Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
According to Erikson, what is the primary factor in the development of personality?
What type of behavior, according to Skinner, occurs automatically and reflexively?
What is the sequence of events in Skinner's theory of learning?
What is the purpose of taking away privileges from a child who talks back to their parents, according to Skinner's theory?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary emphasis of Skinner's theory of learning?
Signup and view all the answers
What age range is associated with biological, cognitive, language, emotional, and social development, according to Erikson?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of behavior, according to Skinner, requires conscious control?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the ultimate goal of psychoanalysis therapy, according to the text?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary objective of a theory in child development?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a principle of a theory?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary focus of biological theory in child development?
Signup and view all the answers
Which theoretical approach emphasizes the role of observation and experience in shaping behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of evaluating theories in child development?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the event, circumstance, or action that happens immediately before a behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary advantage of using theories in child development?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the result or outcome of a behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main argument of Chomsky's theory of language acquisition?
Signup and view all the answers
According to Piaget's theory, what is the primary way children construct knowledge?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main difference between Piaget's theory and Vygotsky's theory?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of environment in Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main idea behind Vygotsky's theory of social constructivism?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the relationship between nativism and individual differences, according to the text?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of reinforcement in Chomsky's theory of language acquisition?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main difference between Piaget's theory and Chomsky's theory?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary focus of Vygotsky's zone of proximal development?
Signup and view all the answers
According to Bruner, what is the ideal learning environment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main argument of Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the key difference between Vygotsky and Bruner's approaches to learning?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term used to describe the space between what a learner can do without assistance and what a learner can do with adult guidance?
Signup and view all the answers
Who is associated with the 'bioecological model' of human development?
Signup and view all the answers
Which theory suggests that early experiences are critical in shaping human development?
Signup and view all the answers
Who is associated with the idea that innate factors are key in human development?
Signup and view all the answers
Which approach emphasizes the importance of social interactions in shaping human development?
Signup and view all the answers
According to which theory, human development occurs in stages?
Signup and view all the answers
Which approach emphasizes the environment's role in shaping human development?
Signup and view all the answers
Which theory suggests that activity is key in child development?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Understanding Theories in Child Development
- A theory is an attempt to discover order and show lawful relations between events, connecting concepts and building on observations to explain and predict behavior.
- Principles of a theory: must be logical, testable, evidence-based, and a set of ideas.
Main Theoretical Approaches
- Biological theory
- Psychodynamic theories
- Learning theories:
- Behaviourism (Skinner)
- Nativism (Chomsky)
- Cognitive theories:
- Constructivism (Piaget)
- Social constructivism (Vygotsky)
- Ecological theory (Bronfenbrenner)
Evaluating Theories
- Consider the historical context and relationship between theories
- Evaluate the usefulness of theories in working with children
- Compare theories: similarities and differences
Observing Child Development
- Child development is based on observing what children do and what happens in childhood (phenomena)
- Patterns of behavior are systematically observed:
- Antecedent (what comes before)
- Behavior (actual action)
- Consequences (what happens as a result)
Learning Theories
- Behaviourism (Skinner):
- Theory of learning: stimulus, response, reinforcement
- Environment is dominant
- Passive learning: environment shapes behavior
- Nativism (Chomsky):
- Inborn faculty for language acquisition
- Biologically determined process
- Children learn language by hearing it without teaching
Cognitive Theories
- Constructivism (Piaget):
- Theory of cognitive development: active interaction with environment
- Child constructs knowledge through creating and modifying mental structures (schemas)
- Development progresses in stages
- Social Constructivism (Vygotsky):
- Humans develop new social and cognitive skills through interactions with older individuals
- Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) and scaffolding
- Social interactions drive development and independence
Ecological Approach
- Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory: environment affects human development
- Bioecological model of human development: biology and social environment
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Learn about the significance of theories in child development, how to evaluate them, and discover the most influential developmental theories. Understand the concept of a theory and its importance in this field.
