Childhood Identity: Gender & Play

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Questions and Answers

Which theoretical perspective posits that children's gender-typed play behaviors are primarily shaped through observation, imitation, and reinforcement?

  • Biological Theory
  • Cognitive Developmental Theory
  • Psychoanalytic Theory
  • Learning Theory (correct)

How does the social model of disability differ from the biomedical model?

  • It emphasizes societal barriers and attitudes as the primary disabling factors. (correct)
  • It focuses solely on the individual's physical impairments.
  • It prioritizes genetic explanations for disabilities.
  • It views disability as a problem inherent within the individual, requiring medical intervention.

Which play framework emphasizes creating environments that allow children to manage risks and explore boundaries according to their developmental stage?

  • Structured Play Therapy
  • Competitive Play
  • Academic Play
  • Adventure Playgrounds (correct)

How does understanding the principle of 'best interests of the child' influence practices in child and youth settings?

<p>It ensures that all decisions and actions are made with the child's well-being and rights as the primary consideration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In therapeutic settings, what primary benefit is associated with doll narrative play?

<p>Providing a safe medium for children to process and express difficult emotions or experiences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a core characteristic of 'helicopter parenting' that differentiates it from involved and supportive parenting?

<p>Excessive intervention in a child's life, often removing obstacles before the child encounters them. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might systemic racism impact representation in play and multicultural classrooms?

<p>By limiting the visibility and positive portrayal of certain racial or ethnic groups in play scenarios and educational resources. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of digital play, what does the term 'sociotechnical environment' refer to?

<p>The interplay between social, cultural, and technological elements that shape digital play experiences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reflects a post-colonial perspective on play?

<p>An examination of how historical power dynamics and colonization influence play traditions and representation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Article 31 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, children have the right to:

<p>Rest, play, culture, and arts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does 'universal design' apply to creating inclusive play environments for children?

<p>It aims to create environments that are usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without adaptation or specialized design. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of promoting gender equality in play within the classroom environment?

<p>To provide opportunities for children to explore a wide range of interests and roles without the constraints of gender stereotypes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between 'risk' and 'hazard' in the context of children's play?

<p>Risk refers to situations with uncertain outcomes but potential for learning, while hazards are sources of potential danger that should be eliminated. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can understanding critical race theory inform practices in multicultural classrooms?

<p>By acknowledging and addressing how race and racism have shaped societal structures and continue to impact students' experiences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the ParticipACTION Report Card, what aspect of children's physical activity is evaluated?

<p>Children's overall physical activity levels and sedentary behaviors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key principle of the Playwork Principles?

<p>To give children control over their play and support them in managing their own risk. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does engaging in sports potentially benefit young people beyond physical health?

<p>By fostering teamwork, discipline, and social skills. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of worry dolls in therapeutic play?

<p>To provide children with a tangible tool for expressing and symbolically releasing anxieties or worries. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a core focus of research examining 'Children and Minecraft' in the context of digital play?

<p>Investigating how children develop creativity, problem-solving skills, and social connections within the Minecraft gaming environment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios best represents the implementation of social justice principles in a child and youth setting?

<p>Ensuring that all children have equal access to resources, opportunities, and support, regardless of their backgrounds or abilities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is gender?

A socially constructed concept that sorts people, structuring relationships of inequality on unequal distributions of valued resources.

Learning Theory (Gender)

Explains how children learn gender roles through observation, imitation, reinforcement, and punishment.

Cognitive Developmental Theory (Gender)

Focuses on how children actively construct their understanding of gender through stages.

Biological Theory (Gender)

Suggests that genes and hormones influence gender differences in behavior and preferences.

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Universal Design

The extent to which an environment, product, or service can be used by everyone, regardless of ability or disability.

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Critical Race Theory

A framework that examines how race intersects with other forms of discrimination, like gender and class, in shaping individuals' experiences and opportunities.

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What is risky play?

Pleasurable, novel, and/or thrilling activities that involve a risk of physical injury.

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Helicopter Parenting

Actions taken to limit children's exposure to perceived dangers, sometimes hindering their ability to learn and develop resilience.

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What is Play Therapy

Therapeutic intervention using play to help children express emotions, process experiences, and develop coping strategies.

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Doll Narrative Play

The telling of stories or narratives using dolls.

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Worry Dolls

Doll that are used to cope with trauma.

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Sandtray Therapy

A form of therapy in which a child uses miniature toys and sand to create scenes, exploring emotions and experiences.

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Physical Game Play

A game play type characterized by physical activity.

