Childhood Development and Gender Identity
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of Urie Bronfenbrenner's Bio-Ecological Theory?

  • The importance of language in shaping thoughts and behaviors
  • The impact of social and cultural context on development
  • The influence of immediate and external systems on development (correct)
  • The role of genetics in shaping developmental outcomes
  • According to Lev Vygotsky's Social-Cultural Theory, what is the primary mechanism that drives growth and learning?

  • The role of genetics in shaping developmental outcomes
  • The influence of language on thought and behavior
  • The interplay between immediate and external systems
  • The zone of proximal development (correct)
  • What is the primary purpose of a literature review in research design?

  • To identify variables related to the inquiry
  • To formulate a hypothesis
  • To review past theories and research as a basis for the current study (correct)
  • To identify a research question
  • What is the primary difference between a population and a sample in research design?

    <p>A sample is a representative group of the population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of scaffolding in Lev Vygotsky's Social-Cultural Theory?

    <p>To provide support for learners as they move towards proficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of a research question in research design?

    <p>To investigate a measurable inquiry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a hypothesis in research design?

    <p>To launch an investigation or research study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between variables in research design?

    <p>Variables are clearly defined and distinct, such as friendship and popularity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of generalizability in research design?

    <p>To make inferences about the population from the sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the zone of proximal development in Lev Vygotsky's Social-Cultural Theory?

    <p>To facilitate learning through scaffolding and social interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Identity Formation

    • Gender identity: a child learns to label themselves as a boy or girl by 2 years old, with awareness starting as early as 9 months.
    • Gender stability: a child learns that their gender remains the same throughout life, developing by age 4.
    • Gender constancy: a child understands that their gender remains the same even in ambiguous situations, developing by age 4 or 5.

    Sexual Identity

    • Influenced by societal ideas of gender, including cultural and religious beliefs.
    • Aspects include:
      • Sexual attraction/orientation.
      • Conformity to gender/sexual expectations.

    Culture

    • A social group that influences an individual's beliefs, behaviors, and ideas.
    • Aspects include:
      • Race (e.g., Black, White, Asian).
      • Ethnicity (e.g., spirituality, nationality).

    Social Competence

    • Cultural learning from multiple contexts (school, home, community).
    • Experience-dependent growth, influencing brain development.

    Brain Development

    • The brain develops from lower to top, opposite to physical development.
    • The triune brain has specialized functions.
    • Environmental influence affects brain structures.

    Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

    • A foundation of needs must be met for optimal development.
    • The pyramid structure represents the hierarchy of needs.

    Maturational Theory

    • Genetic preset biological timelines.
    • Devised by Gesell's Developmental Schedule.
    • Identifies delays in typical development.

    Areas of Physical Development

    • Challenges to growth and development include:
      • LBW (Low Birth Weight) or other delays.
      • Genetic constraints or disorders.
      • Nutrition (poor nutrition or overindulgence).
      • Sleep disorders.
      • Child/environment interactions.

    Peer/Society Relationships

    • Societal norms and expectations guide relationship formation.
    • Family foundation for social relationships.
    • Peer status, including groups, cliques, outcasts, and adult perceptions.

    Bio-Ecological Theory

    • Development occurs within various systems.
    • Systems have indirect and direct influences on developmental outcomes.

    Social-Cultural Theory

    • Development is impacted by social, historical, and cultural context.
    • Intersubjective nature of learning and culturally determined thoughts influence developmental outcomes.
    • Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) drives growth and learning.

    Research Design

    • Elements include:
      • Research question: a measurable inquiry.
      • Literature review: examining past theories and research.
      • Hypothesis: a supposition or possible explanation.
      • Variables: clearly defined factors related to the inquiry.
      • Population: the group(s) being investigated.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the formation of identity in children, including friendship formation and gender identity development from preschool to adulthood.

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