Biochimie - Chapitre 2

The maintenance of a stable pH (acidity/alkalinity) in the body.

Acids produced by the body's metabolism.

Substances that help prevent major pH changes in the body.

A key buffer system in the body, involving H2CO3 and HCO3-.

The lungs' role in controlling blood acidity by adjusting CO2 levels.

The kidneys' role in regulating acid-base balance by excreting or reabsorbing ions.

A pair of substances that neutralize opposing changes in pH.

The process of keeping the body's pH within a narrow, healthy range.

Pure water is neither acidic nor basic, having equal concentrations of H3O+ and OH- ions.

The normal range of urinary pH is 4.6 – 8.

High urine pH can be caused by kidney infections, vomiting, urinary tract infections, vegetarian diets, or medications that raise pH.

A substance that releases H+ ions in a solution.

Low urine pH can be caused by malnutrition, diarrhea, diabetic acidosis, dehydration, meat-rich diets, cranberry-rich diets, and specific medications.

A substance that accepts H+ ions in a solution.

A scale measuring the concentration of H+ ions in a solution, ranging from 0 to 14.

An exchange reaction between an acid and a base.

Substances that neutralize stomach acid.

A solution with a pH lower than 7.

Components of antiacids (like Maalox®) that alter stomach pH.

A solution with a pH greater than 7.

Medications that reduce stomach acid production by blocking H+ pumps.

A solution with a pH of 7.

Antiacids increase gastric pH by neutralizing stomach acid.

A positive ion formed when a water molecule gains a H+ ion.

H+ pump inhibitors (PPI's) directly reduce the production of hydrogen ions in the stomach thus reducing gastric acidity

A negative ion formed when a water molecule releases an H+ ion.

Adding an acid increases H+ concentration (lower pH); adding a base increases OH- concentration (higher pH).

Stomach acid production is regulated by processes to maintain bodily balance.

The lungs' role in controlling blood acidity by adjusting CO2 levels.

A condition where the lungs don't remove enough CO2, making the blood too acidic.

A condition where the lungs remove too much CO2, making the blood too alkaline.

Increased breathing rate and depth, removing too much CO2.

Decreased breathing rate and depth, retaining CO2.

High partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood, linked to respiratory acidosis.

Low partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood, linked to respiratory alkalosis.

Blood pH below the normal range, indicating acidosis.

Blood pH above the normal range, indicating alkalosis.

Part of the body that manages blood acidity through CO2 regulation.

A measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution.

A substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.

A substance that accepts hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.

Pure water has a neutral pH of 7, meaning it has equal concentrations of H+ and OH- ions.

The maintenance of a stable pH range in the body, crucial for proper bodily functions.

Maintaining a stable pH level in the body, crucial for normal bodily functions.

Acids produced by the body's natural processes (metabolism).

Substances preventing major pH changes when acids or bases are added to the body.

The lungs adjusting CO2 levels in the blood to control acidity.

Kidneys regulating acid-base balance by excreting or reabsorbing ions.

A key buffer system in the body involving H2CO3 and HCO3-.

A pair of substances that neutralize opposing changes in pH.

The lungs' role in adjusting blood acidity by regulating CO2 levels.

Increased breathing rate and depth, leading to excessive CO2 removal.

Decreased breathing rate and depth, resulting in CO2 retention.

A condition caused by insufficient CO2 removal, lowering blood pH.

A condition arising from excessive CO2 loss, increasing blood pH.

Elevated partial pressure of CO2 in the blood.

Reduced partial pressure of CO2 in blood, linked with excessive CO2 removal.

The measure of acidity or alkalinity in urine, ranging from 4.6 to 8.

Kidney infections, vomiting, urinary tract infections, vegetarian diets, or medications that raise pH.

Malnutrition, diarrhea, diabetic acidosis, dehydration, meat-rich diets, and certain medications.

A chemical reaction between an acid and a base, resulting in neutralization.

Substances that neutralize stomach acid.

Medications that reduce stomach acid production.

The acidity level in the stomach.

Common components of antacids that neutralize stomach acid.

Measures the concentration of H+ ions in a solution.

A scale measuring acidity and alkalinity using from 0 to 14 with 7 being neutral.

Hyperventilation, by removing more CO2 from the blood, causes an increase in blood pH, making it more alkaline.

Hyperventilation decreases the concentration of H+ ions, making the blood less acidic.

