Chinese Political System Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is a principle of democratic centralism as practiced by the Communist Party of China?

  • The Party organization is subordinate to individual members.
  • The majority is subordinate to the minority.
  • Individual Party members are subordinate to the Party organization. (correct)
  • All Party members are equal in decision-making.

    • Which of the following options best describes the Communist Party of China's leadership role?

  • It is the founding political organization of the country.
  • It functions solely as a consultancy group.
  • It serves as the ruling party controlling state affairs. (correct)
  • It operates without a Central Committee.

    • What are the long-term implications of extending the 9-year compulsory education to 12 years in mainland China?

  • It may support the development of higher education and industry. (correct)
  • It will decrease the overall education level.
  • It might reduce financial strain on families.
  • It could lead to increased dropout rates.

    • Which of the following statements about the stakeholders’ views on data collection is accurate?

    <p>Parents prefer to keep their children’s spending patterns private.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is considered the highest authority in the state governance structure of China?

    <p>The National Congress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of the education reform proposal mentioned for mainland China?

    <p>To decrease the overall school hours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the subordination principle of Party organizations under the Communist Party of China?

    <p>Constituent organizations submit to the National Congress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the roles of the state organs for legal supervision in China?

    <p>To provide judicial interpretation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the National People's Congress (NPC)?

    <p>To serve as the highest organ of state power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are deputies to the NPC primarily elected?

    <p>Via indirect elections based on population ratios</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group holds a significant number of seats in the NPC based on the member composition?

    <p>Authorities and bureaucrats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one criticism highlighted regarding the NPC's ability to represent different social classes?

    <p>It lacks an adequate representation of workers and peasants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Communist Party of China (CPC) play in the political system?

    <p>It leads and controls the state governance structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ plays a critical role in the supervision of government actions in the state?

    <p>People's procuratorate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term length for deputies in the National People's Congress?

    <p>5 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of the NPC has been emphasized to enhance harmony among different ethnic groups?

    <p>Guaranteed quotas for ethnic minority representatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a responsibility of the State Council?

    <p>Leading the Communist Party</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body is responsible for supervising members of the Communist Party?

    <p>Central Commission for Discipline Inspection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the status of the Communist Party of China?

    <p>It is the only ruling party in China.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the National People's Congress play concerning Communist Party decisions?

    <p>Party decisions cannot become state policies without its confirmation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the CPPCC is correct?

    <p>It participates in deliberations of state affairs without voting rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the Political Bureau and its Standing Committee?

    <p>Make decisions on military strategy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The head of state in China also holds which of the following positions?

    <p>General Secretary of the Communist Party</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'two sessions' refer to in the Chinese political context?

    <p>Joint meetings between the NPC and CPPCC.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the changes in power dynamics of the Communist Party before and after the Reform and Opening-up?

    <p>State policies require NPC confirmation of Party decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main channels for public supervision of the government in China?

    <p>Democratic Consultative Conference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chinese Political System

    • The Chinese political system is a complex one, characterized by a unique form of governance.
    • Key state organs include the National People's Congress (NPC), President, State Council, People's courts, and People's procuratorate. The leadership role of the Communist Party (CPC) is also crucial. The CPPCC is also a significant part of the political system.
    • The NPC is the highest organ of state power, first convened in 1954. It holds national sessions annually. It's composed of 2980 deputies serving five-year terms.

    Structure of the Central Authorities

    • The NPC Standing Committee actively exercises the NPC's powers when the NPC isn't in session.
    • The President is the nominal head of state and is elected by the NPC. Citizens of the PRC, who are 45 or older, are eligible to vote and run for office. There's no term limit for the President.
    • The State Council is the executive body of the highest organ of state power (the NPC). The council is comprised of the Premier, and other state officials.
    • The State Council has a 5-year term of office, and cannot serve more than two consecutive terms.
    • The judicial system involves several levels of People's courts, overseen by the Supreme People's Court.

    Functions and Powers of Main State Organs

    • The NPC is responsible for amending the constitution and enforcing its implementation. The NPC also enacts and amends state laws.
    • The NPC also elects and appoints, or removes members of state bodies and organizations.
    • The NPC examines major state issues (including reports, plans, and the budget.)

    People's Congress (NPC)

    • The NPC is the highest organ of state power in China, convening annually after its initial meeting in 1954.
    • 2980 deputies comprise the NPC, each with a five-year term.
    • Representatives are elected from provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities, the military, and special administrative regions The election is based on population ratios.

    National People's Congress (NPC) - Composition

    • Representatives are elected from different regions.
    • The number of deputies reflects the population of each region.
    • The deputies to the NPC are generated by means of indirect election

    National People's Congress (NPC) - Deputies

    • There are 36 deputies from Hong Kong.
    • Source 1 details the member composition percentages of the 12th and 13th NPC's, showcasing the proportion of workers/peasants, intellectuals, authorities, and other categories.

    National People's Congress (NPC) - Functions and Powers

    • Amend and enforce the constitution and enact/amend state laws.
    • Elect, appoint, or remove members of state bodies/organizations
    • Review major state issues, including reports, plans, and the budget.
    • Supervise the State Council, Supreme People's Courts, and Supreme People's Procuratorates.

    Leadership of the Communist Party (CPC)

    • The CPC is the ruling party in China, having been founded in 1921. It is the largest political party in the world by membership numbers.
    • Decisions flow from the top (Party Central Committee) to the grass roots.

    Democratic Centralism

    • In accordance with democratic centralism, all members and organisations within the CPC are subordinate to the National Congress and the Central Committee of the Party. Minority opinions are subordinate to the majority. Lower-level organizations are subordinate to higher-level ones.

    Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI)

    • The CCDI maintains the Party's constitution and discipline within the organization.
    • The role includes overseeing Party organizations and members.
    • Punishing party members who commit corruption and promotes anti-corruption work.

    Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)

    • The CPPCC is a significant multi-party system that collaborates with the CPC.
    • Its members come from various segments of Chinese society, including ethnic minorities, various political groups, and individuals without party affiliations.

    CPPCC - functions

    • Offers pre-decision consultation on general national/local principles and policies and important issues related to areas like politics, economy, culture, and society.
    • Provides suggestions and criticism of state organ work, and participates in relevant inspections.
    • The CPPCC puts forward proposals on state affairs through study reports or direct proposals to the CPC and state organs.

    Supervision of the Government

    • People's congresses supervise administrative, judicial, and prosecutorial organizations.
    • The CPPCC offers suggestions for democratic supervision, which are responded to by the government.
    • Social organizations, news media and surveys provide additional avenues for public input/supervision of the government.
    • The petition system enables citizens to report grievances and encourage dispute resolution.

    Self-Checking Questions

    • Questions are posed (1-8) requesting information on aspects of the Chinese political system.

    Vocab List

    • A list of key terms/phrases related to the Chinese political system and its terminology is presented (1-17).

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    Chinese Political System F3 Integrated Humanities PDF

    Description

    Explore the intricate structure of the Chinese political system, focusing on key state organs like the National People's Congress, the role of the Communist Party, and the State Council. Learn about the political hierarchy, election processes, and the functioning of these governmental bodies. This quiz provides insights into how the governance of China is uniquely organized.

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