Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a developmental issue children face during the sensorimotor stage?
The continuous development approach views development as a __________.
cumulative process
Who believed that moral development, like cognitive development, follows a series of stages?
Lawrence Kohlberg
Assuming Dorothy reached her cognitive and language development milestones at the average age, about how old is she?
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A(an) _______ begins as a one-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge.
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Which parenting style is most encouraged in modern America?
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What is the primary developmental task after age 65?
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During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through senses and actions.
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In some ethnic groups, authoritarian parenting is as beneficial as authoritative parenting.
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Emily plans to use ________ to complete her doctoral paper, asking individuals to self-report important information.
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Ego identity is our ______.
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_________ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.
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What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?
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__________ are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information.
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Jory's reasoning that his mother would love a Cars card exemplifies what?
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A _________ is any environmental agent-- biological, chemical, or physical-- that causes damage.
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What kind of parenting style is characterized by parents acting more like friends than authority figures?
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What does Francis's daughter crying and hiding behind him exemplify?
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Theorists who view development as ________ believe that development takes place in unique stages.
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Sigmund Freud believed that personality develops ______.
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Study Notes
Developmental Concepts
- Stranger Anxiety: A common developmental issue in children during the sensorimotor stage.
- Cumulative Process: Continuous development is viewed as a cumulative process rather than discrete stages.
Key Theorists
- Lawrence Kohlberg: Proposed that moral development, like cognitive development, follows a series of stages.
Cognitive Development Milestones
- A four-year-old child typically knows songs and rhymes, recognizes colors and numbers, and can write their name.
Reproductive Development
- Zygote: A one-cell structure formed by the merging of sperm and egg, marking the beginning of developmental processes.
Parenting Styles
- The authoritative parenting style is most encouraged in modern America, promoting a balance of responsiveness and demand.
- In some ethnic groups, authoritarian parenting can be as beneficial as authoritative parenting.
Late Adulthood Development
- The primary developmental task after age 65 is to achieve integrity versus despair, as individuals reflect on their lives.
Piaget's Stages
- Sensorimotor Stage: In this stage, infants experience the world through their senses and actions.
Research Methods
- Students may use surveys to gather self-reported data over long periods for academic research.
Identity and Self-Concept
- Ego Identity: Refers to an individual's sense of self, developed through life experiences.
Cognitive Development
- Cognitive Development: Involves the growth of learning, attention, memory, language, reasoning, and creativity.
Nature vs. Nurture
- Nature in the debate refers specifically to genes and biological factors influencing development.
Mental Models
- Schemata: Concepts or mental models that categorize and interpret information.
Examples of Child Behavior
- Egocentrism: A six-year-old selecting a card based on his interests exemplifies egocentric thinking.
- Stranger Anxiety: A six-month-old crying and hiding face against a parent in a new environment illustrates stranger anxiety.
Environmental Influences
- Teratogen: Any environmental agent that can cause damage during prenatal development.
Parenting Behavior
- Permissive Parenting: Involves minimal restrictions, allowing children to make choices about their schedules and activities, resembling a friend-like relationship.
Developmental Theories
- Discontinuous Development: Theorists who believe development happens in unique and distinct stages.
- Freud's View: Sigmund Freud asserted that personality develops primarily during early childhood.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts related to child development, especially focusing on the sensorimotor stage. This quiz covers aspects like developmental issues, continuous development, and theories by major psychologists such as Lawrence Kohlberg.