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Strategy Game Play

Games that involve critical thinking.

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Chance Game Play

Game where a roll of the dice determines game play.

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Emotion Regulation

The ability to understand, manage, and express one's emotions, as well as understand and respond to the emotions of others.

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What is Digital Play

A play that creates an environment of learning.

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Discourse and Digital Play

This involves children learning through technology.

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Study Notes

General Information on the Exam

  • Exam has 40 multiple choice questions (a-e/true or false), and 5 short answer questions (25 marks)
  • The exam makes up 65% of the final grade
  • It is a 2.5 hour exam
  • All lecture notes, readings, and guest lectures are fair game
  • It covers everything after the midterm

Identity and Inequality in Childhood, Development and Play

  • Gender is a focus
  • Factors shaping Children’s Gender-Typed Play Behaviors is important
  • Those factors are:
    • Learning Theory
    • Cognitive Developmental Theory
    • Biological Theory
  • Gender and Toy Play is a key area
  • Study the content of girls' and boys' toys
  • Toy selection is relevant
  • Understanding gender differences in fantasy play is important
  • Pay attention to how toys are advertised
  • Gender neutral toys are a consideration
  • The importance of promoting gender equality in play in the classroom
  • Children, Disability, and Play are considered
  • Models of Disability include:
    • Biomedical Model
    • Social Model
  • Universal Design is an important aspect
  • Study specifically Children with:
    • Visual Impairments
    • Hearing Difficulties
    • Intellectual Impairments
    • Autism
  • Critical Race Theory, Racialization, and Systemic Racism are considered
  • Representation in Play and the Multicultural Classroom are important
  • Post-Colonial Perspectives on Play are included
  • The Principles of a Social Justice Setting for Child and Youth Practitioners are relevant

Shaping and Being Shaped by the Environment in Childhood, Development and Play

  • Risky play is a consideration
  • Types of Risky Play should be studied
  • Consider Risk vs. Hazard
  • Helicopter or Hyper Parenting is relevant
  • Overprotection as a Barrier to Risky Play
  • The Historical Development of Children’s Playgrounds:
    • Social Reform Movement
    • Safety to Eliminate Risk
    • The Return to Nature and Free Play
  • Consider The Overprotected Kid – The Atlantic
  • Common Elements of Adventure Playgrounds
  • The Playwork Principles are important
  • Be aware of Questions to ask during risky play...
  • Guest Speaker: Rachel Willis (Outdoor Education) presented

Play Therapy

  • Need to understand Play Therapy
  • Study the Benefits of Play Therapy
  • Study the General Process of Play Therapy
  • Understand the Benefits of Doll Play
    • Doll Narrative Play
    • Doll Play in Medical Settings
    • Dolls and Abuse Trauma
    • Worry Dolls
    • Doll Houses in a Therapeutic Setting
  • Puppet Therapy is a consideration
    • Benefits of Puppet Play
  • Curating Puppets for Play Therapy is relevant
  • Sandtray Therapy is relevant
    • Therapeutic Benefits- Sandtray Therapy
    • Core Tools and Techniques
  • Gaming is an important aspect
    • Types of Game Play (physical, strategy, chance)
  • Benefits of Game Play are importatnt
    • Anxiety
    • Social–Emotional Learning
    • Emotion Regulation
  • Choosing Play Materials from Chung et al., 2023 publication is relevant
  • Guest speakers consisted of:
    • John Smith (D&D Club with Autistic Youth)
    • Jeff Howell (Sports Stacking)

Sports

  • Benefits of Sports
  • Whether young people have the right to play sports is a topic (*Know Concerns and Recommendations)
  • Protecting children from exploitation and abuse is important
    • Article 19: Protection from violence
    • Article 32: Protection from harmful work)
  • Articles 9 & 10 deal with Family life
  • Article 24: Health, Water, food and environment
  • Article 28: Access to education
  • Article 31: Rest, play, culture and arts
  • Article 3: Best interests of the child
  • Article 12 is about: Respect for children’s views
  • Participaction Report – 2024 is relevant
    • Overall Grade D+
    • Active Play
    • Organized Sport
    • Physical Education

Digital Play

  • Digital Play is a consideration
  • Discourse and Digital Play is relevant
  • Screen Time is an important aspect
  • Sociotechnical Environment
  • Adults and Digital Play
  • Connection-Concern and Counter Argument
  • "Children and Minecraft: A survey of children’s digital play (Mavoa et al., 2018)" article is relevant
  • Physical Activity – Concern and Counter Argument
  • Consider Identity

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