Cholera Disease Symptoms and Progression
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Questions and Answers

What is the approximate ratio of asymptomatic to symptomatic individuals infected with cholera?

  • 3:100 (correct)
  • 1:100
  • 1:3
  • 3:1

    • What is the primary function of the Tcp pili in cholera?

  • Motility
  • Detachment
  • Adhesion (correct)
  • Toxin production

    • What is the effect of mucinase mutants on the virulence of V. cholerae?

  • They are less virulent (correct)
  • They have no effect on virulence
  • They are avirulent
  • They are more virulent

    • What is the primary function of the A subunit of cholera toxin?

    <p>ADP ribosylase activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum time frame for death to occur if medical treatment is not provided in severe cases of cholera?

    <p>3 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the polar flagellum in V. cholerae?

    <p>Motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of patients with diarrhoea have bloody diarrhoea?

    <p>Approximately 5 to 10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for active disease?

    <p>Vancomycin or metronidazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical time frame for symptoms to resolve after discontinuing antibiotic treatment?

    <p>1-14 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of pseudomembranous colitis?

    <p>Gray, white, or yellow patches on the mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does C difficile disease occur?

    <p>When antibiotics disturb the normal flora, allowing overgrowth of C difficile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of TcdA?

    <p>An enterotoxin that causes fluid accumulation in the bowel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the tcdC gene?

    <p>It encodes a negative regulator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the PaLoc in non-toxigenic C. difficile strains?

    <p>It is replaced by a short 115 bp sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the binary toxin described from the C. difficile strain CD 196?

    <p>CDT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trend observed in the incidence and severity of CDI over the last decade?

    <p>A significant increase in both incidence and severity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of TcdA and TcdB?

    <p>They contribute to the inflammatory response associated with C. difficile disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year was the incidence of C. difficile associated disease reported to be 156.3 per 100,000 persons in Quebec, Canada?

    <p>2003</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What proportion of strains of C.difficile contain the CDT locus?

    <p>6-12.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of TcdA and TcdB?

    <p>They act as glycosyltransferases and modify small GTPases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of the CDT locus?

    <p>4.3 kb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the pathogenicity locus that comprises five genes?

    <p>PaLoc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the toxin that is composed of two unlinked proteins, CdtB and CdtA?

    <p>Binary toxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of the genome of C.difficile strain 630?

    <p>4,290,252 nt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of treatment for cholera?

    <p>To consume the same volume of liquid as lost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Zot toxin?

    <p>To disrupt tight junctions between mucosal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using suckling mice and rabbit ligated ileal loops?

    <p>To study the effect of cholera toxin on the gut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the gene that is close to the ctxAB operon?

    <p>Ace toxin gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal composition of oral rehydration therapy?

    <p>Glucose and salt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was it necessary to inhibit stomach acid production in infant rabbits?

    <p>To allow infant rabbits to be used as a robust model</p> Signup and view all the answers

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