Child Nursing Care III: Emotional Conditions

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Questions and Answers

What is a notable difference in how emotional and behavioral conditions present in children compared to adults?

Children exhibit more somatic symptoms and agitation in depression. (correct)

Children with depression are always withdrawn and antisocial.

Children with emotional conditions always seek help directly.

Children only show physical symptoms without emotional impact.

Which factor is stated to influence emotional and behavioral problems in children?

The presence of physical illness in childhood.

Children never experience emotional issues if their parents are stable.

Children who exhibit emotional issues always require hospitalization.

Early life events may play a significant role in developing problems. (correct)

What is emphasized about the developmental stages of children and adolescents in relation to emotional disorders?

They should be treated the same as adults due to shared disorders.

Disorders manifest in adulthood and do not begin in childhood.

Disorders may manifest differently across various developmental stages. (correct)

Behavioral problems are solely due to environmental factors.

What is a potential outcome of early intervention and treatment for children with emotional or behavioral conditions?

There is a possibility of achieving complete recovery. Signup and view all the answers

How do the symptoms of emotional disorders differ between children and adolescents?

Children may show agitation while adolescents may exhibit aggression or withdrawal. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of therapies for infants and toddlers with emotional or behavioral conditions?

Improving parent-child relationships and behavior modification Signup and view all the answers

Which tool is specifically designed for diagnosing mental health conditions in preschool-age children?

Research and Diagnostic Criteria – Preschool Age (RDC-PA) Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effects can a dysfunctional family have on a child’s emotional development?

May lead to feelings of guilt and low self-esteem Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of milieu therapy in treating children with emotional or behavioral issues?

Establishing a physically and socially safe environment Signup and view all the answers

Which type of learning disability is typically examined in relation to organic behavioral disorders in children?

Academic skill development impairments Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Excessive worrying Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary concern for nursing when addressing a child's learning disability?

Educating parents on medication timings Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding adolescents with anorexia nervosa?

They usually exhibit severe weight loss. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant complication of untreated bulimia?

Erosion of tooth enamel Signup and view all the answers

What is a common behavioral disorder in children that may manifest as acting out rather than expressing sadness?

Childhood depression Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing intervention is essential when managing a patient with anorexia nervosa?

Creating a supportive and relaxed atmosphere Signup and view all the answers

What is a common emotional issue experienced by adolescents with eating disorders like bulimia?

Feelings of guilt and low self-esteem Signup and view all the answers

What is a common early sign of dyslexia?

Difficulty learning nursery rhymes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a suspected cause of autism spectrum disorders (ASD)?

Low birth weight Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of therapy for children with autism spectrum disorders?

To maximize the child’s ability to live independently Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is indicative of inattention in ADHD?

Difficulty concentrating unless instruction is one-to-one Signup and view all the answers

Which therapeutic management strategy is beneficial for children with ADHD?

Environmental manipulation to reduce distractions Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic behavior of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

Recurrent, persistent thoughts (obsessions) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common characteristic seen in a child with dysgraphia?

Problems with spelling and writing Signup and view all the answers

What factor is commonly associated with the genetic causes of ADHD?

Disturbances in the dopamine system Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Child Needing Nursing Care III: Emotional and Behavioral Conditions

This lesson covers safe, effective care for children and families experiencing emotional/behavioral conditions.
Pediatric nursing recognizes differences between childhood and adulthood development, even if some disorders are shared.
Childhood depression may manifest as agitation or somatic symptoms; adolescent depression might involve antisocial behavior, aggression, withdrawal, or substance use.
Early intervention is often more effective than later intervention.

Nursing Role and Treatment Settings

Nurses play a crucial role in interacting with families and assessing child-parent relationships.
The DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition) is used for mental disorder diagnoses.
Age-appropriate tools like Research and Diagnostic Criteria – Preschool Age (RDC-PA) and Zero to Three Diagnostic Classifications are used for infants and young children.
Intellectual disabilities involve impairments in general mental ability, affecting daily tasks (e.g., language, reasoning).
Therapies for infants/toddlers focus on parent-child relationships and positive reinforcement.

