Child Development Stages: Autonomy vs. Guilt

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary feature of the initiative versus guilt stage of Erikson's theory?

Increased independence in daily tasks

Enhanced parental control

Regular interaction with other children (correct)

Intense physical development

How should parents respond to a child's failed attempts at independence?

Ignore the child's efforts

Encourage the child without criticism (correct)

Do everything for the child

Criticize the child for failing

What can result from children being overly controlled or criticized?

Enhanced problem-solving skills

Heightened self-esteem

Increased independence

Dependence on others (correct)

Which behavior indicates a child's growing sense of autonomy during development?

Choosing what to wear Signup and view all the answers

What advice does Erikson give regarding parental guidance during the autonomy stage?

Encourage exploration of abilities Signup and view all the answers

What emotional state may children develop if they experience insufficient opportunities for self-assertion?

Sense of shame Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the 'Initiative vs. Guilt' stage?

A time of vigorous action and aggression Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical factor for children to develop self-control according to Erikson?

Finding a balance of support and independence Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a suggested component of the commitment format?

Mention a consequence for failure Signup and view all the answers

How long should the commitments ideally be?

One sentence as each commitment Signup and view all the answers

What format should commitments be written in?

Using the phrase, 'From now on, [ ]' Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of writing commitments in this format?

To clarify intentions for the future Signup and view all the answers

Why might someone choose to write commitments in this format?

To enhance personal accountability Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential characteristic of the commitments made?

They should be achievable and realistic Signup and view all the answers

Which of these aspects is important to consider when writing commitments?

The commitment should reflect personal values and goals Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the stages of development of the physical self?

They must be undergone by every person over time. Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for maintaining the physical well-being of a person?

Consuming the right amount of nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What is one key reason people are drawn to each other?

Shared hobbies Signup and view all the answers

What physiological need is emphasized for maintaining health at any age?

Consuming the right amount of nutrients, water, and sleep Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of this module?

The condition of the physical self and its development Signup and view all the answers

What type of love involves a deep and caring affection for someone?

Affectionate love Signup and view all the answers

What type of language should be used when writing commitments?

Positive and affirming language Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a goal for students at the end of this module?

Evaluate psychological well-being Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is NOT part of Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love?

Affection Signup and view all the answers

What effect does attraction have on relationships?

It fosters comfort and confidence between individuals. Signup and view all the answers

What might students reflect on regarding their habits in this module?

Their unhealthy habits they struggle to change Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is emphasized in the context of physical development?

The right amount of nutrients, including water Signup and view all the answers

What does passionate love primarily involve?

Physical and sexual attraction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best reflects the importance of good health mentioned in this module?

It contributes to the physical wellbeing of a person. Signup and view all the answers

What can be a common reason for choosing a romantic partner over family members?

Higher value placed on romantic relationships Signup and view all the answers

Which type of love is considered the strongest and fullest?

Consummate love Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of romantic love?

It includes various emotions like joy and jealousy. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes intimacy in a relationship?

Emotional feelings of warmth and closeness Signup and view all the answers

Which type of love is formed by the combination of passion and commitment without intimacy?

Fatuous love Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary component of attitudes?

Belief, feelings, and disposition Signup and view all the answers

How can a person's attitude towards sidewalk vendors be expressed?

By believing they are dishonest Signup and view all the answers

What leads to the development of attitudes according to the information provided?

Personal experiences and accounts from others Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a scenario that could lead to a negative attitude?

Direct experience of being bitten by a dog Signup and view all the answers

What combination of elements forms consummate love?

Intimacy, passion, and commitment Signup and view all the answers

What is associated with a positive attitude?

Happy or optimistic disposition Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Children develop physical skills like dressing themselves and playing with toys, enhancing their sense of independence and autonomy.
Parents should encourage exploration within a supportive environment, tolerating failure.
Parents should allow children to attempt tasks independently, providing assistance only when needed, balancing encouragement with protection.
Criticism or over-control can lead to feelings of inadequacy, dependency, and self-doubt.

Initiative vs. Guilt

This stage involves children asserting themselves in play and social interaction, demonstrating a growing sense of initiative.
Parents should encourage exploration and interaction, facilitating positive social skills development.
Children are likely to engage in vigorous and potentially aggressive behaviors.
Play becomes a crucial tool for exploring interpersonal skills and initiating activities.
Criticism or over-control during this stage can lead to feelings of guilt and self-doubt regarding one's initiative.

Physical Self

The physical self is a vessel of one's well-being and requires consistent care throughout life.
Maintaining a healthy body involves proper nutrition, hydration, and adequate sleep.
These stages of development continue regardless of age.

Attraction and Relationships

People tend to associate with those who share similar attitudes, behaviors, characteristics, tastes, intelligence, and personalities.
Attraction is a key factor in initiating relationships, often influenced by shared interests, personality, goals, and lifestyles.
Attraction leads to comfort, ease, and confidence in the relationship.

Love

Love is a strong feeling of affection, manifesting in different forms such as love for God, family, or country.
Romantic love is passionate and involves a range of emotions like fear, anger, desire, joy, and jealousy, often driving marriage.
Affectionate love, or companionate love, is characterized by deep affection and a desire for constant closeness.
Consummate love, the ideal form, encompasses passion, intimacy, and commitment.

Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love

Love comprises three components: passion, intimacy, and commitment.
Passion focuses on physical and sexual attraction.
Intimacy encompasses feelings of warmth, closeness, and sharing in the relationship.
Commitment involves cognitive appraisal of the relationship and the intention to maintain it despite challenges.
Different combinations of these components create different forms of love: infatuation, companionate love, fatuous love, and consummate love.

Attitudes

Attitudes are beliefs that influence our actions and feelings towards people, objects, or ideas.
They can be positive or negative, with positive attitudes associated with optimism and happiness, and negative attitudes with pessimism or dislike.
Attitudes are shaped by both first-hand experiences and accounts shared by others.
They develop over time and often include emotional components.

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Description

Explore the critical stages of child development, focusing on autonomy vs. shame and initiative vs. guilt. Learn how parents can support children's independence through encouragement and allowing exploration. Understand the impact of over-control and criticism on children's self-esteem and initiative.