Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the most common use of the first-generation antipsychotics mentioned in the text?
What is the most common use of the first-generation antipsychotics mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is NOT a potential adverse effect of the first-generation antipsychotics?
Which of the following is NOT a potential adverse effect of the first-generation antipsychotics?
What is the primary mechanism of action of the second-generation antipsychotic Clozapine?
What is the primary mechanism of action of the second-generation antipsychotic Clozapine?
Which of the following is a potential drug interaction with Clozapine?
Which of the following is a potential drug interaction with Clozapine?
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What is a contraindication for the use of Clozapine?
What is a contraindication for the use of Clozapine?
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Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of the first-generation antipsychotics that is less likely to occur with the second-generation antipsychotics like Clozapine?
Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of the first-generation antipsychotics that is less likely to occur with the second-generation antipsychotics like Clozapine?
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What is the primary route of administration for the first-generation antipsychotics mentioned?
What is the primary route of administration for the first-generation antipsychotics mentioned?
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What are the main neurotransmitters blocked by Chlorpramazine in the CNS and PNS?
What are the main neurotransmitters blocked by Chlorpramazine in the CNS and PNS?
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Which of the following conditions can be treated with Chlorpramazine besides Schizoeffective disorder?
Which of the following conditions can be treated with Chlorpramazine besides Schizoeffective disorder?
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What is the mechanism of action of Haloperidol in the CNS and PNS?
What is the mechanism of action of Haloperidol in the CNS and PNS?
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Which adverse effect is associated with Chlorpramazine due to the blockade of alpha adrenergic receptors?
Which adverse effect is associated with Chlorpramazine due to the blockade of alpha adrenergic receptors?
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What severe condition is characterized by 'twisting/wormlike movements of tongue/face, lip smacking, and tongue darting'?
What severe condition is characterized by 'twisting/wormlike movements of tongue/face, lip smacking, and tongue darting'?
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Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS) due to Chlorpramazine?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS) due to Chlorpramazine?
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How does Chlorpramazine affect the risk of electroshock therapy?
How does Chlorpramazine affect the risk of electroshock therapy?
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Study Notes
Antipsychotic Drugs
- H1, NE, Alpha 1 antagonists are used to treat schizophrenia, acute psychosis, Tourette's, and severe behavioral issues in kids.
Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
- Low potency, first-generation antipsychotic (FGA) with conventional/neuroleptic/typical mechanism of action
- Blocks receptors in CNS and PNS: DA, AcH, H1, NE, Alpha 1, Alpha 2
- Used to reduce risk of electroshock therapy, treat schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder; also used for hiccups, emesis, and behavioral issues in kids
- Administered through PO, IM, IV; higher dosage required to achieve therapeutic effect
- Contraindications: CNS depression with benzodiazepines, 1st gen antihistamines, ethanol, opioids, barbiturates, and antidepressants
- Adverse effects:
- EPS: acute dystonia, parkinsonism, akathisia, tardive dyskinesia
- Anticholinergic effects: dry mouth, constipation, urinary frequency/retention, tachycardia, blurred vision
- Orthostatic hypotension due to alpha-adrenergic blockade
- Cardiac dysrhythmias
- Sedation (especially in the first week of therapy)
- Agranulocytosis (rare but serious)
- Sexual dysfunction, gynecomastia, galactorrhea, menstrual irregularity
- Increased sunlight sensitivity and risk of seizures
Haloperidol (Haldol)
- Conventional/typical/butyrophenone/nonphenothiazine neuroleptic
- Blocks multiple receptors in CNS and PNS: DA, ACH
- Mechanism of action: blocking receptors in CNS and PNS
Clozapine (Clozaril)
- Second-generation atypical antipsychotic
- Blocks DA receptors, depressing the reticular activating system, as well as serotonin and glutamate receptors; also has anticholinergic, antihistamine, and alpha-adrenergic blocking activity
- Used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and severe behavioral problems in autistic children
- Administered through PO, IM
- Decreased drug levels with: barbiturates, rifampin, tegretol, dilantin, ethanol, and benzodiazepines
- Increased drug levels with many antifungals, erythromycin, quinidine, and SSRIs
- Adverse effects:
- HA, agitation, nervousness, anxiety, insomnia, NV, dizziness, somnolence
- EPS, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain, DM, dyslipidemia
- Acute dystonia: laryngospasm
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Description
Test your knowledge on Chlorpromazine (Thorazine), a low potency first-generation antipsychotic with various effects on neurotransmitter receptors. Learn about its mechanism of action, uses, dosage forms, drug interactions, adverse effects, and more.
