Child Marriage in Turkey Report Insights
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Questions and Answers

What are the socio-cultural factors evaluated related to child marriage?

  • Women’s pre-marital characteristics (correct)
  • Economic conditions of families
  • Historical background of marriages
  • Community acceptance of marriage (correct)

    • What is a consequence of child marriage that is highlighted in the content?

  • Enhanced social status
  • Economic independence
  • Deprivation of the right to education (correct)
  • Increased educational opportunities

    • Which organization is NOT mentioned as contributing to the report on child marriage?

  • World Health Organization (WHO) (correct)
  • Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA)
  • Hacettepe University Institute for Population Studies
  • UNFPA Turkey Country Office

    • What paradox is presented regarding the age of marriage in Turkey?

    <p>The marrying age is increasing while child marriage persists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group shows a significant percentage of individuals married before 18, according to the content?

    <p>20-24 age group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of the report discussed in the content?

    <p>To support preventative measures against child marriage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issue is highlighted as still prevalent in Turkey concerning child marriage?

    <p>Child marriage acceptance overshadows legal age requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the societal impacts of child marriage mentioned?

    <p>Social and economic weaknesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Turkey Demographic and Health Surveys (TDHS)?

    <p>To collect data on marriage related indicators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of marriage do TDHS studies particularly emphasize?

    <p>Marriages carried out before childhood is complete</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How frequently is data prepared for the Turkey Demographic and Health Surveys?

    <p>Every five years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What time span does the TDHS cover in its retrospective analysis?

    <p>50 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenges are specifically highlighted regarding women's rights in the context of marriage?

    <p>Women's rights and liberties are often limited</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the data collected by TDHS for policy development?

    <p>It allows for international comparisons of marriages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the objectives of the surveys conducted in the twenty-first century?

    <p>To provide a global dimension to human rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who contributed to the Turkey Demographic and Health Surveys?

    <p>Academics of the Institute of Population Studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region had the highest prevalence of CEFM in the 1993 TDHS?

    <p>South</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the prevalence of CEFM in the North region during the 2003 TDHS?

    <p>19%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year did the Central region show a decline in CEFM prevalence compared to the previous survey?

    <p>2008</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the 2018 TDHS, which region had the lowest recorded prevalence of CEFM?

    <p>South</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region maintained a steady prevalence rate across the surveys from 1998 to 2013?

    <p>Central</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much did the West region's CEFM prevalence decrease from 1993 to 2018?

    <p>14%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which survey reported a CEFM prevalence of 10% for the Central region?

    <p>2018 TDHS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the CEFM prevalence change in the South from 2008 to 2013?

    <p>Decreased by 1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does CEFM stand for in relation to early marriage issues?

    <p>Child, Early and Forced Marriage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization is referred to by the abbreviation UNICEF?

    <p>United Nations International Children’s Fund</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Turkish Civil Code (TCC) regarding CEFM?

    <p>Protection of children's rights in marriages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important reproductive health service mentioned in relation to mothers?

    <p>Antenatal Care (ANC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a factor associated with CEFM?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of marriage is referred to as consanguineous marriage?

    <p>Marriage between close relatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What health aspect is assessed in relation to child health within the content provided?

    <p>Birthweight and breastfeeding patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'fertility preferences' refer to?

    <p>Expectations about family size and timing of childbirth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the objectives of the Turkey Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS)?

    <p>To assess reproductive health and rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following figures illustrates the prevalence of marrying before age 18?

    <p>Figure 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which organization can viable statistics on population studies be sourced according to the abbreviations?

    <p>TURKSTAT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation 'ANC' represent in this context?

    <p>Antenatal Care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of young women aged 20-24 were married before the age of 18?

    <p>21%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is child marriage considered a violation of human rights?

    <p>It restricts personal freedoms of young girls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a consequence of Child, Early and Forced Marriages (CEFM)?

    <p>Increased opportunities for education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization focuses on the empowerment of women and gender equality?

    <p>UN WOMEN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which international convention specifically addresses the rights of children in relation to issues like CEFM?

    <p>UN Convention on the Rights of the Child</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant indicator related to the Sustainable Development Goals associated with CEFM?

    <p>Prevalence of marriages before age 18</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of gender, who primarily experiences the discrimination associated with CEFM?

    <p>Only girls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many girls enter into marriage every year as a result of CEFM according to UNICEF?

    <p>12 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of women worldwide who were married as children?

    <p>650 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect does CEFM primarily hinder in relation to girls' lives?