Respiratory acidosis happens when the body retains too much carbon dioxide (CO2), leading to a lowered blood pH.

Respiratory alkalosis occurs when the body loses too much carbon dioxide (CO2), leading to an increased blood pH.

Blood pH should be maintained within a specific, tightly regulated range, typically 7.35-7.45.

Urines collected in early morning have a lower pH value (more acidic) compared to evening urines.

The pH of urine collected in the evening is slightly higher (more alkaline) than urine collected in the morning.

A lower pH indicates a higher concentration of hydronium ions (H3O+).

Pepsin, a digestive enzyme, works best in a highly acidic environment (pH 2).

The digestive enzyme trypsin operates in a less acidic environment in the intestines, aided by bicarbonate ions (HCO3-).

Human blood pH is maintained within a narrow 7.35-7.45 range.

Living cells are exceptionally sensitive to pH changes. Values outside a narrow range (7.0 to 7.8) are detrimental.

If blood pH dips below 7.0, there's a decrease in central nervous system function, leading to coma and ultimately death.

Blood pH above 7.8 leads to nervous system overstimulation, potentially causing severe symptoms like convulsions and respiratory arrest, and eventually death.

Healthy urine pH values fluctuate between 4.6 and 8, offering a wide range in response to the body.

The lungs regulate blood pH by adjusting CO2 levels. Increased CO2 leads to lower blood pH (more acidic), and decreased CO2 leads to higher blood pH (more alkaline).

High hydrogen ion concentration ([H+]) in the blood indicates a more acidic environment (lower pH).

Low hydrogen ion concentration ([H+]) in the blood indicates a more alkaline environment (higher pH).

If blood becomes too acidic (low pH), the respiratory system increases ventilation (breathing) to remove CO2, thus restoring pH balance.

If blood becomes too alkaline (high pH), the respiratory system decreases ventilation to retain CO2, restoring pH balance.

Ventilation rate directly impacts the amount of CO2 in the blood. Increasing ventilation removes more CO2, lowering acidity. Decreasing ventilation increases CO2, increasing acidity.

A part of the brain that monitors blood chemistry and adjusts ventilation to maintain the pH.

A measure of hydrogen ion (H+) concentration in a solution; a scale from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral.

A substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.

A substance that accepts hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.

Pure water has a neutral pH of 7, with equal concentrations of H+ and OH- ions.

A solution with a pH lower than 7.

A solution with a pH greater than 7.

The measure of acidity/alkalinity in human blood, kept within a narrow range of 7.35-7.45.

A measure of urine's acidity or alkalinity, usually between 4.6 and 8.

Kidney infections, vomiting, urinary tract infections, vegetarian diets, and some medications.

Malnutrition, diarrhea, diabetic acidosis, dehydration, high meat diets, and some medications.

The exchange of H+ ions between an acid and a base.

Substances that neutralize stomach acid.

Medications that reduce stomach acid production.

Components of antiacids that alter stomach pH through neutralization.

The acidity level in the stomach.

A scale that measures the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution ranging from 0 to 14.

A measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.

Hyperventilation, by removing more CO2 from the blood, causes an increase in blood pH, making it more alkaline.

Hyperventilation decreases the concentration of H+ ions, making the blood less acidic.

Respiratory acidosis happens when the body retains too much carbon dioxide (CO2), leading to a lowered blood pH.

Respiratory alkalosis occurs when the body loses too much carbon dioxide (CO2), leading to an increased blood pH.

Blood pH should be maintained within a specific, tightly regulated range, typically 7.35-7.45.

Urine collected in the early morning has a lower pH (more acidic) than evening urine.

Urine collected in the evening has a slightly higher pH (more alkaline) than morning urine.

A lower pH indicates a higher concentration of hydronium ions (H3O+).

Pepsin, a digestive enzyme, works best in a highly acidic environment (pH 2).

The digestive enzyme trypsin operates in a less acidic environment in the intestines.

Human blood pH is maintained within a narrow 7.35-7.45 range.

Living cells are exceptionally sensitive to pH changes. Values outside a narrow range (7.0 to 7.8) are detrimental.

If blood pH dips below 7.0, there's a decrease in central nervous system function, leading to coma and ultimately death.

Blood pH above 7.8 leads to nervous system overstimulation, potentially causing severe symptoms like convulsions and respiratory arrest, and eventually death.

Healthy urine pH values fluctuate between 4.6 and 8, offering a wide range in response to the body.