Treatment Types and Settings

Treatment settings often include child guidance clinics with a multidisciplinary team (psychiatrist, psychologist, social worker, pediatrician, nurse).
Therapy types include individual, family, or group therapy; behavior modification; milieu therapy (physical/social environment); and creating emotionally safe environments.
Therapy goals aim to improve family functioning.
Common behaviors (e.g., finger sucking, nail biting) can reflect anxiety stemming from family dysfunction.

Common Organic Behavioral Disorders in Children

Learning Disabilities: Affect acquiring, retaining, comprehending, and organizing information (e.g., dysgraphia, dyslexia, dyscalculia).
Suspected Causes: Perinatal factors (low birth weight, prenatal exposure to drugs/alcohol), genetics, abuse.
Dyslexia: Difficulty reading, identifying speech sounds, and letter/word relationships. Often comorbid (cooccurring) with ADHD.
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD): Characterized by difficulties in social interaction, communication, repetitive behaviors, and stereotyped interests. Early diagnosis possible, usually well established by age 18.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): Recurrent, persistent thoughts (obsessions) and ritualistic behaviors (compulsions). Usually does not impair cognitive function or relationships.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Developmentally inappropriate levels of activity, impulsivity, and inattention, starting before age 7 and lasting more than 6 months.
Symptoms (ADHD): Inattention (e.g., making mistakes, easily distracted), Impulsivity (e.g., interrupting, talking out of turn), and Hyperactivity (e.g., fidgeting, difficulty staying seated).
ADHD Therapy: Multiple approaches including family counseling, medication (e.g., stimulants), classroom placement, environmental modification, and sometimes psychotherapy.
Eating Disorders: Anorexia nervosa (self-starvation), Bulimia (binge eating followed by purging). These often stem from low self-esteem and issues with body image.
- Treatments include hospitalization, psychotherapy, behavior therapy.

Common Environmental/Biochemical Disorders in Children

Mood Disorders (Depression): Difficulty expressing feelings, acting out problems, manifested in various behaviors (e.g., withdrawal, school problems, changes in appetite/sleep).
- Treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), medication (antidepressants).
Suicide: Deliberate self-injury with intent to die. Suicide is the third leading cause of death in adolescents. Risk factors include parental loss, family disruption, abuse, neglect, and dysfunctional families.
- Warning signs include social withdrawal, decreased school performance, giving away possessions, talking about death, flat affect, or sudden mood change. Immediate action is necessary.
Substance Abuse: Experimentation, controlled use, abuse, and dependence (psychological and physical). Includes substances like alcohol, drugs, and tobacco.
- Treatment focuses on education and support for families and individuals.
Children of Alcoholics: Face emotional and physical neglect, experiencing family unpredictability and confusion. They may develop coping strategies such as flight, fight, being the perfect child, or trying to be a family savior.

Minimizing Impact of Behavioral Disorders

Multidisciplinary interventions and referrals are implemented after identifying the problem source.
The Developmental Troubleshooters Eclectic Checklist for Kids and Teenagers (D-TECKT) is used to direct care.

Effects on Growth and Development

The duration and intensity of stressful events, along with coping skills, affect developmental progress. A family-centered approach to care is key.

Effects on Siblings

Siblings often experience emotional scars or protective coping mechanisms due to a brother or sister's emotional or behavioral condition. Sibling rivalry is a normal developmental process.

Case Study: Christopher (Autism)

Factors influencing reactions include unfamiliar surroundings and the pace of same-day surgery units.
Key information to elicit from Christopher's mother includes his coping strategies for changes in schedule, surroundings, and interactions.
Strategies for interacting with Christopher include slow approach, asking permission before touching, letting him handle equipment.

Summary of the Lesson

This lesson reviews the nurse's role and treatment settings, common behavioral disorders, and environmental/biochemical disorders in children. It also includes a case study and discussion.

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Description

This quiz focuses on safe and effective nursing care for children experiencing emotional and behavioral conditions. It includes important aspects of pediatric nursing, developmental differences, and the role of nurses in assessing child-parent relationships. Key tools and early intervention strategies are also covered.