    <p>Full and informed consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the percentage of unmet need for family planning among women aged 20-24 who married before age 18 in the most recent data from 2018?

    <p>29%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Between which years did the percentage of women aged 20-24 who married before age 18 showing the source of supply for contraceptive methods peak?

    <p>2003-2008</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of women in the 20-24 age group did not have information on the use of modern contraceptive methods, according to the latest data?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the unmet need for family planning change from 1993 to 2013 for women aged 20-24?

    <p>Declined from 21% to 6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of women aged 20-24 who married before age 18 used modern methods according to the 2018-TDHS data?

    <p>12%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor has consistently shown a higher unmet need for family planning in women aged 20-24?

    <p>Women married before age 18</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the status of unmet need for family planning for women aged 20-24 at the time of the 2003 TDHS?

    <p>Higher than 21%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As of 2013, how did the proportions of women aged 20-24 using any contraceptive method compare to earlier years?

    <p>Decreased during this period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Child, Early and Forced Marriage in Turkey

    • This report analyzes Turkey Demographic and Health Surveys (TDHS) data from 1993 to 2018, examining child, early, and forced marriage (CEFM) trends.
    • CEFM is a violation of human rights, a significant obstacle to women's empowerment, and linked with negative health, education, and economic outcomes.
    • Globally, 12 million girls are married annually before reaching adulthood.

    Global Prevalence of CEFM

    • Globally, 21% of women aged 20-24 were married before age 18 in 2017.
    • Niger has the highest rate of child marriages (76%) worldwide (UNICEF, 2019).

    Age at First Marriage and CEFM in Turkey

    • The Turkish Civil Code (TCC) mandates a minimum marriage age of 17.
    • Judges can authorize a marriage at 16 in exceptional cases.
    • The average age at first marriage for women in Turkey has risen since 2010.

    Prevalence of CEFM in Turkey

    Data show a significant decline in the prevalence of child marriage in Turkey over the past 40 years (1978-2018). However, more recent surveys (2003-2018) demonstrate a less clear trend, implying potential increases in some regions.

    CEFM Prevalence by Place of Residence

    • Rural areas show higher rates of CEFM.
    • Urban areas display a more moderate rate.

    CEFM Prevalence by Wealth Index

    • A marked increase in CEFM among women in the poorest households.
    • CEFM rates tend to decrease as wealth level increases.

    CEFM Prevalence by Region

    • Southeast Anatolia displays the highest prevalence.
    • The West Black Sea displays the lowest prevalence.

    Data Sources and Method

    • The analysis uses data from 11 nationally representative Turkey Demographic and Health Surveys (TDHSs) from 1978 to 2018.
    • The surveys collect standardized data on reproductive health, fertility, socio-demographic factors, and marital issues.

    Reproductive Health and Rights

    • Knowledge about the fertile period was low for women married prior to age 18, declining between 1993-2018.
    • Modern contraceptive use is higher among women that married before age 18 and use contraceptive methods.

    Antenatal Care, Delivery and Postnatal Care

    • There's a significant increase in the use of antenatal care facilities by younger women married before age 18 since the 1990s.
    • Deliveries in public hospitals have increased
    • Rates of C-section births decreased among women married before age 18 between 2008 and 2018, with a recent slight increase.

    Child Health

    • Birth weight for children born to women who married before age 18 has been relatively stable.
    • The age at which women give birth to their first child is generally below the recommended standards of the World Health Organization (WHO).

    Social and Cultural Factors

    • Pre-marital characteristics: Residence, level of education, and whether a marriage was consanguineous.
    • Marriage formation: How women met their spouses and whether the marriage decision was made by their families.
    • Women's characteristics: Their mother tongue, level of education, working status, and the attitudes they have towards gender equality and violence.

    Highlights of TDHS Analyses

    • Marriage rates have declined amongst certain groups between 1998 and 2018 in Turkey.
    • More girls are marrying before the age of 18 but the number isn't as high as it was in previous surveys.
    • Poverty, lack of education and cultural norms continue to be significant factors.
    • There appears to be a connection between lower educational attainment and higher rates of early marriage.
    • Limited data on the factors of early marriage: Comprehensive investigations into the causes of early marriage are needed to implement impactful policies and strategies to address the issue.

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    Child, Early and Forced Marriage in Turkey (PDF)

    Description

    Explore the socio-cultural factors and consequences of child marriage in Turkey through this quiz. Examine key insights from the Turkey Demographic and Health Surveys and understand the implications for women's rights and societal impacts. Test your knowledge on this critical issue affecting many lives today.

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