Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which attachment pattern is characterized by infants seeking contact with the parent upon their return after separation?
Which attachment pattern is characterized by infants seeking contact with the parent upon their return after separation?
What behavior is typical of infants with avoidant attachment during reunion with the parent?
What behavior is typical of infants with avoidant attachment during reunion with the parent?
Which attachment pattern is associated with the greatest insecurity in infants?
Which attachment pattern is associated with the greatest insecurity in infants?
What indicates a resistant attachment pattern in infants during reunion with their parent?
What indicates a resistant attachment pattern in infants during reunion with their parent?
Signup and view all the answers
During the Strange Situation, how might a disorganized/disoriented infant respond when reunited with their parent?
During the Strange Situation, how might a disorganized/disoriented infant respond when reunited with their parent?
Signup and view all the answers
What emotional difficulties are commonly observed in infants who have not formed a bond with a caregiver?
What emotional difficulties are commonly observed in infants who have not formed a bond with a caregiver?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant consequence for adopted children who spent time in deprived environments like Romanian orphanages?
What is a significant consequence for adopted children who spent time in deprived environments like Romanian orphanages?
Signup and view all the answers
Which caregiving style is most associated with insecure attachment in infants?
Which caregiving style is most associated with insecure attachment in infants?
Signup and view all the answers
What does interactional synchrony refer to in the context of caregiver-infant relationships?
What does interactional synchrony refer to in the context of caregiver-infant relationships?
Signup and view all the answers
How does sensitive caregiving contribute to attachment security?
How does sensitive caregiving contribute to attachment security?
Signup and view all the answers
What aspect of caregiving shows cultural variation concerning attachment security?
What aspect of caregiving shows cultural variation concerning attachment security?
Signup and view all the answers
What characteristic is commonly found in securely attached infants?
What characteristic is commonly found in securely attached infants?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements correctly describes insecure infants?
Which of the following statements correctly describes insecure infants?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of the internal working model in attachment theory?
What is the primary purpose of the internal working model in attachment theory?
Signup and view all the answers
During which phase do infants begin to show understanding of the goals and intentions of their attachment figures?
During which phase do infants begin to show understanding of the goals and intentions of their attachment figures?
Signup and view all the answers
In what situation might a securely attached infant exhibit exploratory behavior?
In what situation might a securely attached infant exhibit exploratory behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
What does Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation procedure aim to measure?
What does Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation procedure aim to measure?
Signup and view all the answers
What factor is primarily responsible for the decline in separation protest in infants?
What factor is primarily responsible for the decline in separation protest in infants?
Signup and view all the answers
How does the security of an attachment influence an infant's future relationships?
How does the security of an attachment influence an infant's future relationships?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant characteristic of infants in Bowlby's phase 4 of attachment?
What is a significant characteristic of infants in Bowlby's phase 4 of attachment?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement is true regarding the quality of infants' attachment experiences?
Which statement is true regarding the quality of infants' attachment experiences?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Child Psychology: Pre-School
- Changing Demographics: Family structures are diverse, with more single parents. Case studies highlight severe early deprivation, including prolonged neglect, abuse, and institutionalization.
- Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD): RAD is characterized by a child's failure to form healthy emotional bonds with caregivers, often due to emotional neglect or abuse.
- Temperament: Individual differences in behavioral styles, emotions, and characteristic ways of responding. Temperament is linked to how quickly emotions are shown, their intensity, duration, and fading speed. Inhibition demonstrates significant stability from infancy through early childhood (e.g., Kagan's research).
- Chess and Thomas' Classification: Three basic temperament types:
- Easy child: generally positive, regular routines, easily adapts to change.
- Difficult child: negative reactions, irregular routines, slow to accept change.
- Slow-to-warm-up child: low activity level, somewhat negative, slow to adapt.
- Kagan's Behavioral Inhibition: Categorization of temperment based on shyness or boldness when exposed to the unfamiliar. Shy children/inhibited temperament react cautiously or fearfully to novel situations.
- Rothbart and Bates' Classification: Three broad dimensions of temperament:
- Extraversion/surgency: positive anticipation, impulsivity, activity level, sensation seeking.
- Negative affectivity: fear, frustration, sadness, discomfort.
- Effortful control: flexibility in attention, impulse control, and perceptual sensitivity. Infants high in effortful control are better at regulating their arousal and have soothing strategies.
- Goodness-of-Fit Model: Compatibility between a child's temperament and environmental demands. A good fit leads to positive outcomes; a poor fit can lead to adjustment problems.
- Parenting Styles: Specific approaches to child-rearing are connected to particular temperaments
- Shy children: benefit from encouragement to explore.
- Aggressive/difficult children: firm, consistent discipline.
- Fearful children: warmth and gentle discipline.
- Attachment: Close emotional bond between two people, developed especially during infancy.
- Ethological Theory: Bowlby's theory emphasizing the importance of attachment in the first year and responsiveness of the caregiver.
- Phases of Attachment:
- Pre-attachment (0-2 months): Infants display innate signals to summon caregivers.
- Attachment in the making (2-7 months): Preference for familiar caregivers develops.
- Clear-cut attachment (7-24 months): Specific attachments develop with separation anxiety.
- Reciprocal Relationships (24+ months): Children consider others' feelings and adjust behavior accordingly
- Internal Working Model: Expectations about attachment figures, influencing future relationships.
- Strange Situation: Ainsworth's observational measure for assessing infant attachment styles, involving a series of separations and reunions with the caregiver.
- Attachment Patterns: Secure, avoidant, resistant, and disorganized/disoriented.
Opportunity and Quality of Caregiving
- Research highlights the importance of sensitive caregiving.
- Insecure attachments can result from inconsistent or unresponsive caregiving.
- Good caregiving involves a sensitive response to signals, pacing, and encouraging interaction.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore key concepts in child psychology focusing on preschool-age children. This quiz covers topics such as changing family demographics, Reactive Attachment Disorder, and temperament classifications. Dive into the various behavioral styles and emotional responses that shape early childhood development.
