of atropine recommended for children under 12 years old for bethanechol toxicity?
What adverse reactions may occur with bethanechol administration?
What adverse reactions may occur with bethanechol administration?
What is the primary use of bethanechol in primary care?
What is the primary use of bethanechol in primary care?
What percentage of the population has a genetic variation that leads to reduced levels of activity of CYP 2D6?
What percentage of the population has a genetic variation that leads to reduced levels of activity of CYP 2D6?
What percentage of the dose of galantamine is excreted unchanged in the urine?
What percentage of the dose of galantamine is excreted unchanged in the urine?
What is the total renal elimination percentage for galantamine?
What is the total renal elimination percentage for galantamine?
What is the recommended maximum daily dose of galantamine for patients with moderate hepatic impairment or moderate renal impairment?
What is the recommended maximum daily dose of galantamine for patients with moderate hepatic impairment or moderate renal impairment?
What is the mechanism of metabolism for rivastigmine?
What is the mechanism of metabolism for rivastigmine?
How does moderate renal impairment affect the clearance of rivastigmine?
How does moderate renal impairment affect the clearance of rivastigmine?
What is the primary route of elimination for memantine?
What is the primary route of elimination for memantine?
What is the Pregnancy Category for donepezil?
What is the Pregnancy Category for donepezil?
What is the Pregnancy Category for rivastigmine and galantamine?
What is the Pregnancy Category for rivastigmine and galantamine?
What is the Pregnancy Category for memantine?
What is the Pregnancy Category for memantine?
In patients with hepatic impairment, how should donepezil be dosed?
In patients with hepatic impairment, how should donepezil be dosed?
What is the recommended dosage of memantine for patients with CrCl between 5 and 29 mL/min?
What is the recommended dosage of memantine for patients with CrCl between 5 and 29 mL/min?
Which of the following adverse reactions is commonly associated with the use of cholinergic agonists and cholinesterase inhibitors?
Which of the following adverse reactions is commonly associated with the use of cholinergic agonists and cholinesterase inhibitors?
Which of the following is true regarding the adverse reactions associated with donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine?
Which of the following is true regarding the adverse reactions associated with donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine?
What is the recommended treatment for cholinergic-associated adverse reactions?
What is the recommended treatment for cholinergic-associated adverse reactions?
What is the main reason why cholinergic agonists and cholinesterase inhibitors should be used with caution in patients with a history of bronchospastic disorders?
What is the main reason why cholinergic agonists and cholinesterase inhibitors should be used with caution in patients with a history of bronchospastic disorders?
Which of the following drug interactions is considered unacceptable for cholinergic agonists and cholinesterase inhibitors?
Which of the following drug interactions is considered unacceptable for cholinergic agonists and cholinesterase inhibitors?
Why are cholinergic agonists thought to have some potential to cause generalized seizures?
Why are cholinergic agonists thought to have some potential to cause generalized seizures?
Which of the following is true regarding the metabolism of donepezil and galantamine?
Which of the following is true regarding the metabolism of donepezil and galantamine?
In patients with renal impairment, what is the recommended dosing for donepezil?
In patients with renal impairment, what is the recommended dosing for donepezil?
What effect does erythromycin have on the bioavailability of galantamine?
What effect does erythromycin have on the bioavailability of galantamine?
Which enzyme inhibition causes an increase in the AUC of galantamine when taken with paroxetine?
Which enzyme inhibition causes an increase in the AUC of galantamine when taken with paroxetine?
What effect do drugs that make urine alkaline have on the renal clearance of memantine?
What effect do drugs that make urine alkaline have on the renal clearance of memantine?
Which drugs interact with memantine due to shared renal cation exchange system for clearance?
Which drugs interact with memantine due to shared renal cation exchange system for clearance?
What is the mainstay treatment for myasthenia gravis?
What is the mainstay treatment for myasthenia gravis?
How is the optimal dose for neostigmine and pyridostigmine in myasthenia gravis typically established?
How is the optimal dose for neostigmine and pyridostigmine in myasthenia gravis typically established?
What is the primary mechanism of action for cholinesterase inhibitors?
What is the primary mechanism of action for cholinesterase inhibitors?
Which of the following is NOT a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor?
Which of the following is NOT a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor?
Which of the following statements about memantine (Namenda) is correct?
Which of the following statements about memantine (Namenda) is correct?
What is the primary mechanism by which reversible cholinesterase inhibitors increase acetylcholine levels?
What is the primary mechanism by which reversible cholinesterase inhibitors increase acetylcholine levels?
Which of the following statements about donepezil (Aricept) is correct?
Which of the following statements about donepezil (Aricept) is correct?
What is the primary mechanism by which cholinesterase inhibitors can increase the risk of adverse effects?
What is the primary mechanism by which cholinesterase inhibitors can increase the risk of adverse effects?
Which of the following statements about rivastigmine (Exelon) is correct?
Which of the following statements about rivastigmine (Exelon) is correct?
Which of the following is NOT a potential adverse effect of cholinesterase inhibitors?
Which of the following is NOT a potential adverse effect of cholinesterase inhibitors?
Which of the following statements about irreversible cholinesterase inhibitors is correct?
Which of the following statements about irreversible cholinesterase inhibitors is correct?
What is the primary reason for using cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease?
What is the primary reason for using cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease?
What accounts for the decreased number of peripheral cholinergic ADRs of the drug, like donepezil?
What accounts for the decreased number of peripheral cholinergic ADRs of the drug, like donepezil?
How does the drug's carbamate structure affect its binding to AChE?
How does the drug's carbamate structure affect its binding to AChE?
What type of inhibitor of AChE is this drug considered to be?
What type of inhibitor of AChE is this drug considered to be?
How does the drug's plasma half-life compare to the duration of AChE inhibition?
How does the drug's plasma half-life compare to the duration of AChE inhibition?
What additional mechanism of action does galantamine have besides AChE inhibition?
What additional mechanism of action does galantamine have besides AChE inhibition?
How does the progression of Alzheimer's disease affect the efficacy of these cholinergic drugs?
How does the progression of Alzheimer's disease affect the efficacy of these cholinergic drugs?
What is the primary mechanism of action of memantine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease?
What is the primary mechanism of action of memantine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease?
How does the bioavailability of rivastigmine compare to donepezil and galantamine?
How does the bioavailability of rivastigmine compare to donepezil and galantamine?
How are neostigmine and pyridostigmine primarily eliminated from the body?
How are neostigmine and pyridostigmine primarily eliminated from the body?
How is donepezil primarily metabolized?
How is donepezil primarily metabolized?
